Biomarkers
of
food
intake
(BFIs)
are
a
promising
tool
for
limiting
misclassification
in
nutrition
research
where
more
subjective
dietary
assessment
instruments
used.
They
may
also
be
used
to
assess
compliance
guidelines
or
intervention.
therefore
hold
promise
direct
and
objective
measurement
intake.
However,
the
number
comprehensively
validated
biomarkers
is
limited
just
few.
Many
new
candidate
emerge
from
metabolic
profiling
studies
advances
chemistry.
Furthermore,
identified
based
on
extensive
literature
reviews
such
as
described
Biomarker
Food
Intake
Reviews
(BFIRev).
To
systematically
critically
validity
intake,
it
necessary
outline
streamline
an
optimal
reproducible
validation
process.
A
consensus-based
procedure
was
provide
evaluate
set
most
important
criteria
systematic
BFIs.
As
result,
developed
including
eight
criteria,
plausibility,
dose-response,
time-response,
robustness,
reliability,
stability,
analytical
performance,
inter-laboratory
reproducibility.
The
has
dual
purpose:
(1)
estimate
current
level
approach
(2)
pinpoint
which
additional
needed
full
each
biomarker
This
position
paper
outlines
second
step
BFIRev
but
identified,
e.g.,
metabolomic
studies.
Physiological Reviews,
Год журнала:
2019,
Номер
99(4), С. 1819 - 1875
Опубликована: Авг. 22, 2019
Metabolomics
uses
advanced
analytical
chemistry
techniques
to
enable
the
high-throughput
characterization
of
metabolites
from
cells,
organs,
tissues,
or
biofluids.
The
rapid
growth
in
metabolomics
is
leading
a
renewed
interest
metabolism
and
role
that
small
molecule
play
many
biological
processes.
As
result,
traditional
views
as
being
simply
“bricks
mortar”
cells
just
fuel
for
cellular
energetics
are
upended.
Indeed,
appear
have
much
more
varied
far
important
roles
signaling
molecules,
immune
modulators,
endogenous
toxins,
environmental
sensors.
This
review
explores
how
yielding
new
insights
into
number
physiological
In
particular,
major
focus
on
illustrating
discoveries
made
through
improving
our
understanding
both
normal
physiology
pathophysiology
diseases.
These
influence
organ
function,
nutrient
sensing,
gut
physiology.
Collectively,
this
work
unified
system-wide
perspective
biology
wherein
metabolites,
proteins,
genes
understood
interact
synergistically
modify
actions
functions
organelles,
organisms.
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety,
Год журнала:
2018,
Номер
17(5), С. 1054 - 1112
Опубликована: Июль 10, 2018
Abstract
Flavonoids
are
plant‐derived
dietary
components
with
a
substantial
impact
on
human
health.
Research
has
expanded
massively
since
it
began
in
the
1930s,
and
complex
pathways
involved
bioavailability
of
flavonoids
body
now
well
understood.
In
recent
years,
been
appreciated
that
gut
microbiome
plays
major
role
flavonoid
action,
but
much
progress
still
needs
to
be
made
this
area.
Since
first
publications
health
effects
flavonoids,
their
action
is
understood
protect
against
various
stresses,
mechanism
evolved
from
debunked
simple
direct
antioxidant
hypothesis
into
an
understanding
molecular
targets
enzymes
specific
cell
types.
This
review
traces
development
field
over
past
8
decades,
indicates
current
state
art,
how
was
reached.
Future
recommendations
based
historical
analysis
(a)
focus
key
areas
(b)
perform
intervention
studies
focusing
protective
effects,
(c)
carry
out
cellular
vitro
experiments
using
appropriate
cells
together
chemical
form
found
at
site
action;
could
native
compounds
food
for
digestion
intestine,
conjugated
metabolites
blood
after
absorption
small
intestine
cells,
or
forms
tissues
catabolism
by
microbiota.
