Considering sex as a biological variable will require a global shift in science culture

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 24(4), С. 457 - 464

Опубликована: Март 1, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Reporting and misreporting of sex differences in the biological sciences

eLife, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 2, 2021

As part of an initiative to improve rigor and reproducibility in biomedical research, the U.S. National Institutes Health now requires consideration sex as a biological variable preclinical studies. This new policy has been interpreted by some call compare males females with each other. Researchers testing for differences may not be trained do so, however, increasing risk misinterpretation results. Using list recently published articles curated Woitowich et al. (eLife, 2020; 9:e56344), we examined reports non-differences across nine disciplines. Sex were claimed majority 147 analyzed; statistical evidence supporting those was often missing. For example, when sex-specific effect manipulation claimed, authors usually had tested statistically whether responded differently. Thus, effects over-reported. In contrast, also encountered practices that could mask differences, such pooling sexes without first difference. Our findings support need continuing efforts train researchers how test report order promote research.Biomedical research long history including only men or male laboratory animals To address this disparity, United States (NIH) rolled out 2016 called Biological Variable (or SABV). The funded NIH include every experiment unless there is strong justification to, studies ovarian cancer. Since then, number papers both continued grow. Although does require investigators females, many have SABV so. led would otherwise unrecognized ignored. However, on best their data, if data are analyzed appropriately lead misleading interpretations. Here, Garcia-Sifuentes Maney methods 2019 included females. They discovered more than half these reported but claims always backed evidence. Indeed, large (more 70%) describing treatment, impact treatment actually compared between sexes. suggests instances where masked due from being pooled together difference first. These reveal easy it draw conclusions sex-based data. hope work raises awareness issue encourages development training materials researchers.

Язык: Английский

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An analysis of neuroscience and psychiatry papers published from 2009 and 2019 outlines opportunities for increasing discovery of sex differences

Nature Communications, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2022

Sex differences exist in many neurological and psychiatric diseases, but these have not always been addressed adequately research. In order to address this, it is necessary consider how sex incorporated into the design (e.g. using a balanced design) analyses as covariate) published literature. We surveyed papers 2009 2019 across six journals neuroscience psychiatry. this sample, we find 30% increase percentage of reporting studies that included both sexes compared with 2009. Despite increase, only 19% sample reported an optimal for discovery possible differences, 5% analysed variable. conclude progress date has sufficient importance research therapeutic potential disease.

Язык: Английский

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Let’s talk about sex: Differences in drug therapy in males and females

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 175, С. 113804 - 113804

Опубликована: Май 18, 2021

Язык: Английский

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Confronting racially exclusionary practices in the acquisition and analyses of neuroimaging data

Nature Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 26(1), С. 4 - 11

Опубликована: Дек. 23, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Sex hormone signaling and regulation of immune function

Immunity, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 56(11), С. 2472 - 2491

Опубликована: Ноя. 1, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 20(1), С. 37 - 55

Опубликована: Ноя. 22, 2023

Язык: Английский

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Sex contextualism in laboratory research: Enhancing rigor and precision in the study of sex-related variables

Cell, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 187(6), С. 1316 - 1326

Опубликована: Март 1, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Phenotypic sexual dimorphism in response to dietary fat manipulation in C57BL/6J mice

Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 35(2), С. 107795 - 107795

Опубликована: Ноя. 28, 2020

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are increasingly prevalent in society their complications response to treatment exhibit sexual dimorphism. Mouse models of high fat diet-induced obesity commonly used for both mechanistic therapeutic studies disease diabetes. However, inclusion female mammals research has not been a common practice, resulted paucity data regarding effect sex on parameters its applicability humans. Here we analyzed male C57BL/6 J mice beginning at 4 weeks age that were placed low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), Western Diet (WD, 45% or (HFD, 60% fat). Assessments body composition, glucose homeostasis, insulin production, energy metabolism, as well histological analyses pancreata performed. Both had similar increases total percent weight gain with WD HFD compared LFD, however, gained earlier upon feeding mice. Male maintained caloric food intake while reducing locomotor activity either whereas increased feeding. Locomotor did significantly change feeding, yet exhibited expenditure fed Glucose tolerance tests performed 4, 12 20 dietary intervention revealed impaired was worse females. Furthermore, an increase pancreatic β cell area reduced sensitivity after not. strikingly different responses weight, consumption, activity, adaptation manipulation, latter exhibiting less striking phenotypic changes. We conclude nature these emphasizes need contextualize pathophysiology respect sex.

Язык: Английский

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Genome-Wide Sex and Gender Differences in Cancer

Frontiers in Oncology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 10

Опубликована: Ноя. 23, 2020

Despite their known importance in clinical medicine, differences based on sex and gender are among the least studied factors affecting cancer susceptibility, progression, survival, therapeutic response. In particular, molecular mechanisms driving poorly understood so most approaches to precision medicine use mutational or other genomic data assign therapy without considering how of individual might influence efficacy. The mandate by National Institutes Health that research studies include as a biological variable has begun expand our understanding its importance. Sex may arise due combination environmental, genetic, epigenetic factors, well gene regulation, expression. Extensive occur genome-wide, ultimately biology outcomes. this review, we summarize current state knowledge about sex-specific genetic genome-wide influences cancer, describe response environmental exposures alterations alter trajectory disease, provide insights into integrative analyses interplay genomics cancer. will explore some emerging analytical approaches, such network methods, providing deeper drivers gender. Better these complex interactions improve prevention, treatment, outcomes for all individuals.

Язык: Английский

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