SUMMARY
Substantial
changes
in
behavior,
physiology,
and
brain
function
occur
when
alertness
decreases
1–
5
.
These
involve
increased
synchronization
between
cortical
areas
6,7
as
well
alterations
sensory
processing
pathways
networks
connecting
the
thalamus
cortex
5,8–11
Cognitive
tasks
engage
overlapping
functional
with
facilitating
information
12,13
,
thalamocortical
corticocortical
supporting
task
performance
14,15
Frontoparietal
circuits
play
a
crucial
role
cognitive
16
states
of
decreased
consciousness
17
To
develop
an
integrated
framework
cognition,
it
is
important
to
understand
how
fluctuations
interact
these
shared
18
Our
hypothesis
that
during
periods
low
alertness,
individuals
who
actively
maintain
engagement
would
recruit
additional
frontoparietal
networks,
while
dynamics
typically
change
sleep
onset
remain
unaffected.
findings
demonstrated
decreased,
passively
listening
auditory
tones
led
parietal
lobe,
whereas
performing
resulted
long-range
synchronization.
During
decreasing
passive
(but
not
active
engagement)
was
associated
widespread
cortex.
In
contrast,
listening)
rest
brain.
results
reveal
mechanisms
brain’s
flexible
reorganization
transitions
are
engaged
processes.
Neuron,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
112(10), С. 1611 - 1625
Опубликована: Май 1, 2024
Consciousness
can
be
conceptualized
as
varying
along
at
least
two
dimensions:
the
global
state
of
consciousness
and
content
conscious
experience.
Here,
we
highlight
cellular
systems-level
contributions
thalamus
to
then
argue
for
thalamic
content,
including
integrated,
segregated,
continuous
nature
our
We
underscore
vital,
yet
distinct
roles
core-
matrix-type
neurons.
Through
reciprocal
interactions
with
deep-layer
cortical
neurons,
matrix
neurons
support
wakefulness
determine
perceptual
thresholds,
whereas
core
maintain
enable
constancy.
further
propose
that
integration,
segregation,
continuity
depend
on
convergent
corticothalamic
projections
enabling
dimensionality
reduction,
a
reticular
nucleus-mediated
divisive
normalization-like
process,
sustained
coherent
activity
in
thalamocortical
loops,
respectively.
Overall,
conclude
plays
central
topological
role
brain
structures
controlling
Cell Reports,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
43(8), С. 114503 - 114503
Опубликована: Июль 16, 2024
Synaptic
plasticities,
such
as
long-term
potentiation
(LTP)
and
depression
(LTD),
tune
synaptic
efficacy
are
essential
for
learning
memory.
Current
studies
of
plasticity
in
humans
limited
by
a
lack
adequate
human
models.
Here,
we
modeled
the
thalamocortical
system
fusing
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell-derived
thalamic
cortical
organoids.
Single-nucleus
RNA
sequencing
revealed
that
>80%
cells
organoids
were
glutamatergic
neurons.
When
fused
to
form
assembloids,
formed
reciprocal
long-range
axonal
projections
synapses
detectable
light
electron
microscopy,
respectively.
Using
whole-cell
patch-clamp
electrophysiology
two-photon
imaging,
characterized
transmission.
Thalamocortical
corticothalamic
displayed
short-term
analogous
animal
LTP
LTD
reliably
at
both
synapses;
however,
their
mechanisms
differed
from
those
previously
described
rodents.
Thus,
assembloids
provide
model
exploring
circuits.
Trends in Cognitive Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
28(8), С. 739 - 756
Опубликована: Июнь 17, 2024
The
brain
exhibits
a
remarkable
ability
to
learn
and
execute
context-appropriate
behaviors.
How
it
achieves
such
flexibility,
without
sacrificing
learning
efficiency,
is
an
important
open
question.
Neuroscience,
psychology,
engineering
suggest
that
reusing
repurposing
computations
are
part
of
the
answer.
Here,
we
review
evidence
thalamocortical
architectures
may
have
evolved
facilitate
these
objectives
flexibility
efficiency
by
coordinating
distributed
computations.
Recent
work
suggests
prefrontal
cortical
networks
compute
with
flexible
codes,
mediodorsal
thalamus
provides
regularization
promote
efficient
reuse.
Thalamocortical
interactions
resemble
hierarchical
Bayesian
computations,
their
network
implementation
can
be
related
existing
gating,
synchronization,
hub
theories
thalamic
function.
By
reviewing
recent
findings
providing
novel
synthesis,
highlight
key
research
horizons
integrating
computation,
cognition,
systems
neuroscience.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
24(3), С. 2070 - 2070
Опубликована: Янв. 20, 2023
Although
a
number
of
mood-stabilising
atypical
antipsychotics
and
antidepressants
modulate
serotonin
type
7
receptor
(5-HT7),
the
detailed
contributions
5-HT7
function
to
clinical
efficacy
pathophysiology
have
not
been
fully
understood.
The
antipsychotic
agent,
lurasidone,
partial
agonist
reuptake
inhibitor,
vortioxetine,
exhibit
higher
binding
affinity
than
other
conventional
antidepressants.
To
date,
initially
expected
rapid
onset
antidepressant
effects-in
comparison
with
or
antipsychotics-due
inhibition
has
observed
lurasidone
vortioxetine;
however,
several
studies
suggest
that
likely
contributes
quality
life
patients
schizophrenia
mood
disorders
via
improvement
cognition.
