eNeuro,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
11(8), С. ENEURO.0063 - 24.2024
Опубликована: Авг. 1, 2024
Adaptive
behavior
relies
on
efficient
cognitive
control.
The
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
is
a
key
node
within
the
executive
prefrontal
network.
reciprocal
connectivity
between
locus
ceruleus
(LC)
and
ACC
thought
to
support
behavioral
reorganization
triggered
by
detection
of
an
unexpected
change.
We
transduced
LC
neurons
with
either
excitatory
or
inhibitory
chemogenetic
receptors
in
adult
male
rats
trained
spatial
task.
Subsequently,
we
altered
activity
confronted
change
reward
locations.
In
new
context,
decreased
noradrenaline
(NA)
entered
unbaited
maze
arms
more
persistently
which
was
indicative
perseveration.
contrast,
suppression
global
NA
transmission
reduced
Neither
manipulation
nor
inactivation
muscimol
affected
rate
learning,
possibly
due
partial
virus
transduction
and/or
compensatory
engagement
other
regions.
Importantly,
observed
deficits
damage
caused
injection.
latter
finding
highlights
importance
careful
histological
assessment
virus-transduced
brain
tissue
as
inadvertent
targeted
cell
population
neurotoxicity
factors
might
cause
unwanted
side
effects.
Although
specific
role
flexibility
has
not
been
convincingly
demonstrated,
our
results
beneficial
noradrenergic
for
optimal
function
ACC.
Overall,
findings
suggest
exerts
projection-specific
modulation
neural
circuits
mediating
behavior.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
120(2)
Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023
The
process
by
which
sensory
evidence
contributes
to
perceptual
choices
requires
an
understanding
of
its
transformation
into
decision
variables.
Here,
we
address
this
issue
evaluating
the
neural
representation
acoustic
information
in
auditory
cortex-recipient
parietal
cortex,
while
gerbils
either
performed
a
two-alternative
forced-choice
discrimination
task
or
they
passively
listened
identical
stimuli.
During
engagement,
stimulus
identity
decoding
performance
from
simultaneously
recorded
neurons
significantly
correlated
with
psychometric
sensitivity.
In
contrast,
during
passive
listening
was
reduced.
Principal
component
and
geometric
analyses
revealed
emergence
low-dimensional
encoding
linearly
separable
manifolds
respect
decision,
but
only
engagement.
These
findings
confirm
that
cortex
mediates
transition
representations
decision-related
Finally,
using
clustering
analysis,
identified
three
functionally
distinct
subpopulations
each
encoded
task-relevant
separate
temporal
segments
trial.
Taken
together,
our
demonstrate
how
integrate
transform
guide
sound-driven
decisions.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(4), С. 114081 - 114081
Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2024
Narratives
can
synchronize
neural
and
physiological
signals
between
individuals,
but
the
relationship
these
signals,
underlying
mechanism,
is
unclear.
We
hypothesized
a
top-down
effect
of
cognition
on
arousal
predicted
that
auditory
narratives
will
drive
not
only
brain
also
peripheral
signals.
find
entrained
gaze
variation,
saccade
initiation,
pupil
size,
heart
rate.
This
consistent
with
autonomic
function.
bottom-up
effect,
whereby
physiology
affects
arousal.
Controlled
breathing
affected
rate
was
by
controlled
saccades.
Additionally,
fluctuations
in
preceded
size
Gaze
were
all
associated
anterior-central
Together,
results
suggest
bidirectional
causal
effects
function
central
circuits
involved
control
Human
value–based
decisions
are
notably
variable
under
uncertainty.
This
variability
is
known
to
arise
from
two
distinct
sources:
choices
aimed
at
exploring
available
options
and
imprecise
learning
of
option
values
due
limited
cognitive
resources.
However,
whether
these
sources
decision
tuned
their
specific
costs
benefits
remains
unclear.
To
address
this
question,
we
compared
the
effects
expected
unexpected
uncertainty
on
decision-making
in
same
reinforcement
task.
Across
large
behavioral
datasets,
found
that
humans
choose
more
variably
between
but
simultaneously
learn
less
imprecisely
response
Using
simulations
agents,
demonstrate
opposite
adjustments
reflect
adaptive
tuning
exploration
precision
structure
Together,
findings
indicate
regulate
not
only
how
much
they
explore
uncertain
also
precisely
options.
Journal of Parkinson s Disease,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025
Background
Saccade,
pupil,
and
blink
control
are
impaired
in
patients
with
α-synucleinopathies
(αSYN):
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
multiple
system
atrophy
(MSA).
Isolated
REM
(rapid
eye
movement)
Sleep
Behavior
Disorder
(iRBD)
is
a
prodromal
stage
of
PD
MSA
prime
candidate
for
investigating
early
oculo-pupillo-motor
abnormalities
that
may
precede
or
predict
conversion
to
clinically
manifest
αSYN.
Objective
Determine
whether
saccade,
responses
iRBD
normal
similar
those
identified
MSA.
Methods
Video-based
eye-tracking
was
conducted
68
iRBD,
49
PD,
17
MSA,
95
healthy
controls
(CTRL)
performing
an
interleaved
pro-/anti-saccade
task
probed
sensory,
motor,
cognitive
processes
involved
movement
control.
