The developing visual system: a building block on the path to autism

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 73, С. 101547 - 101547

Опубликована: Март 13, 2025

Longitudinal neuroimaging studies conducted over the past decade provide evidence of atypical visual system development in first years life autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Findings from genomic analyses, family studies, and postmortem investigations suggest that changes ASD are linked to genetic factors, making an important neural phenotype along path genes behavior deserves further study. This article reviews what is known about developing life; it also explores potential canalizing role maturation may have emergence by placing findings context developmental cascades involving brain development, attention, social cognitive development. Critical gaps our understanding human discussed, future research directions proposed improve as a complex neurodevelopmental with origins early

Язык: Английский

---

Activity in developing prefrontal cortex is shaped by sleep and sensory experience

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2023

In developing rats, behavioral state exerts a profound modulatory influence on neural activity throughout the sensorimotor system, including primary motor cortex (M1). We hypothesized that similar state-dependent modulation occurs in prefrontal cortical areas with which M1 forms functional connections. Here, using 8- and 12-day-old rats cycling freely between sleep wake, we record M1, secondary (M2), medial (mPFC). At both ages all three areas, increased during active (AS) compared wake. Also, regardless of state, periods when limbs were moving. The movement-related M2 mPFC, like is driven by sensory feedback. Our results, diverge from those previous studies anesthetized pups, demonstrate AS-dependent responsivity extend to cortex. These findings expand range possible factors shaping activity-dependent development higher-order areas.

Язык: Английский

---

The intersection of sleep and synaptic translation in synaptic plasticity deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders

Journal of Comparative Physiology B, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 194(3), С. 253 - 263

Опубликована: Фев. 24, 2024

Abstract Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders experience persistent sleep deficits, and there is increasing evidence that dysregulation an underlying cause, rather than merely effect, of the synaptic behavioral defects observed in these disorders. At molecular level, proteome a common feature disorders, though mechanism connecting phenotypes ongoing area investigation. A role for eIF2α shifting local response to changes conditions at synapse has emerged. Here, we discuss recent progress characterizing intersection translation propose reciprocal development plasticity

Язык: Английский

---

Neural decoding reveals specialized kinematic tuning after an abrupt cortical transition

Cell Reports, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 42(9), С. 113119 - 113119

Опубликована: Сен. 1, 2023

The primary motor cortex (M1) exhibits a protracted period of development, including the development sensory representation long before outflow emerges. In rats, this is present by postnatal day (P) 8, when M1 activity "discontinuous." Here, we ask how changes upon transition to "continuous" at P12. We use neural decoding predict forelimb movements from and show that linear decoder effectively predicts limb P8 but not P12; instead, nonlinear better altered performance reflects increased complexity uniqueness kinematic information in M1. next M1's P12 more susceptible "lesioning" inputs "transplanting" encoding scheme one pup another. Thus, emergence continuous signals developmental onset complex, informationally sparse, individualized representations.

Язык: Английский

---

Developmentally Unique Cerebellar Processing Prioritizes Self- over Other-Generated Movements

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(19), С. e2345232024 - e2345232024

Опубликована: Апрель 8, 2024

Animals must distinguish the sensory consequences of self-generated movements (reafference) from those other-generated (exafference). Only entail production motor copies (i.e., corollary discharges), which are compared with reafference in cerebellum to compute predictive or internal models movement. Internal emerge gradually over first three postnatal weeks rats through a process that is not yet fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated day (P) 8 and P12 precerebellar nuclei convey discharge during active (REM) sleep when pups produce limb twitches. Here, recording deep cerebellar nucleus (interpositus, IP) both sexes, reafferent exafferent responses twitches stimulations, respectively. As expected, most IP units showed robust However, contrast other structures throughout brain, relatively few responses. Upon finding occurred under urethane anesthesia, hypothesized inhibits cortical cells, thereby disinhibiting IP. In support this hypothesis, ablating tissue dorsal mimicked effects on exafference. Finally, results suggest twitch-related conveyed simultaneously parallel cortex Based these results, propose provide opportunities for nascent integrate somatotopically organized reafference, enabling development closed-loop circuits and, subsequently, models.

