Fight hard or die trying: when plants face pathogens under heat stress

New Phytologist, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 229(2), С. 712 - 734

Опубликована: Сен. 27, 2020

In their natural environment, plants are exposed to biotic or abiotic stresses that occur sequentially simultaneously. Plant responses these have been studied widely and well characterised in simplified systems involving single plant species facing individual stress. Temperature elevation is a major driver of climate change scenarios predicted an increase the number severity epidemics. this context, here we review available data on effect heat stress plant-pathogen interactions. Considering 45 studies performed model crop species, discuss possible implications optimum growth temperature hosts pathogens, mode application variation resistance modulations. Alarmingly, most identified resistances altered under elevation, regardless pathogen species. Therefore, listed current knowledge heat-dependent immune mechanisms thermosensory processes, mainly animals human could help understand outcome interactions elevated temperatures. Based general overview involved integrating multiple with provide recommendations optimise disease identify thermotolerant mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

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The Destructive Fungal Pathogen Botrytis cinerea—Insights from Genes Studied with Mutant Analysis

Pathogens, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 9(11), С. 923 - 923

Опубликована: Ноя. 7, 2020

Botrytis cinerea is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens affecting numerous plant hosts, including many important crop species. As a molecularly under-studied organism, its genome was only sequenced at beginning this century and it recently updated with improved gene annotation completeness. In review, we summarize key molecular studies on B. developmental pathogenesis processes, specifically genes studied comprehensively mutant analysis. Analyses these have unveiled in biological processes pathogen, hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, conidiation, pathogenicity melanization. addition, our synthesis has uncovered gaps present knowledge regarding development virulence mechanisms. We hope review will serve to enhance mechanisms behind notorious pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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The infection cushion of Botrytis cinerea: a fungal ‘weapon’ of plant‐biomass destruction

Environmental Microbiology, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 23(4), С. 2293 - 2314

Опубликована: Фев. 7, 2021

The necrotrophic plant-pathogen fungus Botrytis cinerea produces multicellular appressoria dedicated to plant penetration, named infection cushions (IC). A microarray analysis was performed identify genes upregulated in mature IC. expression data were validated by RT-qPCR vitro and planta, proteomic of the IC secretome biochemical assays. 1231 79 up-accumulated proteins identified. support secretion effectors IC: phytotoxins, ROS, proteases, cutinases, cell wall-degrading enzymes death-inducing proteins. Parallel upregulation sugar transport catabolism-encoding would indicate a role nutrition. also reveal substantial remodelling wall suggest for melanin chitosan function. Lastly, mutagenesis two identified secreted fasciclin-like as actors pathogenesis B. cinerea. These results penetration introduce other unexpected functions this fungal organ, colonization, necrotrophy nutrition pathogen.

Язык: Английский

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Histone modification dynamics at H3K27 are associated with altered transcription of in planta induced genes in Magnaporthe oryzae

PLoS Genetics, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 17(2), С. e1009376 - e1009376

Опубликована: Фев. 3, 2021

Transcriptional dynamic in response to environmental and developmental cues are fundamental biology, yet many mechanistic aspects poorly understood. One such example is fungal plant pathogens, which use secreted proteins small molecules, termed effectors, suppress host immunity promote colonization. Effectors highly expressed planta but remain transcriptionally repressed ex , our understanding of these transcriptional dynamics remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that repressive histone modification at H3-Lys27 underlies silencing exchange for an active chemical contributes transcription induced genes. Using genetics, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing RNA-sequencing, we determined H3K27me3 provides significant local repression. detail how regions lose gain H3K27ac, changes associated with increased transcription. Importantly, observed genes were marked by during axenic growth, altered H3K27 influences ChIP-qPCR growth suggests modifications generally stable, can undergo specific genomic locations. Our results support genome regulation specifically important infection.

