Exposure to School Racial Segregation and Late-Life Cognitive Outcomes

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. e2452713 - e2452713

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Disparities in cognition, including dementia occurrence, persist between non-Hispanic Black (hereinafter, Black) and White White) older adults, are possibly influenced by early educational differences stemming from structural racism. However, the association school racial segregation later-life cognition remains underexplored.

Language: Английский

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Trajectory of Cognitive Decline Across Different Racial/Ethnic Groups: The Role of Edentulism

Research on Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

This study examines whether age-related cognitive decline varies by race/ethnicity and how edentulism moderates these effects. Data from the Health Retirement Study (2006-2020), including 23,669 respondents aged 51 above across 189,352 person-wave observations were analyzed. Of all respondents, 13.4% edentulous at baseline, with 65.4% identified as non-Hispanic White, 20.5% Black, 14.18% Hispanic. Results linear mixed-effect models indicated that compared to Whites, Hispanic Black participants exhibited lower baseline cognition scores but slower age. For participants, this rate of was attenuated 0.03 units per year (95% CI: -0.06, -0.01, p = .049). The findings highlighted need for targeted interventions policies improve oral health, particularly populations. Addressing health disparities could help mitigate in group reduce racial/ethnic groups.

Language: Английский

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Demographic predictors of cognitive performance in participants of a local substance abuse recovery program

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background Cognitive impairments have been reported among disadvantaged populations. Objective We aimed to ascertain how demographic factors are associated with cognitive performance in individuals enrolled a local substance abuse recovery program. Methods In total, 106 participants were included the study. Besides information, vital signs and function, measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) or Montreal Assessment (MoCA), collected from each participant. Welch's t-test regression analysis used analyze different assessment scores. Results The mean age of African American (AA) (n = 43) 48.35 ± 1.65 years, which older than that for White 38.95 1.36 63) years. Compared AA participants, had larger variance attained education levels. average MMSE scores 27.09 0.40 is lower 28.52 0.33 ( p < 0.05). MoCA 23.71 0.54 AAs, 26.65 0.44 0.001). participant groups impairment rate 18.6% 6.35%, respectively. indicates two significant predictors difference between racial groups. Conclusions Significant disparities exist levels can explain poorer function participants.

Language: Английский

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Place of Birth and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans: Findings From the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol

The Journals of Gerontology Series B, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(9)

Published: July 22, 2024

Abstract Objectives Growing evidence suggests that place of birth (PoB) and related circumstances may have long-lasting multiplicative contributions to various later-life outcomes. However, the specific different domains cognitive function in late life remain less understood. This study investigated extent which state contributes a wide range function. Methods A nationally representative sample Americans aged 65 older (N = 3,333) from Health Retirement Study (HRS) Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) was utilized. assessed HCAP linked HRS data explore contribution PoB disparities. Regression-based Shapley decompositions were employed quantify this contribution. Results significantly contributed all including memory, executive function, language fluency, visuospatial orientation, general Geographic disparities evident across PoB, with individuals born U.S. southern states foreign-born performing worse than those other states. Overall, accounted for 2.2%–9.7% total variance cognition after adjusting age, sex, race/ethnicity. declined 2.0%–7.0% further comprehensive socioeconomic health factors over course, robust control current residence. Discussion has lasting cognition, significant geographic observed. Addressing these requires more equalized place-based policies, resources, early-life environments promote equity course.

Language: Английский

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Early-Life Education Quality and Quantity

JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association of Childhood Exposure to School Racial Segregation with Late-Life Cognitive Outcomes among Older Americans

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 21, 2024

Abstract IMPORTANCE Disparities in cognition, including dementia occurrence, persist between White and Black older adults, are possibly influenced by early educational differences stemming from structural racism. However, the relationship school racial segregation later-life cognition remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE To investigate association childhood contextual exposure to cognitive outcomes later life. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data 16,625 non-Hispanic (hereafter, White) 3,335 Black) Americans aged 65 or were analyzed Health Retirement Study. EXPOSURES State-level White-Black dissimilarity index for public elementary schools late 1960s (range: 0-100) was used measure segregation. States categorized into high (≥83.6) low (<83.6) based on top quintile. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Cognitive scores, impairment (with without dementia), assessed using Telephone Interview Status (TICS) proxy assessment. Multilevel regression analyses conducted, adjusting demographic covariates, socioeconomic status, health factors. Stratified race performed. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of participants 78.5 (5.7) years, 11,208 (56.2%) female. Participants exposed exhibited lower scores (12.6 vs. 13.6; P <0.001) higher prevalence (50.8% vs 41.4%; (26.0% 19.5%; <0.001), compared those with exposure. revealed a significant negative even after sequentially potential confounders, these associations stronger among than participants. Notably, fully adjusted model, displayed significantly (−0.51; 95% CI: −0.94, −0.09) likelihood (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 1.45, 1.22, 1.72) (aOR: 1.31, 1.06, 1.63). CONCLUSIONS RELEVANCE Our study underscores that state-level is associated late-life especially Americans. Given rising trend US, policies aimed at reducing crucial address inequities. Clinicians can leverage patients’ early-life circumstances promote screening, prevention, management disorders. Key Points Questions Is during life Americans? Findings In this nationally representative sample, adults levels had an increased These remained comprehensive array factors over course, more pronounced Meaning findings suggest investments reduce could have lasting benefits equity, spotlighting as important form racism US. Ascertainment help efficient equitable clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Place of Birth and Cognitive Function Among Older Americans: Findings from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol

SSRN Electronic Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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