Exosomes
are
essential
indicators
of
molecular
mechanisms
involved
in
interacting
with
cancer
cells
and
the
tumor
environment.
As
nanostructures
based
on
lipids
nucleic
acids,
exosomes
provide
a
communication
pathway
for
information
transfer
by
transporting
biomolecules
from
target
cell
to
other
cells.
Importantly,
these
extracellular
vesicles
released
into
bloodstream
most
invasive
cells,
i.
e.,
cells;
this
way,
they
could
be
considered
promising
specific
biomarker
diagnosis.
In
matter,
CRISPR-Cas
systems
microfluidic
approaches
practical
tools
diagnosis
understanding
biology.
systems,
as
genome
editing
approach,
way
inactivate
or
even
remove
gene
without
affecting
intracellular
mechanisms.
These
vital
about
factors
development
that
lead
more
effective
treatment.
Meanwhile,
can
also
significantly
benefit
research
due
their
proper
sensitivity,
high
throughput,
low
material
consumption,
cost,
advanced
spatial
temporal
control.
Thereby,
employing
CRISPR-Cas-
microfluidics-based
toward
exosome
monitoring
valuable
source
therapy
This
review
assesses
recent
progress
accurate
in-depth
study
behavior.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(5), С. 2730 - 2730
Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
a
diverse
group
of
cell-derived
exocytosed
particles,
are
pivotal
in
mediating
intercellular
communication
due
to
their
ability
selectively
transfer
biomolecules
specific
cell
types.
EVs,
composed
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
lipids,
taken
up
by
cells
affect
variety
signaling
cascades.
Research
the
field
has
primarily
focused
on
stem
with
particular
focus
mesenchymal
cells,
for
potential
therapeutic
benefits.
Recently,
tissue-specific
EVs
or
type-specific
extracellular
(CTS-EVs),
have
garnered
attention
unique
biogenesis
molecular
composition
because
they
enable
highly
targeted
cell-specific
communication.
Various
studies
outlined
roles
that
CTS-EVs
play
physiological
function
maintenance
homeostasis,
including
immune
modulation,
tissue
regeneration,
organ
development.
These
properties
also
exploited
disease
propagation,
such
as
cancer,
neurological
disorders,
infectious
diseases,
autoimmune
conditions,
more.
The
insights
gained
from
analyzing
different
biological
not
only
enhance
our
understanding
pathogenesis
but
open
new
avenues
innovative
diagnostic
biomarkers
targets
wide
spectrum
medical
conditions.
This
review
comprehensively
outlines
current
CTS-EV
origins,
within
normal
physiology,
implications
diseased
states.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
121(11)
Опубликована: Март 4, 2024
Cell-type-specific
in
vivo
delivery
of
genome
editing
molecules
is
the
next
breakthrough
that
will
drive
biological
discovery
and
transform
field
cell
gene
therapy.
Here,
we
discuss
recent
advances
CRISPR-Cas
editors
either
as
preassembled
ribonucleoproteins
or
encoded
mRNA.
Both
strategies
avoid
pitfalls
viral
vector-mediated
offer
advantages
including
transient
editor
lifetime
potentially
streamlined
manufacturing
capability
are
already
proving
valuable
for
clinical
use.
We
review
current
applications
future
opportunities
these
emerging
approaches
could
make
more
efficacious
accessible
future.
Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
85, С. 104579 - 104579
Опубликована: Май 18, 2023
Exosomes
are
multivesicular
bodies
of
which
the
plasma
membrane
fuse
to
release
caring
moiety
into
surrounding
body
fluids.
They
best
known
for
their
function
in
mediating
intercellular
connectivity
by
transferring
various
biomolecules,
such
as
proteins,
RNAs,
and
lipids,
from
one
cell
another.
These
"naturally
equipped"
nanovesicles
could
be
therapeutically
targeted
or
engineered
drug
delivery
systems.
The
use
exosomes
cancer
detection
prognosis
has
attracted
a
great
deal
interest
academics.
In
addition
chemical,
biological,
genetic
engineering
approaches,
other
current
exosomal
alteration
methodologies
hold
promise
advancement
therapeutic
medicines
cancer.
this
review,
we
highlight
theranostic
potential
cancers.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
Volume 19, С. 2241 - 2264
Опубликована: Март 1, 2024
Abstract:
Recently,
gene
therapy
has
become
a
subject
of
considerable
research
and
been
widely
evaluated
in
various
disease
models.
