From content moderation to visibility moderation: A case study of platform governance on TikTok

Policy & Internet, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(1), С. 79 - 95

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2022

Abstract TikTok, a short‐video app featuring video content typically between 15 and 60 s long, has become immensely popular around the world in last few years. However, worldwide popularity of TikTok requires platform to constantly negotiate with rules, norms regulatory frameworks regions where it operates. Failure do so had significant consequences. For example, for content‐related reasons, been (temporarily permanently) banned several countries, including India, Indonesia Pakistan. Moreover, its Chinese ownership among underage users have made subject heightened scrutiny criticism. In this paper, we introduce notion visibility moderation, defined as process through which digital platforms manipulate reach user‐generated algorithmic or means. We discuss particular measures implements shape issues arising from it. This paper presents findings interviews creators, takes user‐centric approach understand their sense‐making negotiation TikTok's moderation. Findings study also highlight concerns that leave these stakeholders feeling confused, frustrated powerless, offer important directions further research.

Язык: Английский

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A Trade-off-centered Framework of Content Moderation

ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 30(1), С. 1 - 34

Опубликована: Фев. 28, 2023

Content moderation research typically prioritizes representing and addressing challenges for one group of stakeholders or communities in type context. While taking a focused approach is reasonable even favorable empirical case studies, it does not address how content works multiple contexts. Through systematic literature review 86 papers that document we seek to uncover patterns tensions within past research. We find can be characterized as series trade-offs around actions, styles, philosophies, values. discuss facilitating cooperation preventing abuse, two key elements Grimmelmann's definition moderation, are inherently dialectical practice. close by showing researchers, designers, moderators use our framework their own work, arguing should central importance investigating designing moderation.

Язык: Английский

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Nipples, memes, and algorithmic failure: NSFW critique of Tumblr censorship

New Media & Society, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 24(6), С. 1459 - 1480

Опубликована: Дек. 15, 2020

In November 2018, after being suspended from Apple’s App Store for hosting child pornography, Tumblr announced its decision to ban all NSFW (not safe/suitable work) content with the aid of machine-learning classification. The opt strict terms use governing nudity and sexual depiction was as fast it drastic, leading quick erasure subcultural networks developed over a decade. This article maps out platform critiques on through combination visual digital methods. By analyzing 7306 posts made between 2018 (when new policy) August 2019 Verizon sold Automattic), we explore key stakes forms user resistance “porn ban” affective capacities user-generated mobilize engagement.

Язык: Английский

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Safety for Whom? Investigating How Platforms Frame and Perform Safety and Harm Interventions

Social Media + Society, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(4)

Опубликована: Окт. 1, 2022

This article reports on a thematic content analysis of 486 newsroom posts published between 2016 and 2021 by five prominent digital platforms (Facebook, Tinder, YouTube, TikTok, Twitter). We aimed to understand how these frame define the issues harm safety, identify interventions they publicly report introducing address issues. found that respond draw upon external controversies media panics selectively construct matters concern related safety harm. They then reactively propose solutions serve as justification for further investment in scaling up automated, data-intensive surveillance verification technologies. examine four key themes data: locating with bad actors discrete objects (Theme 1), framing policing 2), “borderline” through suppression strategies 3), performing diversity inclusion 4).

Язык: Английский

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Borderline content and platformised speech governance: Mapping TikTok's moderation controversies in South and Southeast Asia

Policy & Internet, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3), С. 543 - 566

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2024

Abstract Content moderation comes with trade‐offs and moral dilemmas, particularly for transnational platforms governing borderline content where the boundaries of acceptability are subject to debate. While extensive research has explored legality legitimacy platformised speech governance in established democracies, few address complexities less‐than‐democratic developing nations. Through sociolegal analysis controversy mapping TikTok's localised South Southeast Asia, study examines how major actors negotiate shifting online speech. The reveals that neither platform nor regional states well‐positioned achieve sound content. Primarily, TikTok localises its based on pragmatic necessity rather than obligations, deliberately sidestepping contentious political controversies. Governments demonstrate determined efforts control discourse, leveraging legal uncertainty further agendas. Thus, local often relies vague rationales around securitisation morality. contradictory motives (de)politicising seemingly counterbalance each other, yet practice lead an accountability vacuum legitimate interests sidelined. Given lack normative common ground, ensuring procedural justice encouraging civic participation essential counteract rhetoric rationalises imposition certain norms hinging imbalanced power.