Furthermore,
recent
preclinical
reported
might
mitigate
antipsychotic-induced
weight
gain
metabolic
complication
by
blocking
monoamine
receptors.
Further
for
development
modulation
against
neurodevelopmental
neurodegenerative
diseases
ongoing.
various
findings
from
indicate
possibility
modifications
can
provide
two
independent
strategies.
first
is
ameliorates
dysfunction
inter-neuronal
transmission
in
mature
networks.
activation
improve
due
microstructure
abnormality
neurotransmission
network-which
could
be
unaffected
therapeutic
agents-via
modulating
intracellular
signalling
during
stage
loss
neural
networks
aging.
This
review
attempts
describe
current
novel
applications
based
on
findings.
Annual Review of Psychology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
76(1), С. 167 - 195
Опубликована: Окт. 8, 2024
Humans
and
other
primates
have
a
remarkable
ability
to
perform
wide
range
of
tasks
behaviors,
even
novel
ones,
in
order
achieve
their
goals.
Further,
they
are
able
shift
flexibly
among
these
behaviors
as
the
contexts
demand.
Cognitive
control
is
function
at
base
this
behavioral
generativity
flexibility.
The
present
review
provides
survey
current
research
on
cognitive
focusing
two
its
primary
features
within
systems
framework:
(
)
select
new
based
context
b
monitor
ongoing
behavior
adjust
accordingly.
Throughout,
places
an
emphasis
how
differences
content
structure
task
representations
affect
core
control.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 1, 2024
SUMMARY
Synaptic
plasticities,
such
as
long-term
potentiation
(LTP)
and
depression
(LTD),
tune
synaptic
efficacy
are
essential
for
learning
memory.
Current
studies
of
plasticity
in
humans
limited
by
a
lack
adequate
human
models.
Here,
we
modeled
the
thalamocortical
system
fusing
induced
pluripotent
stem
cell–derived
thalamic
cortical
organoids.
Single-nucleus
RNA-sequencing
revealed
that
most
cells
mature
organoids
were
glutamatergic
neurons.
When
fused
to
form
assembloids,
formed
reciprocal
long-range
axonal
projections
synapses
detectable
light
electron
microscopy,
respectively.
Using
whole-cell
patch-clamp
electrophysiology
two-photon
imaging,
characterized
transmission.
Thalamocortical
corticothalamic
displayed
short-term
analogous
animal
LTP
LTD
reliably
at
both
synapses;
however,
their
mechanisms
differed
from
those
previously
described
rodents.
Thus,
assembloids
provide
model
exploring
circuits.
Highlights
Human
consist
mostly
projection
synapses.
Synapses
functional
undergo
resembling
Long-term
reveal
distinct
eTOC
often
used
diseases
with
pathology;
few
have
examined
function
via
single-cell
or
single-synapse
recordings.
Patton
et
al.
into
examine
transmission
short-
GRAPHICAL
ABSTRACT
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Апрель 27, 2024
This
study
presents
the
construction
of
a
comprehensive
spatiotemporal
atlas
detailing
development
white
matter
tracts
in
fetal
brain
using
diffusion
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(dMRI).
Our
research
leverages
data
collected
from
MRI
scans
conducted
between
22
and
37
weeks
gestation,
capturing
dynamic
changes
brain's
microstructure
during
this
critical
period.
The
includes
60
distinct
tracts,
including
commissural,
projection,
association
fibers.
We
employed
advanced
dMRI
processing
techniques
tractography
to
map
characterize
developmental
trajectories
these
tracts.
findings
reveal
that
is
characterized
by
complex
patterns
fractional
anisotropy
(FA)
mean
diffusivity
(MD),
reflecting
key
neurodevelopmental
processes
such
as
axonal
growth,
involution
radial-glial
scaffolding,
synaptic
pruning.
can
serve
useful
resource
for
neuroscience
clinical
practice,
improving
our
understanding
potentially
aiding
early
diagnosis
disorders.
By
normal
progression
tract
development,
be
used
benchmark
identifying
deviations
may
indicate
neurological
anomalies
or
predispositions
NeuroImage,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
297, С. 120732 - 120732
Опубликована: Июль 14, 2024
Lasting
thalamus
volume
reduction
after
preterm
birth
is
a
prominent
finding.
However,
whether
thalamic
nuclei
volumes
are
affected
differentially
by
and
aberrations
relevant
for
cognitive
functioning
remains
unknown.
Using
T1-weighted
MR-images
of
83
adults
born
very
(≤
32
weeks'
gestation;
VP)
and/or
with
low
body
weight
1,500
g;
VLBW)
as
well
92
full-term
(≥
37
gestation)
controls,
we
compared
six
subregions
(anterior,
lateral,
ventral,
intralaminar,
medial,
pulvinar)
across
groups
at
the
age
26
years.
To
characterize
functional
relevance
aberrations,
performance
was
assessed
full-scale
intelligence
quotient
using
Wechsler
Adult
Intelligence
Scale
linked
to
reductions
multiple
linear
regression
analyses.
Thalamic
were
significantly
lower
all
examined
in
VP/VLBW
suggesting
an
overall
rather
than
focal
impairment.
Lower
higher
intensity
neonatal
treatment,
indicating
vulnerability
stress
exposure
birth.
Furthermore,
found
that
single
results
pulvinar
associated
adults,
albeit
not
surviving
correction
hypotheses
testing.
These
findings
provide
evidence
observable
focused
on
nuclei.
Data
suggest
same
mechanisms
aberrant
development
premature
