Considering how biological sex impacts immune responses and COVID-19 outcomes

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 442 - 447

Published: June 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 251 - 251

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Selenium is an essential microelement required for a number of biological functions. Selenium-and more specifically the amino acid selenocysteine-is present in at least 25 human selenoproteins involved wide variety functions, ranging from regulation reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration to biosynthesis hormones. These processes also play central role preventing and modulating clinical outcome several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, mental disorders, cardiovascular fertility impairments, inflammation, infections (including SARS-CoV-2). Over past years, studies focusing on relationship between selenium such pathologies have been reported. Generally, adequate nutritional state-and some cases supplementation-have related improved prognostic reduced risk developing diseases. On other hand, supra-nutritional levels might adverse effects. The results recent these topics are summarized discussed this review, with particular emphasis advances achieved last decade.

Language: Английский

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Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 173(5), P. 385 - 386

Published: May 8, 2020

Ideas and Opinions8 May 2020Sex Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach UsFREEPrimavera A. Spagnolo, MD, PhD, JoAnn E. Manson, DrPH, Hadine Joffe, MScPrimavera PhDNational Institute on Neurological Disorders Stroke Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (P.A.S.), DrPHConnors Center for Women's Health Biology, Brigham Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (J.E.M., H.J.), MScConnors H.J.)Author, Article, Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1941 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Sex; biological physiologic traits characterizing males females; gender, a continuum socioculturally constructed roles behaviors associated with men, women, gender-spectrum diversity, are among most important determinants health disease outcomes. However, these fundamental factors often ignored biomedical research rarely incorporated into clinical care. We call sex- gender-specific differentiating be urgently included research, prevention, therapeutics implementation response coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Although available sex-disaggregated data show equal numbers cases between sexes, current evidence indicates that fatality rates higher men than women. A recent report (23 April 2020) from Italian shows 23 188 deaths infection Italy, approximately 70% were men. In United States, provisional death counts February 2020 similarly indicate sex bias rates: Of 37 308 reported by Statistics, 59% Similar trends have been China (1) South Korea (2).Taken together, preliminary suggest gender-related may implicated vulnerability. As scientists, we consider this an interesting observation explored post hoc analyses, using gender data. Or can investigate priori specific role potentially leverage mechanisms differences risk, progression, outcomes, identify effective prevention treatment interventions entire population. Adopting gender-informed perspective has already shown improve patient care cardiovascular diseases other conditions affect both women (3).Translating study requires first essential step collecting large-scale gender-disaggregated This task pose some methodological challenges given lack validated tools assess gender. Using when reporting identity or sociocultural factors, asking individuals about their assigned at birth identity, facilitate collection comparability across studies.However, truly exceeds mere stratification variables. Researchers should also systematically (such as hormonal state, immune function, comorbid conditions, concurrent treatments) lifestyle socioeconomic status) patients COVID-19. Furthermore, trials investigating novel prevent treat being launched worldwide, it is imperative incorporate analyze outcomes disaggregated gender.Taking actions will crucial address several questions related For example, elucidate what extent biases linked hormone profiles. Sex hormones contribute different immunologic responses women: general rule, estrogens promote innate adaptive responses, which result faster clearance pathogens greater vaccine efficacy. Conversely, testosterone largely suppressive effects explain susceptibility infectious observed (3). Notably, changes further shape pathogens, highlighting importance studying such levels (for age, pregnancy, menstrual cycle, exogenous sex-hormone therapies, transgender individuals).Sex-related critical contribution inflammatory response. particular, reduction aging increased proinflammatory cytokine (4), worse progression older estrogen-induced decreased expression angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (5), acts functional receptor SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) enter