Investigators
conducting
behavioral
experiments
often
need
precise
control
over
the
timing
of
delivery
stimuli
to
subjects
and
collect
times
subsequent
responses.
Furthermore,
investigators
want
fine-tuned
how
various
multi-modal
cues
are
presented.
behaviorMate
takes
an
“Intranet
Things”
approach,
using
a
networked
system
hardware
software
components
for
achieving
these
goals.
The
outputs
file
with
integrated
timestamp-event
pairs
that
can
then
format
process
their
own
analysis
pipelines.
We
present
overview
electronic
GUI
application
make
up
as
well
mechanical
designs
compatible
experimental
rigs
provide
reader
ability
set
system.
A
wide
variety
paradigms
supported,
including
goal-oriented
learning,
random
foraging,
context
switching.
demonstrate
behaviorMate’s
utility
reliability
range
use
cases
from
several
published
studies
benchmark
tests.
Finally,
we
validation
demonstrating
different
modalities
hippocampal
place
field
studies.
Both
treadmill
burlap
belt
virtual
reality
running
wheel
were
performed
confirm
efficacy
flexibility
approach.
Previous
solutions
rely
on
proprietary
systems
may
have
large
upfront
costs
or
frameworks
require
customized
be
developed.
uses
open-source
flexible
configuration
mitigate
both
concerns.
has
proven
record
head-fixed
imaging
could
easily
adopted
task
in
situations.
Mammalian
visual
behaviors,
as
well
responses
in
the
neural
systems
underlying
these
are
driven
by
luminance
and
color
contrast.
With
constantly
improving
tools
for
measuring
activity
cell-type-specific
populations
mouse
during
behavior,
it
is
important
to
define
extent
of
information
that
behaviorally
accessible
mouse.
A
non-uniform
distribution
cone
opsins
retina
potentially
complicates
both
sensitivity;
opposing
gradients
short
(UV-shifted)
middle
(blue/green)
suggest
discrimination
wavelength-specific
contrast
sensitivity
may
differ
with
retinotopic
location.
Here
we
ask
how
mice
can
discriminate
changes
across
visuotopic
space.
We
found
were
able
do
so
more
broadly
space
than
expected
from
cone-opsin
distribution.
also
wavelength-band-specific
differences
sensitivity.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2023
The
detection
of
novel
stimuli
is
critical
to
learn
and
survive
in
a
dynamic
environment.
Though
powerfully
affect
brain
activity,
their
impact
on
specific
cell
types
circuits
not
well
understood.
Disinhibition
one
candidate
mechanism
for
novelty-induced
enhancements
activity.
Here
we
characterize
the
stimulus
novelty
disinhibitory
circuit
components
using
longitudinal
2-photon
calcium
imaging
Vip,
Sst,
excitatory
populations
mouse
visual
cortex.
Mice
behavioral
task
with
that
become
highly
familiar,
then
are
tested
both
familiar
stimuli.
consistently
perform
stimuli,
yet
responses
presentations
omissions
dramatically
altered.
Further,
find
modifies
coding
as
information.
At
population
level,
direction
these
changes
consistent
engagement
Vip-Sst
circuit.
single
identify
separate
clusters
cells
unique
patterns
changes.
This
study
accompanying
open-access
dataset
reveals
sensory
representations
cortical
establishes
key
driver
cellular
functional
diversity.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(4), С. 114115 - 114115
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
In
the
CA1
hippocampus,
vasoactive
intestinal
polypeptide-expressing
interneurons
(VIP-INs)
play
a
prominent
role
in
disinhibitory
circuit
motifs.
However,
specific
behavioral
conditions
that
lead
to
disinhibition
remain
uncertain.
To
investigate
relevance
of
VIP-IN
activity,
we
employed
wireless
technologies
allowing
us
monitor
and
manipulate
their
function
freely
behaving
mice.
Our
findings
reveal
that,
during
spatial
exploration
new
environments,
VIP-INs
hippocampal
region
become
highly
active,
facilitating
rapid
encoding
novel
information.
Remarkably,
both
pyramidal
neurons
(PNs)
exhibit
increased
activity
when
encountering
changes
environment,
including
context-
object-related
alterations.
Concurrently,
somatostatin-
parvalbumin-expressing
inhibitory
populations
show
an
inverse
relationship
with
PN
revealing
occurs
on
timescale
seconds.
Thus,
VIP-IN-mediated
may
constitute
crucial
element
novelty
acquisition
recognition
memory.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
15(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 24, 2024
Abstract
The
hippocampus
is
the
brain’s
center
for
episodic
memories.
Its
subregions,
dentate
gyrus
and
CA1-3,
are
differentially
involved
in
memory
encoding
recall.
Hippocampal
principal
cells
represent
features
like
movement,
space,
context,
but
less
known
about
GABAergic
interneurons.
Here,
we
performed
two-photon
calcium
imaging
of
parvalbumin-
somatostatin-expressing
interneurons
CA1-3
male
mice
exploring
virtual
environments.
Parvalbumin-interneurons
increased
activity
with
running-speed
reduced
it
novel
Somatostatin-interneurons
behaved
similar
to
parvalbumin-expressing
cells,
their
counterparts
during
rest
Congruently,
chemogenetic
silencing
parvalbumin-interneurons
had
prominent
effects
familiar
contexts,
while
similarity
granule
cell
representations
between
Our
data
indicate
unique
roles
somatostatin-positive
that
distinct
from
those
may
support
routing
information.
Biomolecules,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
12(2), С. 312 - 312
Опубликована: Фев. 15, 2022
Despite
the
obvious
differences
in
pathophysiology
of
distinct
neuropsychiatric
diseases
or
neurodegenerative
disorders,
some
them
share
general
but
pivotal
mechanisms,
one
which
is
disruption
excitation/inhibition
balance.
Such
an
imbalance
can
be
generated
by
changes
inhibitory
system,
very
often
mediated
somatostatin-containing
interneurons
(SOM-INs).
In
physiology,
this
group
interneurons,
as
well
somatostatin
itself,
profoundly
shapes
brain
activity,
thus
influencing
behavior
and
plasticity;
however,
number,
density
activity
SOM-INs
levels
are
found
throughout
many
neurological
conditions,
both
patients
animal
models.
Here,
we
(1)
briefly
describe
somatostatinergic
characterizing
neuropeptide
its
receptors
functions,
physiology
circuitry
SOM-INs;
(2)
summarize
effects
physiological
processes
pathological
focusing
primarily
on
learning-induced
plasticity
encompassing
selected
neuropsychological
respectively.
The
presented
data
indicate
somatostatinergic-system-mediated
inhibition
a
substantial
factor
mechanisms
neuroplasticity,
disrupted
plethora
pathologies.