PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
21(9), С. e3002301 - e3002301
Опубликована: Сен. 18, 2023
Motion
is
an
important
aspect
of
visual
information.
The
directions
motion
are
encoded
in
the
retina
by
direction-selective
ganglion
cells
(DSGCs).
ON-OFF
DSGCs
and
ON
co-stratify
with
starburst
amacrine
(SACs)
inner
plexiform
layer
depend
on
SACs
for
their
direction
selectivity.
J-type
retinal
(J-RGCs),
a
type
OFF
mouse
retina,
other
hand,
do
not
SACs,
how
selectivity
J-RGCs
emerges
has
been
understood.
Here,
we
report
that
both
excitatory
inhibitory
synaptic
inputs
to
(DS),
playing
more
role
DS
come
from
functional
connections
between
spatially
asymmetric.
Thus,
form
functionally
contacts
even
though
dendritic
arbors
show
little
overlap.
These
findings
underscore
need
look
beyond
neurons’
stratification
patterns
circuit
studies.
Our
results
also
highlight
critical
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
533(1)
Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Direction
selectivity
is
a
fundamental
feature
in
the
visual
system.
In
retina,
direction
independently
computed
by
ON
and
OFF
circuits.
However,
advantages
of
extracting
directional
information
from
these
two
independent
circuits
are
unclear.
To
gain
insights,
we
examined
ON–OFF
direction‐selective
ganglion
cells
(DSGCs),
which
recombine
signals
both
Specifically,
investigated
dendritic
architecture
neurons
with
premise
that
asymmetries
will
provide
insights
into
function.
Scrutinizing
dendrites
dye‐filled
DSGCs
reveals
arbors
substantially
denser.
The
increase
density
can
be
primarily
attributed
to
higher
branching
seen
arbors.
Further,
analysis
previously
published
serial
block‐face
electron
microscopy
dataset
revealed
denser
packed
more
bipolar
synapses
per
unit
length.
These
suggest
DSGC
preferentially
magnifies
synaptic
drive
pathway,
potentially
allowing
it
encode
distinct
pathway.
Current Biology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
32(10), С. 2130 - 2143.e3
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022
The
sensory
periphery
is
responsible
for
detecting
ethologically
relevant
features
of
the
external
world,
using
compact,
predominantly
feedforward
circuits.
Visual
motion
a
particularly
prevalent
feature,
presence
which
can
be
signal
to
enact
diverse
behaviors
ranging
from
gaze
stabilization
reflexes
predator
avoidance
or
prey
capture.
To
understand
how
retina
constructs
distinct
neural
representations
required
these
behaviors,
we
investigated
two
circuits
encoding
different
aspects
image
motion:
ON
and
ON-OFF
direction-selective
ganglion
cells
(DSGCs).
Using
combination
two-photon
targeted
whole-cell
electrophysiology,
pharmacology,
conditional
knockout
mice,
show
that
inhibitory
pathways
independently
control
tuning
velocity
direction
in
cell
types.
We
further
employ
dynamic
clamp
numerical
modeling
techniques
asymmetric
inhibition
provides
velocity-invariant
mechanism
directional
tuning,
despite
strong
dependence
classical
models
selectivity.
therefore
demonstrate
invariant
by
interneurons
act
as
computational
building
blocks
construct
distinct,
behaviorally
signals
at
earliest
stages
visual
system.
Mathematics,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
11(17), С. 3732 - 3732
Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2023
Some
fundamental
visual
features
have
been
found
to
be
fully
extracted
before
reaching
the
cerebral
cortex.
We
focus
on
direction-selective
ganglion
cells
(DSGCs),
which
exist
at
terminal
end
of
retinal
pathway,
forefront
system.
By
utilizing
a
layered
pathway
composed
various
relevant
in
early
stage
retina,
DSGCs
can
extract
multiple
motion
directions
occurring
field.
However,
despite
considerable
amount
comprehensive
research
(from
structures),
definitive
conclusion
explaining
specific
details
underlying
mechanisms
has
not
reached.
In
this
paper,
leveraging
some
important
conclusions
from
neuroscience
research,
we
propose
complete
quantified
model
for
direction
selection
and
elucidate
global
information
acquisition
mechanism
cortex
using
simple
spiking
neural
mechanism.