host target cells.Investigating hormone–influenced and, more broadly, conducting optimize development shed light drug efficacy, safety profiles, adherence treatments currently tested COVID-19, pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics influence therapeutic risk profiles numerous medications, treatment, access care, health-seeking (3).Stress-related disorders long-term consequences highlight another effect Beyond pandemic disease, potent stressor, millions experiencing fear social isolation over prolonged period. Exposure persistent stress vulnerability severity stress-related psychiatric posttraumatic disorder, panic major depression), occur frequently (6). Indeed, during initial phase outbreak prevalence depressive, anxious, symptoms (7).This supported systems, increase endocrine, affective, arousal females (6, 8), who appear susceptible (9). Gender-related predominant family caregivers frontline workers, exacerbate exposure. unprecedented opportunity conduct large longitudinal studies directly test whether relationship exposures presentation mediated factors.On basis observations, scientists institutions recognize develop implement able acute well-being By doing so, reshape way think conceive thus optimizing population.References1. Chen T, Wu D, H, et al. Clinical characteristics 113 deceased 2019: retrospective study. BMJ. 2020;368:m1091. [PMID: 32217556] doi:10.1136/bmj.m1091 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Dudley JP, Lee NT. Disparities age-specific morbidity mortality Republic Korea. Clin Infect Dis. 2020. 32232322] doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa354 Scholar3. Bartz Chitnis Kaiser UB, advances medicine all: review. JAMA Intern Med. 32040165] doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.7194 Scholar4. Bianchi VE. The anti-inflammatory testosterone. J Endocr Soc. 2019;3:91-107. 30582096] doi:10.1210/js.2018-00186 Scholar5. La Vignera S, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Sex-specific mortality: hormone-modulated ACE2 expression, venous thromboembolism hypovitaminosis d. Int Mol Sci. 2020;21. 32331343] doi:10.3390/ijms21082948 Scholar6. Hodes GE, Epperson CN. resilience life span. Biol Psychiatry. 2019;86:421-432. 31221426] doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.028 Scholar7. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Prevalence predictors PTSS hardest-hit areas: matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287:112921. 32240896] doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112921 Scholar8. Bangasser DA, Wicks B. responding stress. Neurosci 2017;95:75-82. 27870416] doi:10.1002/jnr.23812 Scholar9. Senst L, Baimoukhametova Sterley TL, Sexually dimorphic neuronal isolation. Elife. 2016;5. 27725087] doi:10.7554/eLife.18726 Scholar Comments 0 Sign Submit Comment Olav T. Muurlink, MAPS, 1 Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson, FRCPath 2,*1 Centre Sustainable Innovation, Central Queensland University Infectious Diseases Group, University20 August Us Puzzling emerging male female highlighted Spagnolo journal others (2-4). While reasons disparity undoubtedly multifactorial, predict amplified developing world due prevailing cultural (5). Currently, credible non-industrialized nations sparse, recorded case seemingly suppressed unreliable surveillance, lower testing capacity underlying burden mimic key symptoms, notably pyrexia. undifferentiated febrile illness common feature resource-limited tropical regions. Patterns vector-borne world, however, offer indication likely trends. Cultural particular long ‘modest’ clothing worn convention separating adults inadvertently determine rapidity spread communicable including six Asian countries dengue showed striking tendency towards compared females, but only those aged 15 whom work patterns outside home, interaction dress all apply plausibly explained difference exposure mosquito vector established recommendations wearing protective clothing. noteworthy Brazil, where standards modesty equivalent (7), incidence disappears (8). Cultures place restrictions movement see fewer opportunities vector- air-borne pathogen transmission relative One known routes touching one’s face, leading public agency advisories against practice presents challenge community education since behaviour instinctive (10), habitual very frequent (11). Yet, conservative Muslim cultures burka niqab, providing full partial coverage respectively, relatively public, mouth, nose eyes correspondingly restricted. Facial covering additionally affords limited level filtration droplets (12), carrying particles. contrast, predilection facial hair Muslims virus, particularly amongst professionals compromises seal P2/N95-standard particulate filtering respirators surgical masks (13). References PA, Manson JE, Joffe H. health: teach us. Ann 2020; 8: M20-1941. doi: 10.7326/M20-1941 Wenham Smith J, Morgan R; Working Group. COVID-19: gendered impacts outbreak. Lancet 395: 846-8. 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30526-2 Dana PK, Sadoughi Hallajzadeh An insight patients: possible causes? Prehosp Disaster 35: 438-41. 