PLoS Biology,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
19(11), С. e3001444 - e3001444
Опубликована: Ноя. 18, 2021
Glial
cells
are
essential
for
functionality
of
the
nervous
system.
Growing
evidence
underscores
importance
astrocytes;
however,
analogous
astroglia
in
peripheral
organs
poorly
understood.
Using
confocal
time-lapse
imaging,
fate
mapping,
and
mutant
genesis
a
zebrafish
model,
we
identify
neural
crest-derived
glial
cell,
termed
nexus
glia,
which
utilizes
Meteorin
signaling
via
Jak/Stat3
to
drive
differentiation
regulate
heart
rate
rhythm.
Nexus
glia
labeled
with
gfap,
glast,
glutamine
synthetase,
markers
that
typically
denote
cells.
Further,
analysis
single-cell
sequencing
datasets
human
murine
hearts
across
ages
reveals
astrocyte-like
cells,
confirm
through
multispecies
approach.
We
show
cardiac
at
outflow
tract
critical
regulators
both
sympathetic
parasympathetic
These
data
establish
crucial
role
on
homeostasis
provide
description
PNS.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
18(8), С. 4344 - 4344
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2021
Many
countries
introduced
the
requirement
to
wear
masks
in
public
spaces
for
containing
SARS-CoV-2
making
it
commonplace
2020.
Up
until
now,
there
has
been
no
comprehensive
investigation
as
adverse
health
effects
can
cause.
The
aim
was
find,
test,
evaluate
and
compile
scientifically
proven
related
side
of
wearing
masks.
For
a
quantitative
evaluation,
44
mostly
experimental
studies
were
referenced,
substantive
65
publications
found.
literature
revealed
relevant
numerous
disciplines.
In
this
paper,
we
refer
psychological
physical
deterioration
well
multiple
symptoms
described
because
their
consistent,
recurrent
uniform
presentation
from
different
disciplines
Mask-Induced
Exhaustion
Syndrome
(MIES).
We
objectified
evaluation
evidenced
changes
respiratory
physiology
mask
wearers
with
significant
correlation
O2
drop
fatigue
(p
<
0.05),
clustered
co-occurrence
impairment
(67%),
N95
CO2
rise
(82%),
(72%),
headache
(60%),
temperature
(88%),
but
also
moisture
(100%)
under
Extended
mask-wearing
by
general
population
could
lead
consequences
many
medical
fields.
The Journal of Physiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
602(21), С. 5757 - 5783
Опубликована: Окт. 20, 2023
Abstract
Intermittent
hypoxia
(IH)
is
commonly
associated
with
pathological
conditions,
particularly
obstructive
sleep
apnoea.
However,
IH
also
increasingly
used
to
enhance
health
and
performance
emerging
as
a
potent
non‐pharmacological
intervention
against
numerous
diseases.
Whether
detrimental
or
beneficial
for
largely
determined
by
the
intensity,
duration,
number
frequency
of
hypoxic
exposures
specific
responses
they
engender.
Adaptive
protect
from
future
ischaemic
insults,
improve
cellular
resilience
functions,
boost
mental
physical
performance.
The
systemic
mechanisms
producing
these
benefits
are
highly
complex,
failure
different
components
can
shift
long‐term
adaptation
maladaptation
development
pathologies.
Rather
than
discussing
in
detail
well‐characterized
individual
adaptations
IH,
we
here
aim
summarize
integrate
hypoxia‐activated
into
holistic
picture
body's
adaptive
specifically
demonstrate
how
might
be
mobilized
their
while
minimizing
risks
exposure.
image
Breathing
is
a
systemic
act,
which
involves
not
only
the
lungs,
but
entire
body
system.
To
have
comprehensive
clinical
picture,
it
necessary
to
all
patient's
data;
from
this
assumption,
we
can
affirm
that
know
muscles
involved
in
breathing
understand
how
obtain
approach
for
care
and
treatment
of
patient
improve
respiratory
capacity.
The
text
reviews
efferent
connections
centers
cites
are
mechanism
controlled
managed
by
centers,
starting
muscular
description
cranial
area,
bucco-cervical
cervicothoracic
thoracic
area.
Knowing
function
accessory
allows
us
obtain,
some
cases,
valuable
data
prove
predictive
diagnostic
path
pathology.
This
first
article
literature,
authors'
knowledge,
attempts
list
include
single
directly
or
indirectly
breathing.
goal
narrative
review
remind
clinicians
researchers
study
different
responses
need
analyze
work
skeletal
musculature
better
what
happens
pathological
physiological
phases
during
step
will
allow
individualize
therapeutic
training
healthy
subjects.
The Journal of Physiology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
600(9), С. 2049 - 2075
Опубликована: Март 16, 2022
Abstract
Twenty‐five
years
ago,
a
new
physiological
preparation
called
the
working
heart–brainstem
(WHBP)
was
introduced
with
claim
it
would
provide
platform
allowing
studies
not
possible
before
in
cardiovascular,
neuroendocrine,
autonomic
and
respiratory
research.
Herein,
we
review
some
of
progress
made
WHBP,
advantages
disadvantages
along
potential
future
applications,
photographs
technical
drawings
all
customised
equipment
used
for
preparation.
Using
mice
or
rats,
WHBP
is
an
situ
experimental
model
that
perfused
via
extracorporeal
circuit
benefitting
from
unprecedented
surgical
access,
mechanical
stability
brain
whole
cell
recording
uncompromised
use
pharmacological
agents
akin
to
vitro
approaches.