This
is
referred
as
artificial
system
(AVS).
conduct
extensive
testing,
including
one
million
sets
two-dimensional
eight-directional
binary
object
instances
with
10
different
sizes
random
shapes.
also
evaluate
AVS’s
noise
resistance
generalization
performance
by
introducing
static
dynamic
noises.
Furthermore,
thoroughly
validate
efficiency,
compare
its
two
state-of-the-art
deep
learning
algorithms
(LeNet-5
EfficientNetB0)
all
tests.
The
experimental
results
demonstrate
that
due
highly
biomimetic
design
characteristics,
AVS
exhibits
outstanding
detection.
Additionally,
possesses
computing
advantages
terms
hardware
implementation,
difficulty,
parameter
quantity.
Visual
information
processing
is
sculpted
by
a
diverse
group
of
inhibitory
interneurons
in
the
retina
called
amacrine
cells.
Yet,
for
most
>60
cell
types,
molecular
identities
and
specialized
functional
attributes
remain
elusive.
Here,
we
developed
an
intersectional
genetic
strategy
to
target
wide-field
cells
(WACs)
mouse
that
co-express
transcription
factor
Bhlhe22
Kappa
Opioid
Receptor
(KOR;
B/K
WACs).
WACs
feature
straight,
unbranched
dendrites
spanning
over
0.5
mm
(∼15°
visual
angle)
produce
non-spiking
responses
either
light
increments
or
decrements.
Two-photon
dendritic
population
imaging
reveals
Ca
2+
signals
tuned
physical
orientations
WAC
dendrites,
signifying
robust
structure-function
alignment.
establish
divergent
connections
with
multiple
retinal
neurons,
including
unexpected
non-orientation-tuned
ganglion
bipolar
Our
work
sets
stage
future
comprehensive
investigations
enigmatic
neurons:
WACs.
Neuroforum,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
28(1), С. 21 - 30
Опубликована: Дек. 30, 2021
Abstract
Single
neurons
in
the
brain
exhibit
astounding
computational
capabilities,
which
gradually
emerge
throughout
development
and
enable
them
to
become
integrated
into
complex
neural
circuits.
These
capabilities
derive
part
from
precise
arrangement
of
synaptic
inputs
on
neurons’
dendrites.
While
full
benefits
this
are
still
unknown,
a
picture
emerges
synapses
organize
according
their
functional
properties
across
multiple
spatial
scales.
In
particular,
local
scale
(tens
microns),
excitatory
tend
form
clusters
similarity,
whereas
individual
dendrites
or
entire
tree,
dendritic
maps
where
synapse
function
varies
smoothly
with
location
tree.
The
organization
is
supported
by
inhibitory
synapses,
carefully
interleaved
can
flexibly
modulate
activity
plasticity
synapses.
Here,
we
summarize
recent
experimental
theoretical
research
developmental
emergence
its
impact
computations.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2020,
Номер
14
Опубликована: Ноя. 26, 2020
Direction
selectivity
represents
an
elementary
sensory
computation
that
can
be
related
to
underlying
synaptic
mechanisms.
In
mammalian
retina,
direction-selective
ganglion
cells
(DSGCs)
respond
strongly
visual
motion
in
a
“preferred”
direction
and
weakly
the
opposite,
“null”
direction.
The
DS
mechanism
depends
on
starburst
amacrine
(SACs),
which
provide
null
direction-tuned
GABAergic
inhibition
untuned
cholinergic
excitation
DSGCs.
conventional
transmission,
whereas
apparently
paracrine
(i.e.,
non-synaptic)
transmission.
Despite
its
mode
of
is
more
transient
than
inhibition,
yielding
temporal
difference
contributes
essentially
computation.
To
isolate
mechanisms
generate
distinct
properties
transmission
from
SACs
DSGCs,
we
optogenetically
stimulated
while
recording
postsynaptic
currents
(PSCs)
DSGCs
mouse
retina.
Direct
recordings
channelrhodopsin-2-expressing
(ChR2
+
)
during
quasi-white
noise
(WN)
(0-30
Hz)
photostimulation
demonstrated
precise,
graded
optogenetic
control
SAC
membrane
current
potential.
Linear
systems
analysis
ChR2-evoked
PSCs
recorded
revealed
faster
A
deconvolution-based
showed
receptor
kinetics
fully
account
for
between
Furthermore,
GABA
blockade
prolonged
identifying
new
functional
role
SACs.