Though
it
is
considered
as
stand-alone
agent
for
COVID-19
vaccination,
still
suffering
from
the
following
drawbacks
during
its
translation
bench
to
bedside:
high
sensitivity
exogenous
nucleic
acids
enzymatic
degradation;
severe
side
effects
induced
either
by
or
components
formulation;
difficulty
cross
barriers
before
reaching
therapeutic
target.
Therefore,
successful
application
therapy,
safe
reliable
transport
vector
urgently
needed.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
ideal
candidate
delivery
drugs
owing
their
low
immunogenicity,
good
biocompatibility
toxicity.
To
better
understand
properties
EVs
advantages
drug
vehicles,
this
review
covers
origin
methods
generation,
well
common
isolation
purification
research,
with
pros
cons
discussed.
Meanwhile,
engineering
also
highlighted.
In
addition,
paper
presents
progress
EVs-mediated
microRNAs,
small
interfering
RNAs,
messenger
plasmids,
antisense
oligonucleotides.
We
believe
will
provide
theoretical
basis
development
drugs.
Keywords:
extracellular
vesicles,
system,
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
cell
derived
nanovesicles
which
implicated
in
both
physiological
and
pathological
intercellular
communication,
including
the
initiation,
progression,
metastasis
of
cancer.
The
exchange
biomolecules
between
stromal
cells
cancer
via
EVs
can
provide
a
window
to
monitor
development
real
time
for
better
diagnostic
interventional
strategies.
In
addition,
process
secretion
internalization
by
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
be
exploited
delivering
therapeutics.
have
potential
targeted,
biocompatible,
efficient
delivery
platform
treatment
other
diseases.
Natural
as
well
engineered
nanomedicine
immense
disease
intervention.
Here,
we
an
overview
current
knowledge
EVs'
function
therapeutic
applications
setting,
EV
engineering
Abstract
The
advent
of
Clustered
Regularly
Interspaced
Short
Palindromic
Repeats
(CRISPR)‐based
genome
editing
technologies
has
opened
up
groundbreaking
possibilities
for
treating
a
wide
spectrum
genetic
disorders
and
diseases.
However,
the
success
these
relies
heavily
on
development
efficient
safe
delivery
systems.
Among
most
promising
approaches
are
natural
synthetic
nanocarrier‐mediated
systems,
including
viral
vectors,
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
engineered
cellular
membrane
particles,
liposomes,
various
nanoparticles.
These
carriers
enhance
efficacy
CRISPR
system
by
providing
unique
combination
efficiency,
specificity,
reduced
immunogenicity.
Synthetic
such
as
liposomes
nanoparticles
facilitate
with
high
reproducibility
customizable
functions.
Viral
renowned
their
transduction
efficiency
broad
tropism,
serve
powerful
vehicles
delivering
components
to
cell
types.
EVs,
RNA
proteins,
offer
stealth
mechanism
evade
immune
detection,
allowing
targeted
editors
minimal
off‐target
effects.
Engineered
particles
further
improve
simulating
environment,
enhancing
uptake,
minimizing
response.
This
review
explores
innovative
integration
nanocarrier
focusing
recent
advancements,
applications,
future
directions
in
therapeutic
editing.
Frontiers in Pharmacology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
16
Опубликована: Фев. 10, 2025
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
and
MSC-derived
extracellular
vesicles
(MSC-EVs)
are
increasingly
recognized
for
their
therapeutic
potential
in
regenerative
medicine,
driven
by
capabilities
immunomodulation
tissue
repair.
However,
MSCs
present
risks
such
as
immunogenic
responses,
malignant
transformation,
the
to
transmit
infectious
pathogens
due
intrinsic
proliferative
differentiative
abilities.
In
contrast,
MSC-EVs,
particularly
exosomes
(MSC-exosomes,
30–150
nm
diameter),
offer
a
safer
profile.
These
acellular
mitigate
associated
with
immune
rejection
tumorigenesis
inherently
incapable
of
forming
ectopic
tissues,
thereby
enhancing
clinical
safety
applicability.
This
review
highlights
promise
MSC-exosomes
especially
focusing
on
modulation
miRNA
(one
bioactive
molecules
MSC-EVs)
profiles
through
various
preconditioning
strategies
exposure
hypoxia,
chemotherapeutic
agents,
inflammatory
cytokines,
physical
stimuli.
Such
conditioning
is
shown
optimize
potential.