Язык: Английский

---

Loss of sleep when it is needed most – Consequences of persistent developmental sleep disruption: A scoping review of rodent models

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14, С. 100085 - 100085

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2022

Sleep is an essential component of development. Developmental sleep disruption (DSD) impacts brain maturation and has been associated with significant consequences on socio-emotional In humans, poor during infancy adolescence affects neurodevelopmental outcomes may be a risk factor for the development autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other neuropsychiatric illness. Given wide-reaching enduring DSD, identifying underlying mechanisms critical to best inform interventions translational capacity. rodents, studies have identified some neural circuits by which DSD causes later social, emotional, sensorimotor, cognitive changes. However, these spanned methodological differences, including different developmental timepoints both testing, paradigms, even rodent species. this scoping review in we synthesize various into cohesive framework identify common DSD-induced dysfunction behavior. Ultimately, serves goal generation novel human disorders featuring disruption.

Язык: Английский

---

Sleep Traits Causally Affect the Brain Cortical Structure: A Mendelian Randomization Study

Biomedicines, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(8), С. 2296 - 2296

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2023

Background: Brain imaging results in sleep deprived patients showed structural changes the cerebral cortex; however, reasons for this phenomenon need to be further explored. Methods: This MR study evaluated causal associations between morningness, ease of getting up, insomnia, long sleep, short and cortex structure. Results: At functional level, morningness increased surface area (SA) cuneus with global weighted (beta(b) (95% CI): 32.63 (10.35, 54.90), p = 0.004). Short SA lateral occipital (b 394.37(107.89, 680.85), 0.007. reduced cortical thickness (TH) paracentral (OR −0.11 (−0.19, −0.03), 0.006). TH parahippocampal −0.25 (−0.42, −0.07), No pleiotropy was detected. However, none Bonferroni-corrected values relationship structure five types traits met threshold. Conclusions: Our potentially show evidence a higher risk association neuropsychiatric disorders not only brain areas atrophy, but also an increase middle temporal zone. findings shed light on occurrence traits.

Язык: Английский

---

Coincident development and synchronization of sleep-dependent delta in the cortex and medulla

Current Biology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 34(12), С. 2570 - 2579.e5

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

More Than a Small Brain: The Importance of Studying Neural Function during Development

Journal of Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 44(48), С. e1367242024 - e1367242024

Опубликована: Ноя. 27, 2024

The nervous system contains complex circuits comprising thousands of cell types and trillions connections. Here, we discuss how the field “developmental systems neuroscience” combines molecular genetic perspectives developmental neuroscience with (typically adult-focused) functional perspective neuroscience. This combination approaches is critical to understanding a handful cells eventually produce wide range behaviors necessary for survival. Functional circuit development typically lags behind neural connectivity, leading intermediate stages activity that are either not seen in adults or, if present, considered pathophysiological. Developmental examines these activity, mapping out phases inflection points function understand behavior emerge across development. Beyond typical development, this approach provides invaluable insight into pathophysiology neurodevelopmental disorders by identifying when diverges between health disease. We argue will identify important periods reveal novel therapeutic windows treatment, set stage answer fundamental questions about brain

Язык: Английский

---

Developmentally unique cerebellar processing prioritizes self- over other-generated movements

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2023, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Дек. 16, 2023

Animals must distinguish the sensory consequences of self-generated movements (reafference) from those other-generated (exafference). Only entail production motor copies (i.e., corollary discharges), which are compared with reafference in cerebellum to compute predictive or internal models movement. Internal emerge gradually over first three postnatal weeks rats through a process that is not yet fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated day (P) P8 and P12 precerebellar nuclei convey discharge during active (REM) sleep when pups produce limb twitches. Here, recording deep cerebellar nucleus (interpositus, IP) both sexes, reafferent exafferent responses twitches stimulations, respectively. As expected, most IP units showed robust However, contrast other structures throughout brain, relatively few responses. Upon finding occurred under urethane anesthesia, hypothesized inhibits cortical cells, thereby disinhibiting IP. In support this hypothesis, ablating tissue dorsal mimicked effects on exafference. Finally, results suggest twitch-related conveyed simultaneously parallel cortex Based these results, propose provide opportunities for nascent integrate somatotopically organized reafference, enabling development closed-loop circuits and, subsequently, models.

Язык: Английский

---