Projected Lifetime Cancer Risks From Current Computed Tomography Imaging

JAMA Internal Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 14, 2025

Importance Approximately 93 million computed tomography (CT) examinations are performed on 62 patients annually in the United States, and ionizing radiation from CT is a known carcinogen. Objective To project number of future lifetime cancers US population associated with imaging 2023. Design, Setting, Participants This risk model used multicenter sample prospectively assembled between January 2018 December 2020 University California San Francisco International Dose Registry. Data analysis was conducted October 2023 to 2024. Main Outcomes Measures Distributions organ-specific doses were estimated by patient age, sex, category scaled based 2023, quantified IMV national survey. Lifetime radiation-induced cancer incidence 90% uncertainty limits (UL) using National Cancer Institute software Research Council’s Biological Effects Ionizing Radiation VII models projected examination counts. Results An 61 510 000 underwent including 2 570 (4.2%) children, 58 940 (95.8%) adults, 32 600 (53.0%) female patients, 28 910 (47.0%) male patients. 103 (90% UL, 96 400-109 500) result these examinations. Estimated risks higher children adolescents, yet utilization adults accounted for most (93 000; 86 900-99 [91%]) cancers. The common lung (22 400 cases; 20 200-25 cases), colon (8700 7800-9700 leukemia (7900 6700-9500 bladder (7100 cases, 6000-8500 cases) overall, while breast second (5700 5000-6500 cases). largest abdomen pelvis reflecting 37 500 (37%) 30 (32%), followed chest (21 [21%]; [21%]). Estimates remained large over variety sensitivity analyses, which resulted range 80 127 across analyses. Conclusions Relevance study found that at current dose levels, approximately course exposed If practices persist, CT-associated could eventually account 5% all new diagnoses annually.

Язык: Английский

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A spatial measure-valued model for radiation-induced DNA damage kinetics and repair under protracted irradiation condition

Journal of Mathematical Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 88(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 29, 2024

In the present work, we develop a general spatial stochastic model to describe formation and repair of radiation-induced DNA damage. The is described mathematically as measure-valued particle-based system extends in several directions developed Cordoni et al. (Phys Rev E 103:012412, 2021; Int J Radiat Biol 1-16, 2022a; Res 197:218-232, 2022b). this new formulation, damage cell nucleus can undergo different pathways either or lead inactivation. main novelty work rigorously define that considers pairwise interaction lesions continuous protracted irradiation. former relevant from biological point view clustered are less likely be repaired, leading latter instead describes effects radiation field on tissue. We prove existence uniqueness solution above systems, characterizing its probabilistic properties. further couple describing set reaction-diffusion equations with random discontinuity chemical environment. At last, study large limit process. applied contexts, radiotherapy space radioprotection being most relevant. Further, biochemical derived play crucial role understanding an extremely promising novel treatment modality, named community FLASH radiotherapy, whose mechanism today largely unknown.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring Extravasation in Cancer Patients

Cancers, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(13), С. 2308 - 2308

Опубликована: Июнь 24, 2024

Extravasation, the unintended leakage of intravenously administered substances, poses significant challenges in cancer treatment, particularly during chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This comprehensive review explores pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention strategies, management approaches, complications, long-term effects extravasation patients. It also outlines future directions research opportunities, including identifying gaps current knowledge proposing areas for further investigation management. Emerging technologies therapies with potential to improve both radiotherapy are highlighted. Such innovations include advanced vein visualization technologies, smart catheters, targeted drug delivery systems, novel topical treatments, artificial intelligence-based image analysis. By addressing these aspects, this not only provides healthcare professionals insights enhance patient safety optimize practice but underscores importance ongoing innovation improving outcomes patients experiencing events.

Язык: Английский

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) Trigger Cell Death and Senescence in Cancer Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 2473 - 2473

Опубликована: Фев. 20, 2024

The currently available anti-cancer therapies, such as gamma-radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, induce cell death cellular senescence not only in cancer cells but also the adjacent normal tissue. New anti-tumor approaches focus on limiting side effects cells. In this frame, potential properties of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) through irradiation breast epithelial (MCF-7 MDA-MB-231) fibroblasts (FF95) were investigated. PEMFs had a frequency 8 Hz, full-square wave type magnetic flux density 0.011 T applied twice daily for 5 days. data collected showcase that PEMF application decreases proliferation rate viability while having opposite effect fibroblasts. Moreover, induces without any non-cancerous These findings suggest novel, non-invasive strategy that, when combined with senolytic drugs, may eliminate both remaining senescent cells, simultaneously avoiding current treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) Trigger Cell Death and Senescence in Cancer Cells

