Pathophysiology and Main Molecular Mechanisms of Urinary Stone Formation and Recurrence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 25(5), С. 3075 - 3075

Опубликована: Март 6, 2024

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the most common urological diseases. The incidence kidney stones has increased dramatically in last few decades. are mineral deposits calyces or pelvis, free attached to renal papillae. They contain crystals and organic components, they made when urine supersaturated with minerals. Calcium-containing common, calcium oxalate as main component stones. However, many these form on a phosphate matrix called Randall’s plaque, which found surface papilla. etiology multifactorial, recurrence rate high 50% within 5 years after first onset. There great need for prevention that requires better understanding mechanisms involved formation facilitate development more effective drugs. This review aims understand pathophysiology molecular known date prevent recurrences, behavioral nutritional interventions, well pharmacological treatments specific type stone.

Язык: Английский

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Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions

Life, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(4), С. 495 - 495

Опубликована: Март 28, 2022

During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that unique to spaceflight and have been known cause physiological changes in humans over period time. Several these occur at the microbiome level, complex ensemble microbial communities residing various anatomic sites human body, pivotal role regulating health behavior host. The is essential for day-to-day activities, alterations composition function linked diseases. For reasons, understanding impact conditions on important assess significant risks can emerge during long-term missions develop countermeasures. Here, we review caused by exploration discuss promoting or ameliorating conditions, as well space-related factors composition. topics explored pertain microgravity, radiation, immunity, bone health, cognitive function, gender differences pharmacomicrobiomics. Connections made between trifecta spaceflight, host microbiome, significance interactions successful missions.

Язык: Английский

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Metabolic changes in kidney stone disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Май 9, 2023

Kidney stone disease (KSD) is one of the earliest medical diseases known, but mechanism its formation and metabolic changes remain unclear. The kidney stones a extensive complicated process, which regulated by in various substances. In this manuscript, we summarized progress research on discuss valuable role some new potential targets. We reviewed influence metabolism common substances formation, such as regulation oxalate, release reactive oxygen species (ROS), macrophage polarization, levels hormones, alternation other New insights into substance disease, well emerging techniques, will provide directions treatment stones. Reviewing great that has been made field help to improve understanding urologists, nephrologists, health care providers contribute explore targets for clinical therapy.

Язык: Английский

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Oxalate in Foods: Extraction Conditions, Analytical Methods, Occurrence, and Health Implications

Foods, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(17), С. 3201 - 3201

Опубликована: Авг. 25, 2023

Oxalate is an antinutrient present in a wide range of foods, with plant products, especially green leafy vegetables, being the main sources dietary oxalates. This compound has been largely associated hyperoxaluria, kidney stone formation, and, more severe cases, systematic oxalosis. Due to its impact on human health, it extremely important control amount oxalate particularly for patients issues. In this review, summary and discussion current knowledge analysis, extraction conditions, specific features analytical methods, reported occurrence health implications are presented. addition, brief conclusion further perspectives whether high-oxalate foods truly problematic can be seen as threats shown.

Язык: Английский

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The Gut–Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics

Life, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(10), С. 2023 - 2023

Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2023

The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. GM has symbiotic relationship with its host fundamental for body homeostasis. not limited to scope GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between other organs, highlighting concept "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from normal composition GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", implicated in pathogenesis various diseases. Only few studies have demonstrated modifications disease phenotypes, it still unknown whether an altered contributes or simply reflects status. Restoration probiotics prebiotics been postulated, evidence effects limited. Prebiotics substrates "selectively utilized by microorganisms, conferring health benefit". This study highlights vital organs demonstrates dysbiosis emergence certain representative Finally, this article focuses on potential as target therapy manipulate presents gaps literature research.

Язык: Английский

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Associations between cardiometabolic index with kidney stones: evidence from NHANES 2007-2018

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 10, 2025

Background Kidney stones are a prevalent disorder that is linked to range of metabolic variables. The cardiometabolic index (CMI) newly developed combined measure used evaluate the state health. Nevertheless, association between CMI and kidney stone remains little investigated. Methods In this study, cross-sectional analysis was done on NHANES data from 2007 2018. prevalence investigated using logistic regression analysis. To look into nonlinear link them, we restricted cubic spline (RCS) study made more reliable accurate by sensitivity subgroup for factors may have contributed different results. Results A significant seen increased (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.32). RCS revealed crucial values exhibited robust within certain range. Subgroup studies particularly prominent among those below age 50, females, obese, CKD diabetes patients. dependability study’s conclusions further established Conclusion This notable higher stones, emphasizing significance as comprehensive evaluating risk. Furthermore, it suggests monitoring levels could be beneficial in identifying populations with high stones.