Язык: Английский

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Network organization of the plant immune system: from pathogen perception to robust defense induction

The Plant Journal, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 109(2), С. 447 - 470

Опубликована: Авг. 16, 2021

The plant immune system has been explored essentially through the study of qualitative resistance, a simple form immunity, and from reductionist point view. recent identification genes conferring quantitative disease resistance revealed large array functions, suggesting more complex mechanisms. In addition, thanks to advent high-throughput analyses approaches, our view become integrative, revealing that immunity should rather be seen as distributed highly connected molecular network including diverse functions optimize expression defenses pathogens. Here, we review progress made understand complexity regulatory pathways leading pathogen perception, signaling finally responses. We also analyze topological organization these networks their emergent properties, crucial predict novel test them experimentally. Finally, report how might regulated by environmental clues. Although approaches remain extremely scarce in this area research, growing body evidence indicates response combined biotic abiotic stresses cannot inferred responses individual stresses. A possible research avenues nascent biology domain is proposed.

Язык: Английский

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Multidimensional gene regulatory landscape of a bacterial pathogen in plants

Nature Plants, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 6(7), С. 883 - 896

Опубликована: Июнь 15, 2020

Язык: Английский

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Host susceptibility factors render ripe tomato fruit vulnerable to fungal disease despite active immune responses

Journal of Experimental Botany, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 72(7), С. 2696 - 2709

Опубликована: Дек. 19, 2020

Abstract The increased susceptibility of ripe fruit to fungal pathogens poses a substantial threat crop production and marketability. Here, we coupled transcriptomic analyses with mutant studies uncover critical processes associated defense in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Using unripe inoculated three pathogens, identified common pathogen responses reliant on chitinases, WRKY transcription factors, reactive oxygen species detoxification. We established that the magnitude diversity do not significantly impact interaction outcome, as susceptible mounted strong immune response infection. Then, distinguish features ripening may be responsible for susceptibility, utilized non-ripening mutants displayed different patterns Based transcriptional hormone profiling, genotypes had losses maintenance cellular redox homeostasis, while jasmonic acid accumulation signaling coincided activation resistant validated factor, pectate lyase (PL). CRISPR-based knockouts PL, but polygalacturonase (PG2a), reduced by >50%. This study suggests targeting specific genes promote is viable strategy improve resistance against disease.

Язык: Английский

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The function of the plant cell wall in plant–microbe interactions

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 192, С. 273 - 284

Опубликована: Окт. 18, 2022

The plant cell wall is an interface of plant-microbe interactions. ability microbes to decompose polysaccharides contributes microbial pathogenicity. Plants have evolved mechanisms prevent degradation. However, the role in interactions not well understood. Here, we discuss four functions wall-physical defence, storage antimicrobial compounds, production wall-derived elicitors, and provision carbon sources-in context In addition, families surface receptors associated with walls (malectin-like receptor kinase family, wall-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like lysin motif family) that been subject several important studies recent years. This review summarises findings on both immunity, improving our understanding may provide impetus various researchers.

Язык: Английский

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Genetic and molecular landscapes of the generalist phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea

Molecular Plant Pathology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 25(1)

Опубликована: Дек. 1, 2023

Abstract Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana ) is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that attacks wide range of plants. This updated profile explores the extensive genetic diversity B. , highlights progress in genome sequencing, and provides current knowledge molecular mechanisms employed by fungus to attack its hosts. In addition, we also discuss recent innovative strategies combat . Taxonomy Kingdom: Fungi, phylum: Ascomycota, subphylum: Pezizomycotina, class: Leotiomycetes, order: Helotiales, family: Sclerotiniaceae, genus: species: Host infects almost all plant groups (angiosperms, gymnosperms, pteridophytes, bryophytes). To date, 1606 species have been identified as hosts Genetic polyphagous necrotroph has at population levels shaped climate, geography, host variation. Pathogenicity architecture virulence specificity polygenic using multiple weapons target hosts, including secretory proteins, complex signal transduction pathways, metabolites, mobile small RNA. Disease control Efforts being high‐diversity generalist pathogen, are complicated. However, integrated disease management combine cultural practices, chemical biological controls, use appropriate crop varieties will lessen yield losses. Recently, studies conducted worldwide explored potential RNA an efficient environmentally friendly approach for combating grey mould. additional research necessary, especially on risk assessment regulatory frameworks, fully harness this technology.

Язык: Английский

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Botcinic acid biosynthesis in Botrytis cinerea relies on a subtelomeric gene cluster surrounded by relics of transposons and is regulated by the Zn2Cys6 transcription factor BcBoa13

Current Genetics, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 65(4), С. 965 - 980

Опубликована: Март 8, 2019

Язык: Английский

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