The
has
revealed
novel
mechanistic
insights
into,
example,
generation
distinct
rhythms,
neurogenesis
sympathetic
activity,
coupling
between
respiration
heart
circulation,
hypothalamic
spinal
control
mechanisms,
peripheral
central
chemoreceptor
mechanisms.
Insights
have
been
gleaned
into
diseases
such
as
hypertension,
failure
sleep
apnoea.
Findings
ratified
conscious
vivo
animals
when
tested
translated
humans.
We
conclude
by
discussing
applications
including
two‐photon
imaging
nervous
systems
adoption
pharmacogenetic
tools
will
improve
our
understanding
mechanisms
reveal
may
guide
treatment
strategies
cardiorespiratory
diseases.
image
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
9
Опубликована: Апрель 7, 2022
The
autonomic
nervous
system
exerts
a
fine
beat-to-beat
regulation
of
cardiovascular
functions
and
is
consequently
involved
in
the
onset
progression
many
diseases
(CVDs).
Selective
neuromodulation
brain-heart
axis
with
advanced
neurotechnologies
an
emerging
approach
to
corroborate
CVDs
treatment
when
classical
pharmacological
agents
show
limited
effectiveness.
vagus
nerve
major
component
cardiac
neuroaxis,
stimulation
(VNS)
promising
application
restore
function
under
various
pathological
conditions.
VNS
has
led
encouraging
results
animal
models
CVDs,
but
its
translation
clinical
practice
not
been
equally
successful,
calling
for
more
investigation
optimize
this
technique.
Herein
we
reviewed
state
art
discuss
avenues
therapeutic
optimization.
Firstly,
provided
succinct
description
vagal
innervation
anatomy
physiology
principles
VNS.
Then,
examined
main
applications
related
open
challenges.
Finally,
presented
preclinical
studies
that
aim
at
overcoming
limitations
through
optimization
anatomical
targets,
development
novel
neural
interface
technologies,
design
efficient
closed-loop
protocols.
Nature Communications,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
14(1)
Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023
Abstract
Breathing
is
regulated
automatically
by
neural
circuits
in
the
medulla
to
maintain
homeostasis,
but
breathing
also
modified
behavior
and
emotion.
Mice
have
rapid
patterns
that
are
unique
awake
state
distinct
from
those
driven
automatic
reflexes.
Activation
of
medullary
neurons
control
does
not
reproduce
these
patterns.
By
manipulating
transcriptionally
defined
parabrachial
nucleus,
we
identify
a
subset
express
Tac1
,
Calca
gene
exerts
potent
precise
conditional
awake,
anesthetized,
via
projections
ventral
intermediate
reticular
zone
medulla.
Activating
drives
frequencies
match
physiological
maximum
through
mechanisms
differ
underlie
breathing.
We
postulate
this
circuit
important
for
integration
with
state-dependent
behaviors
emotions.
Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
17
Опубликована: Май 10, 2023
The
cerebellum
operates
exploiting
a
complex
modular
organization
and
unified
computational
algorithm
adapted
to
different
behavioral
contexts.
Recent
observations
suggest
that
the
is
involved
not
just
in
motor
but
also
emotional
cognitive
processing.
It
therefore
critical
identify
specific
regional
connectivity
microcircuit
properties
of
cerebellum.
studies
are
highlighting
differential
localization
genes,
molecules,
synaptic
mechanisms
wiring.
However,
impact
these
differences
fully
understood
will
require
experimental
investigation
modeling.
This
review
focuses
on
cellular
circuit
underpinnings
cerebellar
role
emotion.
And
since
emotion
involves
an
integration
cognitive,
somatomotor,
autonomic
activity,
we
elaborate
tradeoff
between
segregation
distribution
three
main
functions
The Journal of Comparative Neurology,
Год журнала:
2022,
Номер
530(17), С. 3072 - 3103
Опубликована: Авг. 21, 2022
Anatomical
tracing
studies
examining
the
vagal
system
can
conflate
details
of
sensory
afferent
and
motor
efferent
neurons.
Here,
we
used
a
serotype
adeno-associated
virus
that
transports
retrogradely
exhibits
selective
tropism
for
afferents,
to
map
their
soma
location
central
termination
sites
within
nucleus
solitary
tract
(NTS).
We
examined
afferents
innervating
trachea,
duodenum,
stomach,
or
heart,
in
some
animals,
from
two
organs
concurrently.
observed
no
obvious
somatotopy
somata
distribution
nodose
ganglion.
The
patterns
different
NTS
overlap
substantially.
Convergence
inputs
onto
single
neurons
is
observed.
Abdominal
thoracic
terminate
throughout
NTS,
including
rostral
where
7th
cranial
nerve
are
known
synapse.
To
address
whether
axonal
labeling
produced
by
viral
transduction
so
widespread
because
it
fills
axons
traveling
targets,
not
just
terminal
fields,
labeled
pre
postsynaptic
elements
.
Vagal
form
multiple
putative
synapses
as
they
course
through
with
each
neuron
distributing
signals
second-order
observe
little
selectivity
between
visceral
targets
common
neurochemical
phenotypes,
making
close
appositions
same
neuron.
conclude
specific
viscerosensory
information
distributed
widely
coding
this
input
probably
determined
intrinsic
properties
projections