Язык: Английский

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Drug-induced kidney stones: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FDA adverse event reporting system database

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 16

Опубликована: Март 27, 2025

Objective This study aims to identify the drugs most commonly associated with kidney stone-related adverse events using data from FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), providing insights for clinical reference regarding use of these drugs. Methods We utilized Medical Dictionary Regulatory Activities (MedDRA 26.0) preferred term “nephrolithiasis” drug-related (ADEs) stones reported in FAERS Q1 2004 2024. odds ratio (ROR) was used quantify signal strength ADEs, and new risk signals were compared drug labeling information any previously unreported risks. Results Out 21,035,995 FAERS, 38,307 stones. The top 5 frequently linked stone cases adalimumab (2,636 cases), infliximab (1,266 interferon beta-1a (920 sodium oxybate (877 teriparatide (836 cases). Notably, certain like lansoprazole (ROR 7.2, 95% CI 6.62–7.84), Xywav 7.1, 6.03–8.35), teduglutide 5.54, 4.83–6.36) showed significant signals. Of 50 identified, 33 not labeled as carrying a Conclusion Our analysis revealed indicated labels Close monitoring is recommended when medications, further research needed investigate mechanisms behind drug-induced formation.

Язык: Английский

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Association between oxidative balance score and kidney stone in United States adults: analysis from NHANES 2007-2018

Frontiers in Physiology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 14

Опубликована: Ноя. 3, 2023

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) and kidney stone risk using NHANES 2007-2018 data, to explore potential mechanisms population-specific effects. Materials methods: Data from were analyzed. OBS was calculated based on 16 dietary components 4 lifestyle components. Multivariate logistic regression employed stone. Further stratified analyses conducted examine associations across different subgroups. Results: A total of 19,799 participants included in study. There a consistent inverse association stones (OR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.96–0.99). After dividing into quartiles OBS, compared lowest quartile highest reduced by 33% (95% CI 0.50–0.89; p 0.002). This both scores. The protective effect notably pronounced among Non-Hispanic white Other race groups, individuals with higher level education. However, not significant diabetes. Conclusion: indicating balance skewed towards antioxidants, is associated stones, especially specific population These findings underscore role oxidative pathogenesis highlight importance considering individual factors future research preventive strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Exploring a Complex Interplay: Kidney–Gut Axis in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 15(16), С. 3609 - 3609

Опубликована: Авг. 17, 2023

The human intestinal microbiota is a highly intricate structure with crucial role in promoting health and preventing disease. It consists of diverse microbial communities that inhabit the gut contribute to essential functions such as food digestion, nutrient synthesis, immune system development. composition function are influenced by variety factors, including diet, host genetics, environmental features. In pediatric patients, particularly dynamic vulnerable disruption from endogenous exogenous factors. Recent research has focused on understanding interaction between kidneys. individuals chronic kidney disease, there often significant disturbance microbiota. This imbalance can be attributed factors like increased levels harmful toxins entering bloodstream, inflammation, oxidative stress. review looks at what known about link child’s gut–kidney axis, how dysbiosis, or an microbiome, affects treatments, both pharmaceutical non-pharmaceutical, available for this condition.

Язык: Английский

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The phytase RipBL1 enables the assignment of a specific inositol phosphate isomer as a structural component of human kidney stones

RSC Chemical Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 4(4), С. 300 - 309

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2023

Inositol phosphates (InsPs) are ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. However, since there 63 possible different phosphate ester isomers, the analysis of InsPs is challenging. In particular, InsP1, InsP2, and InsP3 already amass 41 which some occur as enantiomers. Profiling these "lower" inositol mammalian tissues requires powerful analytical methods reference compounds. Here, we report an InsP2 with capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS). Using this method, bacterial effector RipBL1 was analyzed found degrade InsP6 Ins(1,2,3)P3, understudied isomer. This new molecule then aided us assignment isomeric identity while profiling human samples: urine kidney stones, describe for first time presence defined abundant namely Ins(1,2,6)P3 and/or Ins(2,3,4)P3.

Язык: Английский

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