Язык: Английский

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Personal but Not Private

Oxford University Press eBooks, Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

Abstract Personal but Not Private is about how people put themselves out there on social media despite the challenges of negotiating overlapping and unknown audiences within platforms’ technological, social, economic, political contexts. Focusing queer women’s use mobile apps, book develops concept identity modulation: processes through which platforms modulate—adjust or modify—personal intimate information. Through qualitative digital traditional research methods, modulation investigated in Tinder, a dating hook-up app; Instagram, photo- video-sharing Vine, an app that enjoyed brief stint popularity for its short, looping videos. Across these involves users shaping particular dynamics personal identifiability, reach, salience relation to self-representations. Tinder intensifies identifiability by importing profile information from other platforms. Instagram Vine are configured extend users’ reach attention-grabbing formats while particular, facilitated salient expressions sexuality statements. Queer women responded affordances, making apps work their aims forming relationships, increasing economic participation, countering intersecting forms oppression. However, platform designs, business models, governance approaches placed limitations agency modulation. These findings point need sociotechnical changes give individuals greater control over as means fully realize world-making potential.

Язык: Английский

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Critical simulation as hybrid digital method for exploring the data operations and vernacular cultures of visual social media platforms

Опубликована: Ноя. 6, 2021

In this paper we outline and demonstrate the critical simulation approach to understanding data operations of visual social media platforms. We situate within field platform studies position it as a ‘hybrid digital method’, before describing its application for descriptive, forensic speculative purposes in two current research projects: one that uses machine vision combined with mixed-methods qualitative explore Instagram’s algorithmic culture; combines automated donation Facebook’s ad targeting practices.

Язык: Английский

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Impact of social media platforms on international public opinion during the Israel war on Gaza

Global Change Peace & Security, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown, С. 1 - 27

Опубликована: Дек. 17, 2024

The impact of social media platforms such as X and Instagram was investigated to understand the intricate details Israel war on Gaza in 2023. study focuses five significant hashtags: #FreePalestine, #CeasefireNOW, #GazaUnderAttack, #StandWithPalestine, mobile guidance maps #PalestinianLivesMatter. A mixed-methods approach used analyze discourse during Israel-Gaza conflict from October 1 December 20, Data were collected using APIs like Brand24 Talkwalker track engagement metrics. Sampling focused influential accounts capture diverse perspectives. quantitative analysis involved sentiment statistics, while qualitative identified key themes narratives through hashtag tracking content classification. results show that users are completely tune with solidarity coalition between international communities Palestine. At same time, popular have been selected for investigation since they play a role providing original/unedited views conflict. Such research brings light profound influence altering public concepts about empathy. Highlighting these platforms' geopolitical discourse, provides summary covering various aspects. It also makes important findings deepen understanding hashtags reflect global digital dialogue examined highlight how operates disseminating agent advances peace by placing importance constructing collective narrative exerting over periods

Язык: Английский

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Addressing Disconnection: Automated Decision-Making, Administrative Law and Regulatory Reform

University of New South Wales Law Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 44(3)

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2021

Automation is transforming how government agencies make decisions. This article analyses three distinctive features of automated decision-making that are difficult to reconcile with key doctrines administrative law developed for a human-centric context. First, the complex, multi-faceted requirements arising from statutory interpretation and principles raise questions about feasibility designing systems cohere these expectations. Secondly, whilst courts have emphasised human mental process as criterion valid decision, many decisions made limited or no input. Thirdly, new types bias associated opaque not easily accommodated by rule, other relevant grounds judicial review. article, therefore, argues doctrinal regulatory evolution both needed address disconnections maintain accountability contestability in digital age.

Язык: Английский

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Mandate to overblock? Understanding the impact of the European Union's Article 17 on copyright content moderation on YouTube

Policy & Internet, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 16(2), С. 362 - 383

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2023

Abstract This article presents the results of a study measuring possible overblocking due to copyright moderation and changes in diversity cultural products supply on YouTube two European Union (EU) member states comparable size population, Germany France. Both have adopted Article 17 EU Copyright Digital Single Market (CDSM) Directive (CDSMD) but was 5 months ahead France changing its legislative regime for large social media platforms content moderation. The assesses how takedowns that were likely connected differed these countries this might been influenced by greater linked implementation CDSMD. Furthermore, according genre examined applying Stirling's model using dual‐concept index. To best authors' knowledge, is first attempt measure predicted YouTube's infrastructure since new rules came into force EU. findings show during period examined, 2019–2022, significant differences identified between terms videos from categories prone In addition, content‐level diversity, measured (channel categories), number videos, subscribers, decreased available both more so than also makes methodological contribution field reusing previously collected data explore within framework economics. Platforms' practices potential impacts they are notoriously difficult study, research establishes frameworks further exploration.

Язык: Английский

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