Results
Horizontal
saccade
behavior
intact
but
abnormal
patients,
however,
demonstrated
reduced
pupil
dilation
size,
which
closely
resembled
the
changes
found
In
group,
extent
these
pupillary
appeared
correlate
degree
hyposmia
reduction
dopamine
transporter
imaging
signal.
Conclusions
Pupil
were
present
horizontal
intact.
Future
longitudinal
studies
required
determine
from
identify
time
window,
relation
conversion,
when
become
abnormal.
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
42(7), С. 112771 - 112771
Опубликована: Июль 1, 2023
Social
sensitivity
to
other
individuals
in
distress
is
crucial
for
survival.
The
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC)
a
structure
involved
making
behavioral
choices
and
influenced
by
observed
pain
or
distress.
Nevertheless,
our
understanding
of
the
neural
circuitry
underlying
this
incomplete.
Here,
we
reveal
unexpected
sex-dependent
activation
ACC
when
parental
mice
respond
distressed
pups
returning
them
nest
("pup
retrieval").
We
observe
sex
differences
interactions
between
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons
during
care,
inactivation
increased
pup
neglect.
Locus
coeruleus
(LC)
releases
noradrenaline
retrieval,
LC-ACC
pathway
disrupts
care.
conclude
that
maintains
under
LC
modulation.
propose
ACC's
involvement
parenting
presents
an
opportunity
identify
circuits
support
emotional
others.
In
humans,
ageing
is
characterized
by
decreased
brain
signal
variability
and
increased
behavioral
variability.
To
understand
how
reduced
segregates
with
variability,
we
investigated
the
association
between
reaction
time
evoked
responses
ongoing
dynamics,
in
young
(N=36)
older
adults
(N=39).
We
studied
electroencephalogram
(EEG)
pupil
size
fluctuations
to
characterize
cortical
arousal
elicited
a
cued
go/no-go
task.
Evoked
were
strongly
modulated
slow
(<2
Hz)
of
signals,
which
presented
power
participants.
Although
was
lower
participants,
once
adjusted
for
effect
fluctuations,
equally
variable
both
groups.
Moreover,
modulation
caused
had
no
impact
on
time,
thereby
explaining
why
although
individuals,
not.
Finally,
showed
that
adjusting
critical
unmask
link
neural
behavior
as
well
task-related
EEG
responses.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Год журнала:
2021,
Номер
41(31), С. 6740 - 6752
Опубликована: Июнь 30, 2021
Distributed
population
codes
are
ubiquitous
in
the
brain
and
pose
a
challenge
to
downstream
neurons
that
must
learn
an
appropriate
readout.
Here
we
explore
possibility
this
learning
problem
is
simplified
through
inductive
biases
implemented
by
stimulus-independent
noise
correlations
constrain
task-relevant
dimensions.
We
test
idea
set
of
neural
networks
perform
perceptual
discrimination
task.
Correlations
among
similarly
tuned
units
were
manipulated
independently
overall
signal-to-noise
ratio
how
format
stored
information
affects
learning.
Higher
led
faster
more
robust
learning,
favoring
homogenous
weights
assigned
within
functionally
similar
pool,
could
emerge
Hebbian
When
multiple
discriminations
learned
simultaneously,
across
relevant
feature
dimensions
sped
whereas
those
irrelevant
slowed
it.
Our
results
complement
existing
theory
on
demonstrating
when
such
produced
without
significant
degradation
ratio,
they
can
improve
speed
readout
constraining
it
dimensions.SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Positive
between
theoretically
reduce
representational
capacity
brain,
yet
commonly
observed,
dynamically
complex
tasks,
persist
even
well-trained
animals.
show
correlations,
embedded
with
fixed
robustness
which
learned.
In
simple
task
naturally
tasks
require
discriminations,
encode
dimension.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 20, 2023
ABSTRACT
Sustained
attention,
the
ability
to
focus
on
an
activity
or
stimulus
over
time,
is
significantly
impaired
in
many
psychiatric
disorders,
and
there
remains
a
major
unmet
need
treating
attention.
Continuous
performance
tests
(CPTs)
were
developed
measure
sustained
attention
humans,
non-human
primates,
rats,
mice,
similar
neural
circuits
are
engaged
across
species
during
CPT
performance,
supporting
their
use
translational
studies
identify
novel
therapeutics.
Here,
we
identified
electrophysiological
correlates
of
attentional
touchscreen-based
rodent
(rCPT)
locus
coeruleus
(LC)
anterior
cingulate
cortex
(ACC),
two
inter-connected
regions
that
implicated
processes.
We
used
viral
labeling
molecular
techniques
demonstrate
recruited
LC-ACC
projections
rCPT,
this
recruitment
increases
with
cognitive
demand.
implanted
male
mice
depth
electrodes
within
LC
ACC
for
local
field
potential
(LFP)
recordings
rCPT
training,
increase
delta
theta
power,
power
correct
responses
rCPT.
also
found
leads
frequencies
while
gamma
incorrect
responses.
These
findings
may
represent
biomarkers
can
be
screen
therapeutics
drug
discovery