10.1017/S1049023X20000837 Stoian AC, Toth PP, Kempler P, battle impact genetics, comorbidities, inflammation Pract. Aug 8; e13666. 10.1111/ijcp.13666. Online ahead print Muurlink OT, Taylor-Robinson AW. global patterns. Front. Public 174. 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00174 Anker M, Arima Y. Male–female number incident fever countries. Western Pac Surveill Response J. 2011; 2: 17-23. 10.5365/WPSAR.2011.2.1.002 Hussain Carnival reveals much sexuality, culture Brazil. March 6, 2013. https://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/posts/carnival-reveals-much-about-gender-sexuality-and-culture-in-brazil Date accessed: 20, Teixeira M da G, Nascimento Costa Guerra Z, Dengue Brazil: Situation-2001 Bull. 2002; 26: 70-6 World Organization. Coronavirus advice public. Last updated June 4, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public Suarez SD, Gallup GG Jr. Face primates: closer look. Neuropsychologia 1986; 24: 597-600 Benning Labus B, Barchard KA. How stop your face minimize germs. Conversation, 19, https://theconversation.com/how-to-stop-touching-your-face-to-minimize-spread-of-coronavirus-and-other-germs-133683 Rengasamy Eimer Shaffer RE. Simple respiratory protection — evaluation performance cloth fabric materials 20–1000 nm size Occup Hyg. 2010; 54: 789-98. 10.1093/annhyg/meq044 Sandaradura I, Goeman E, Pontivivo close shave? Performance P2/N95 healthcare workers hair: results BEARDS (BEnchmarking Adequate Respiratory DefenceS) Hosp Infect., 104: 529-33. 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.01.006 Disclosures: declare no conflicts interest. Primavera PhD; DrPH; Women’s School12 November Authors' comment our opinion article highlights play exacerbating gender-differences pandemic. authors discussed how norms present sex-differences could lead sex-biases transmission. protecting integral part control reduce aerosol transmission1, believe dimension multifaceted. Gender, comprises societal norms, roles, behaviors, influences agents treatment. spend time throughout day, they exposed to, well frequency intensity disparities use of, preventive modalities which, course outcome infections illnesses2. appears exception. study, Tadiri colleagues analyzed male: ratio data, function country’s inequality (per 2017 Nations Development report)3. Men accounted inequality, although was not clear employment status, rationed tests reasons. analyzing eight COVID-19−related beliefs perceive serious problem agree comply restraining measures4. Thus, factor influencing aspects pandemic, epidemics2. investigation sex-specific affecting progression. Attributing susceptibility, uniquely either extremely complex even premature. strongly inter-related investigated effective, equitable, sex-and policies interventions. powerful reminder cannot ignore any longer. Advice context interim guidance, 6 Geneva: WHO; [Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331693. Addressing Epidemic-Prone 2007 https://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/SexGenderInfectDis.pdf. CP, Gisinger Kautzy-Willer A, domains mortality. Canadian Association Journal 2020;192(36):E1041-E45. 10.1503/cmaj.200971 Galasso V, Pons Profeta attitudes behavior: Panel Proceedings Academy Sciences 2020;117(44):27285-91. 10.1073/pnas.2012520117 Author, InformationAuthors: MScAffiliations: (P.A.S.)Connors H.J.)Disclaimer: content manuscript solely responsibility does necessarily represent official views funders, had manuscript.Financial Support: Program Programs (P.A.S.) & Hospital School (H.J. J.E.M.).Disclosures: Disclosures viewed www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M20-1941.Corresponding Author: MSc, Connors Department Psychiatry, 75 Francis Street, Thorn 1111, MA 02115; e-mail, [email protected] Author Addresses: Dr. Spagnolo: Stroke, 10 Drive, CRC Building 10, 7D42, MD 22314.Dr. Manson: 900 Commonwealth Avenue, 3rd Floor, 02215.Dr. Joffe: 02115.Author Contributions: Conception design: P.A. J.E. Joffe.Analysis interpretation data: Manson.Drafting article: Spagnolo.Critical revision intellectual content: Joffe.Final approval Joffe.Administrative, technical, logistic support: Manson.This published Annals.org 8 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoSex , Metrics Cited byPsychological Trauma, Anxiety, Depression Among Students During First Phase Movement Control Order MalaysiaIncarceration, menstruation viewpoint exacerbated inequalities African correctional facilitiesThe adolescent perception emotions short-term studyInfluencia de la autoeficacia académica sobre adaptación universidad: rol mediador del agotamiento emocional académico y engagement académicoThe sex-associated atherosclerotic diseases: update strategiesThe its correlation polish adult Cross-sectional online open surveyGender disruptions routines amid COVID-19Sex Multidimensionality Epidemiologic ResearchThe disaster caused (COVID-19)Sex kidney replacement therapyDetermining Factors Psychosocial Wellbeing People With Disabilities Pandemic: Mediating Role Social SupportEvaluation symptomatology viral load residents