Опубликована: Янв. 25, 2024

The currently available anti-cancer therapies, such as gamma-radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, induce cell death cellular senescence not only in cancer cells but also the adjacent normal tissue. New anti-tumor approaches focus on limiting side effects cells. In this frame, potential properties of Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) through irradiation breast epithelial (MCF-7 MDA-MB-231) fibroblasts (FF95) were investigated. PEMFs had a frequency 8 Hz, full-square wave type, magnetic flux density 0.011 T applied twice daily for 5 days. Data collected showcases that PEMF application decreases proliferation rate viability while having opposite effect fibroblasts. Moreover, induced without any non-cancerous These findings suggest novel, non-invasive strategy combination with senolytic drugs, to eliminate both remaining senescent simultaneously avoiding current treatments.

Язык: Английский

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Ionizing Radiation, Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Damage: Radiomodulators

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(6), С. 1219 - 1219

Опубликована: Июнь 5, 2023

Ionizing radiation (IR) is the energy released by atoms in form of electromagnetic waves (e [...].

Язык: Английский

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Gamma knife versus linear accelerator thalamotomy for essential tremor and Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 133, С. 111050 - 111050

Опубликована: Янв. 16, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Preparation and characterization of rubber-lead nanocomposite material as a protective shield against cobalt gamma radiation

Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 20(1), С. 239 - 252

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

The current study investigates the potential of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposite reinforced with nano-lead (N-Pb) as a protective shield against gamma radiation emitted from Cobalt-60 (Co-60) source. influence varying N-Pb concentrations (50–300 parts per hundred rubber, pphr) on structural, morphological, and radiation-shielding characteristics was investigated. characterized using several analytical techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). results demonstrate that increasing concentration leads to enhanced crystallinity, improved homogeneity, significantly shielding capabilities material. Notably, exhibited substantial decrease in count rate (31.9% reduction 300 pphr N-Pb), mean free path (81% decrease), half-value layer (77% tenth-value (87% decrease) content increased. These findings highlight promising SBR-N-Pb nanocomposites cost-effective efficient material for various applications.

Язык: Английский

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“Aging and epigenetic implications in radiotherapy: the promise of BNCT”

Ageing Research Reviews, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 102786 - 102786

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Although cancer treatment strategies have made considerable progress in recent decades, the challenge of selectively killing tumor cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue remains. Radiotherapy (RT) continues be crucial for growth control when combined with surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. RT effectiveness depends on factors such as type, features, choice external or internal treatment. Given its non-invasive nature low systemic toxicity, is a suitable strategy elderly patients. However, despite efficacy, variations cell sensitivity radiation influence outcomes, normal surrounding can also affected. Radiation-induced DNA trigger cellular senescence, permanent cycle arrest pro-inflammatory secretory phenotype, contributing radio-resistance cells. causes not only breakage but epigenetic remodeling. Epigenetic pathways are involved response, radiosensitivity modulated using compounds. Emerging treatments based more precise forms RT, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), offer promising results by targeting tumors potentially preserving tissues. BNCT has shown efficacy glioblastoma, recurrent head neck carcinoma, melanoma. This review i) examines mechanisms challenges conventional focusing aging role tolerability, ii) describes impact senescence resistance, iii) explores advances BNCT, iv) considers potential drugs optimize outcomes.

Язык: Английский

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X-ray radiation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in human epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 264, С. 115404 - 115404

Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2023

Radiation therapy and unwanted radiological or nuclear exposure, such as plant accidents, terrorist attacks, military conflicts, pose serious health issues to humans. Dysfunction of the intestinal epithelial barrier leakage luminal antigens bacteria across have been linked various human diseases. Intestinal permeability is regulated by intercellular structures, termed tight junctions (TJs), which are disrupted after radiation exposure. In this study, we investigated radiation-induced alterations in TJ-related proteins an cell model. Caco-2 cells were irradiated with 2, 5, 10 Gy harvested 1 24 h X-ray The trypan blue assay revealed that viability was reduced a dose-dependent manner exposure compared non-irradiated cells. However, WST-8 proliferation significantly only addition, decreased growth rate increased doubling time observed X-rays. increased, transepithelial electrical resistance values remarkably monolayers X-rays irradiation mRNA protein levels ZO-1, occludin, claudin-3, claudin-4, ZO-1 claudin-3 decreasing manner. Overall, present study reveals induces dysfunction integrity via downregulation genes, may be key factor contributing damage permeability.

Язык: Английский

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