Key
miRNAs
including
miR-21,
miR-146,
miR-125a,
miR-126,
miR-181a
noted
roles
facilitating
repair
modulating
responses.
functionalities
position
valuable
tool
personalized
case
exosome-based
interventions.
Despite
this
also
acknowledged
limitations
traditional
MSC
therapies
advocates
strategic
pivot
towards
modalities
enhance
outcomes.
By
discussing
recent
advances
detail
identifying
remaining
pitfalls,
aims
guide
future
directions
improving
efficacy
MSC-exosome-based
therapeutics.
Additionally,
variability
MSC-EVs
presents
challenges
diverse
play
regulating
gene
expression
cell
behavior.
The
content
can
be
influenced
differences
isolation
purification
methods,
which
may
alter
specific
miRNAs,
contributing
effects.
Frontiers in Chemistry,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11
Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023
The
use
of
biomaterials
in
delivering
CRISPR/Cas9
for
gene
therapy
infectious
diseases
holds
tremendous
potential.
This
innovative
approach
combines
the
advantages
with
protective
properties
biomaterials,
enabling
accurate
and
efficient
editing
while
enhancing
safety.
Biomaterials
play
a
vital
role
shielding
components,
such
as
lipid
nanoparticles
or
viral
vectors,
from
immunological
processes
degradation,
extending
their
effectiveness.
By
utilizing
flexibility
tailored
systems
can
be
designed
to
address
specific
genetic
diseases,
paving
way
personalized
therapeutics.
Furthermore,
this
delivery
method
offers
promising
avenues
combating
illnesses
by
precisely
modifying
pathogen
genomes,
reducing
pathogenicity.
facilitate
site-specific
modifications,
ensuring
effective
infected
cells
minimizing
off-target
effects.
However,
challenges
remain,
including
optimizing
efficiency,
effects,
long-term
safety,
establishing
scalable
production
techniques.
Thorough
research,
pre-clinical
investigations,
rigorous
safety
evaluations
are
imperative
successful
translation
laboratory
clinical
applications.
In
review,
we
discussed
how
using
revolutionizes
disease
treatment,
offering
precise
safe
capabilities
potential
significantly
improve
human
health
quality
life.
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
a
diverse
group
of
cell-derived
exocytosed
particles,
are
pivotal
in
mediating
intercellular
communication
due
to
their
ability
selectively
transfer
biomolecules
specific
cell
types.
EVs,
composed
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
and
lipids,
taken
up
by
cells
affect
variety
signaling
cascades.
Research
the
field
has
primarily
focused
on
stem-cell
derived
with
particular
focus
mesenchymal
stem
cells,
for
potential
therapeutic
benefits.
Recently,
tissue
EVs
or
type
extracellular
(CTS-EVs),
have
garnered
attention
unique
biogenesis
molecular
composition
because
they
enable
highly
targeted
cell-specific
communication.
Various
studies
outlined
roles
that
CTS-EVs
play
physiological
function
maintenance
homeostasis,
including
immune
modulation,
regeneration,
organ
development.
These
properties
also
exploited
disease
propagation,
such
as
cancer,
neurological
disorders,
infectious
diseases,
autoimmune
conditions,
more.
The
insights
gained
from
analyzing
different
biological
not
only
enhance
our
understanding
pathogenesis,
but
open
new
avenues
innovative
diagnostic
biomarkers
targets
wide
spectrum
medical
conditions.
This
review
comprehensively
outlines
current
CTS-EV
origins,
within
normal
physiology,
implications
diseased
states.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
22(1)
Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2024
Chronic
hepatitis
B
poses
a
significant
global
burden,
modulating
immune
cells,
leading
to
chronic
inflammation
and
long-term
damage.
Due
its
hepatotropism,
the
virus
(HBV)
cannot
infect
other
cells.
The
mechanisms
underlying
intercellular
communication
among
different
liver
cells
in
HBV-infected
individuals
microenvironment
imbalance
remain
elusive.
Exosomes,
as
important
cargo
transportation
tools
between
hepatocytes
have
been
shown
assist
HBV
regulate
microenvironment.
However,
role
of
exosomes
has
only
gradually
received
attention
recent
years.
Minimal
literature
systematically
elaborated
on
reshaping
liver.
This
review
unfolds
sequentially
based
biological
processes
exosomes:
exosomes'
biogenesis,
release,
transport,
uptake
by
recipient
their
impact
We
delineate
how
influences
biogenesis
exosomes,
utilizing
exosomal
covert
transmission,
reshapes
hepatic
And
characteristics
functions
potential
applications
are
summarized
predicted.