Thus,
fast
arises
at
least
two
mechanisms,
consistent
with
synapses
despite
nature.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
38(8), С. 110412 - 110412
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2022
A
neuron's
ability
to
perform
parallel
computations
throughout
its
dendritic
arbor
substantially
improves
computational
capacity.
However,
during
natural
patterns
of
activity,
the
degree
which
remain
compartmentalized,
especially
in
neurons
with
active
trees,
is
not
clear.
Here,
we
examine
how
direction
moving
objects
computed
across
bistratified
arbors
ON-OFF
direction-selective
ganglion
cells
(DSGCs)
mouse
retina.
We
find
that
although
local
synaptic
signals
propagate
efficiently
their
one
part
have
little
effect
on
those
being
made
elsewhere.
Independent
processing
allows
DSGCs
compute
multiple
times
as
they
traverse
receptive
fields,
enabling
them
rapidly
detect
changes
motion
a
sub-receptive-field
basis.
These
results
demonstrate
capacity
can
be
maintained
even
periods
intense
activity.
Electronics,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
10(14), С. 1663 - 1663
Опубликована: Июль 13, 2021
Previous
studies
have
reported
that
directionally
selective
ganglion
cells
respond
strongly
in
their
preferred
direction,
but
are
only
weakly
excited
by
stimuli
moving
the
opposite
null
direction.
Various
attempted
to
elucidate
mechanisms
underlying
direction
selectivity
with
cellular
basis.
However,
these
not
elucidated
mechanism
motion
detection.
In
this
study,
we
propose
based
on
Barlow’s
inhibitory
scheme
for
We
described
local
motion-sensing
direction-selective
neurons.
Next,
model
was
used
construct
two-dimensional
multi-directional
detection
neurons
which
detect
directions.
The
information
of
directions
finally
infer
global
To
verify
validity
proposed
mechanism,
conducted
a
series
experiments
involving
dataset
number
images.
exhibited
good
performance
all
high
accuracy.
Furthermore,
compare
our
system
and
traditional
Convolution
Neural
Network
(CNN)
prediction.
It
is
found
much
better
than
CNN
terms
accuracy,
calculation
speed
cost.
Visual
information
processing
is
sculpted
by
a
diverse
group
of
inhibitory
interneurons
in
the
retina
called
amacrine
cells.
Yet,
for
most
>60
cell
types,
molecular
identities
and
specialized
functional
attributes
remain
elusive.
Here,
we
developed
an
intersectional
genetic
strategy
to
target
wide-field
cells
(WACs)
mouse
that
co-express
transcription
factor
Bhlhe22
Kappa
Opioid
Receptor
(KOR;
B/K
WACs).
WACs
feature
straight,
unbranched
dendrites
spanning
over
0.5
mm
(∼15°
visual
angle)
produce
non-spiking
responses
either
light
increments
or
decrements.
Two-photon
dendritic
population
imaging
reveals
Ca
2+
signals
tuned
physical
orientations
WAC
dendrites,
signifying
robust
structure-function
alignment.
establish
divergent
connections
with
multiple
retinal
neurons,
including
unexpected
non-orientation-tuned
ganglion
bipolar
Our
work
sets
stage
future
comprehensive
investigations
enigmatic
neurons:
WACs.
Neuron,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
110(17), С. 2802 - 2814.e3
Опубликована: Июль 7, 2022
Dendritic
computations
have
a
central
role
in
neuronal
function,
but
it
is
unknown
how
cell-class
heterogeneity
of
dendritic
electrical
excitability
shapes
physiologically
engaged
and
circuit
computations.
To
address
this,
we
examined
integration
closely
related
classes
retinal
ganglion
cells
(GCs)
using
simultaneous
somato-dendritic
recording
techniques
functionally
intact
circuit.
Simultaneous
recordings
revealed
sustained
OFF-GCs
generated
powerful
spikes
response
to
visual
input
that
drove
action
potential
firing.
In
contrast,
the
dendrites
transient
were
passive
did
not
generate
spikes.
spike
generation
allowed
sustained,
transient,
signal
into
output
local
motion
stimuli
produce
continuous
wave
firing
adjacent
as
images
moved
across
retina.
Conversely,
this
representation
was
highly
fragmented
OFF-GCs.
Thus,
defines
executed
by
GCs.