staff facilities: case-cohort studyMobility mental young Ecuador“I miss my school!”: Examining primary secondary school students’ distancing emotional experiences Covid-19 pandemicSex-related spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes: prognostic based 111,112 medical recordsBurden severe ageing European population – SHARE-based analysisBiology, Bias, Both? Contribution Disparity Cardiovascular Outcomes Between Women MenThe dimensions narrative review potential factorsWitnessing interparental violence leader occupancy: insecure attachment genderThe peak effect: vulnerable peaksDo racial/ethnic infection?Stress appraisal mediator sense coherence coping strategies COVID ‐19 lockdownCOVID-19 anxiety, psychological Latin America Caribbean: relationships explanatory modelIn-hospital stratified diffrences: cross-sectional cohort studyAdverse reactions second doses Pfizer-BioNTech workersEstimation Excess All-Cause Mortality Due ThailandDisparities Risk Related Harms Opioid Use DisorderSex rehabilitation needs after hospital discharge studyDelay Gratification, Attitudes, Death Reflections Predict AnxietyGender-related Impact Cardiometabolic Patients America: CorCOVID LATAM Sub-studyExamining Community Mitigation Practices Limit Spread Evidence NigeriaUtilization Intention Pharmacy Service under Dual Threats Air Pollution Epidemic: Moderating Effects Knowledge Attitude toward COVID-19Women's sexual/reproductive pandemicAttention trials: regulatory dossiers124I-Iodo-DPA-713 Positron Emission Tomography Hamster Model InfectionPropiedades psicométricas Student Adaptation College Questionnaire - Educación Remota en estudiantes universitarios primer año durante pandemiaGender-related body systems affects outcomeColonial -Isms COVID-19How I Get COVID?: Understanding American Heterosexual Sexual Minority Men’s PerceptionSerum amyloid ferritin carcinoembryonic antigen biomarkers COVID‑19Is disadvantage real? Cross-national variations gaps mortalityCOVID-19 daily activity adapting new habits periodThe reactions, perceived knowledge Israeli publicImpact expectancy India: decomposition analysisCovid-19 gender: rate same women—an observational studyGut microbiota imbalance colorectal cancer patients, mortalityLack consideration studiesRisk-focused molecular processes infection: corollaries DNA methylation gene expressionMeasuring COVID-19-Related Stress 4th Through 12th Grade StudentsAssessing wave: prospective Swiss population-based studyGender Lifestyle Mental Senior High KoreaSex Predictors In-Hospital Results ANCOHVID Multicentre StudyWhat Causes Changes Passenger Behavior South-East Europe Pandemic?Prevalence academic burnout college students pandemicGastrointestinal pathophysiology, COVID-19OTURMAYA MI GELDİK ! SÜRECİNDE GENÇ KADINLARIN HEDONİK TABANLI BOŞ ZAMANLARINA İLİŞKİN BİR FOTOSES ARAŞTIRMASIFacemask Wearing Chinese International From Hong Kong Studying Kingdom Universities Mixed Method StudyEffect Perceptions Anticipated Need Services, Cost CareRisk Disease (COVID-19)–Associated Hospitalization: COVID-19–Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network Behavioral Factor SystemThe association micronutrient hemogram values COVID‐19 single‐center experience TurkeyThe Commission: reducing 2030Will giant backwards science?Sex hospitalized COVID‐19Parenthood, employment, race: drivers non-compliance lockdown measuresTrends Prognosis: EffectPregnant States pandemic: collision crises ignoreGender Perception, Psychology, Behaviors Spanish StudentsPsychological Distress, Fear Resilient Coping Abilities Healthcare Workers Tertiary First-Line PandemicSex-Related Allelic Frequency Human Beta T Cell Receptor SNP rs1800907: Retrospective Analysis Milan Metropolitan AreaType Diabetes Mellitus Narrative ReviewEffect Co-Morbidities Mexico: Ecological StudyAnxiety, Self-Perception, Worry About Resurgence Reactions Genders Cuban PopulationGender Psychological Responses Infected Uninfected Health-Care Early OutbreakSex More learned!Characteristics Adults Aged 18–49 Years Without Underlying Conditions Hospitalized Laboratory-Confirmed States: COVID-NET—March–August 2020Assessing studyThe age pattern male-to-female mirrors populationImproving translational comorbidities ischaemic heart cardioprotection: position paper ESC Group Cellular Biology HeartSex HealthOlav PhDSex 2019Sex Lung DiseaseEffect Disease: Population-Based StudyRole estradiol supplementation symptomatic postmenopausal females: randomized controlled trialGender SpainStatus Novel Mexico, Until 30th, 2020: StudyTemporal dynamics total excess citiesSex phenotype transitions dying ItalySex‐ Age‐Specific Testing, Cases, Outcomes: Population‐Wide Study Ontario, CanadaCOVID-19 Women–Rheumatologist’s PerspectiveAn Insight Patients: Possible Causes?Inpatient According Level Support Received Severe Acute Syndrome (Coronavirus 2019) Infection: Prospective Multicenter September 2020Volume 173, Issue 5 Page: 385-386 Keywords Obstetrics gynecology Pathogens Scientists Testosterone Treatment guidelines ePublished: Published: Copyright PermissionsCopyright © Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...