Journal of the American Heart Association,
Год журнала:
2017,
Номер
6(7)
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2017
Gut
microbial
metabolites
have
been
implicated
as
novel
risk
factors
for
cardiovascular
events
and
premature
death.
The
strength
consistency
of
associations
between
blood
concentrations
the
gut
metabolites,
trimethylamine-N-oxide
(TMAO)
its
precursors,
with
major
adverse
(MACE)
or
death
not
comprehensively
assessed.
We
quantified
TMAO
precursors
risks
MACE
mortality.PubMed
Embase
databases
were
searched
up,
a
total
19
prospective
studies
from
16
publications
(n=19
256,
including
3315
incident
cases)
quantitative
estimates
development
included
in
our
main
analysis.
Multivariate-adjusted
relative
(RRs)
used
when
these
available.
Elevated
associated
pooled
RR
1.62
(95%
CI,
1.45,
1.80;
Pheterogeneity=0.2;
I2=23.5%)
compared
low
levels,
1
study
black
participants
influenced
heterogeneity
association.
After
excluding
data
blacks,
RRs
different
according
to
body
mass
index,
prevalence
diabetes
mellitus,
history
diseases,
kidney
dysfunction.
Furthermore,
elevated
1.63
(1.36,
1.95)
all-cause
mortality.
Individuals
(l-carnitine,
choline,
betaine)
had
an
approximately
1.3
1.4
times
higher
those
concentrations.Elevated
increased
mortality
independently
traditional
factors.
Gut,
Год журнала:
2016,
Номер
66(7), С. 1241 - 1251
Опубликована: Март 14, 2016
Objective
To
gain
mechanistic
insights,
we
compared
effects
of
low
fermentable
oligosaccharides,
disaccharides
and
monosaccharides
polyols
(FODMAP)
high
FODMAP
diets
on
symptoms,
the
metabolome
microbiome
patients
with
IBS.
Design
We
performed
a
controlled,
single
blind
study
IBS
(Rome
III
criteria)
randomised
to
(n=20)
or
diet
for
3
weeks.
Symptoms
were
assessed
using
symptom
severity
scoring
(IBS-SSS).
The
was
evaluated
lactulose
breath
test
(LBT)
metabolic
profiling
in
urine
mass
spectrometry.
Stool
microbiota
composition
analysed
by
16S
rRNA
gene
profiling.
Results
Thirty-seven
(19
FODMAP;
18
FODMAP)
completed
3-week
diet.
IBS-SSS
reduced
group
(p<0.001)
but
not
group.
LBTs
showed
minor
decrease
H
2
production
Metabolic
groups
differed
significantly
after
(p<0.01),
three
metabolites
(histamine,
p-hydroxybenzoic
acid,
azelaic
acid)
being
primarily
responsible
discrimination
between
two
groups.
Histamine,
measure
immune
activation,
eightfold
(p<0.05).
Low
increased
Actinobacteria
richness
diversity,
decreased
relative
abundance
bacteria
involved
gas
consumption.
Conclusions
symptoms
are
linked
content
associated
alterations
metabolome.
In
subsets
patients,
FODMAPs
modulate
histamine
levels
microbiota,
both
which
could
alter
symptoms.
Trial
registration
number
NCT01829932.
Environmental Health Perspectives,
Год журнала:
2014,
Номер
122(8), С. 769 - 774
Опубликована: Март 21, 2014
Since
2001,
researchers
have
examined
the
human
genome
(G)
mainly
to
discover
causes
of
disease,
despite
evidence
that
G
explains
relatively
little
risk.
We
posit
unexplained
disease
risks
are
caused
by
exposome
(E;
representing
all
exposures)
and
×
E
interactions.
Thus,
etiologic
research
has
been
hampered
scientists'
continuing
reliance
on
low-tech
methods
characterize
compared
with
high-tech
omics
for
characterizing
G.