Language: Английский

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Sex differences in arterial hypertension

European Heart Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(46), P. 4777 - 4788

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

There is strong evidence that sex chromosomes and hormones influence blood pressure (BP) regulation, distribution of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors co-morbidities differentially in females males with essential arterial hypertension. The for CV disease increases at a lower BP level than males, suggesting sex-specific thresholds diagnosis hypertension may be reasonable. However, due to paucity data, particularly from specifically designed clinical trials, it not yet known whether should differently managed including treatment goals choice dosages antihypertensive drugs. Accordingly, this consensus document was conceived provide comprehensive overview current knowledge on differences development over the life course, hypertension, pathophysiologic mechanisms regulating BP, interaction co-morbidities, hypertension-mediated organ damage heart arteries, impact incident disease, effect treatment. also highlights areas where focused research needed advance prevention management

Language: Английский

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Sex and age differences in COVID-19 mortality in Europe

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133(7-8), P. 393 - 398

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

To examine the magnitude of sex differences in survival from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Europe across age groups and regions. We hypothesized that men have a higher mortality than women at any given but will decrease with as only healthiest survive to older ages.

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Gender to Understand Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Disease

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(5), P. 699 - 710

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Polypharmacy, inappropriate prescribing, and deprescribing in older people: through a sex and gender lens

The Lancet Healthy Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. e290 - e300

Published: May 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Immune system and COVID-19 by sex differences and age

Women s Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

In COVID-19 disease, are reported gender differences in relation to severity and death. The aim of this review is highlight the immune response COVID-19. included studies were identified using PubMed, until 30 October 2020. search following keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, gender, age, sex, system. Literature described that females compared males have greater inflammatory, antiviral, humoral responses. female, estrogen a potential ally alleviate SARS-COV-2 disease. male, testosterone reduces vaccination depresses cytokine response. older patients, particular, female it has been progressive functional decline systems. Differences by infection diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. These data should be confirmed other epidemiological studies.

Language: Английский

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Sex and gender differences in intensive care medicine

Intensive Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 49(10), P. 1155 - 1167

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Despite significant advancements in critical care medicine, limited attention has been given to sex and gender disparities management outcomes of patients admitted the intensive unit (ICU). While "sex" pertains biological physiological characteristics, such as reproductive organs, chromosomes hormones, "gender" refers more sociocultural roles human behavior. Unfortunately, data on gender-related topics ICU are lacking. Consequently, differences admission ICU, clinical course, length stay, mortality, post-ICU burdens, often inconsistent. Moreover, when examining specific diagnoses variations can be observed epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, severity, treatment response due distinct impact hormones immune cardiovascular systems. In this narrative review, we highlight influence management, most encountered conditions, addition potential co-existence unconscious biases which may also illness. Diagnoses with a known predilection will discussed within context underlying physiology, anatomy, pharmacology goal identifying areas where improvement is needed. To optimize patient outcomes, it crucial comprehend address setting personalize accordingly ensure equitable, patient-centered care. Future research should focus elucidating mechanisms driving disparities, well exploring targeted interventions mitigate these improve for all critically ill patients.

Language: Английский

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Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(8), P. 5695 - 5719

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Sex and gender—biological social constructs—significantly impact the prevalence of protective risk factors, influencing burden Alzheimer's disease (AD; amyloid beta tau) other pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular disease) which ultimately shape cognitive trajectories. Understanding interplay these factors is central to understanding resilience resistance mechanisms explaining maintained function reduced pathology accumulation in aging AD. In this narrative review, ADDRESS! Special Interest Group (Alzheimer's Association) adopted a multidisciplinary approach provide foundations recommendations for future research into sex‐ gender‐specific drivers resilience, including sex/gender‐oriented review genetics, AD non‐AD pathologies, brain structure function, animal research. We urge field adopt sex/gender‐aware advance our intricate biological determinants consider sex/gender‐specific throughout stages. Highlights differences decline vary by age status. Initial evidence supports sex‐specific distinctions pathology. Findings suggest sex on cognition. There change transition clinical Gender warrant study: modifiable, immune, inflammatory, vascular.

Language: Английский

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