Frailty in Older Adults

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 391(6), P. 538 - 548

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Interventions in Depression: The Role of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Neuropsychiatric Health

Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 270 - 280

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Relationship between fatty acid intake and aging: a Mendelian randomization study

Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 5711 - 5739

Published: March 26, 2024

Background: Observational studies have previously shown a possible link between fatty acids and aging-related diseases, raising questions about its health implications. However, the causal relationship two remains uncertain. Methods: Univariable multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to analyze five types of acids—polyunsaturated acid (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), saturated (SFA), Omega-6 (Omega-6 FA), Omega-3 (Omega-3 FA) three markers aging: telomere length (TL), frailty index (FI), facial aging (FclAg). The primary approach for analysis involved utilizing inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, with additional supplementary methods employed. Results: Univariate MR revealed that MUFA, PUFA, SFA, were positively associated TL (MUFA OR: 1.019, 95% CI: 1.006-1.033; PUFA 1.014, 1.002-1.026; SFA 1.016, 1.002-1.031; FAs OR=1.031, 1.006-1.058). also higher FI (OR: 1.033, 1.009-1.057). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting mutual influences among acids, MUFA independently 1.1508, CI = 1.0724-1.2350; 1.1670, 1.0497-1.2973, while negatively correlated 0.8005, 0.7045-0.9096). Conclusions: Our research presents compelling evidence association certain indicators process. particular, may play role in slowing down process, SFAs contribute accelerated aging. These findings could significant implications dietary recommendations aimed at promoting healthy

Language: Английский

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Sunlight: Time for a Rethink?

Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 144(8), P. 1724 - 1732

Published: April 24, 2024

Multiple strands of evidence point to the importance sunlight on health, but research in this field has been limited by focus dermatology community almost exclusively harmful effects (American Academy Dermatology, 2022American DermatologyPractice safe sun.https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/sun-protection/shade-clothing-sunscreen/practice-safe-sunDate: 2022Date accessed: November 24, 2023Google Scholar; National Health Service, 2022National ServiceSunscreen and sun safety.https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/seasonal-health/sunscreen-and-sun-safety/Date: Scholar) absence involvement nondermatologists considering wider health outcomes related exposure. I would like conclude highlighting 2 areas.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 816 - 816

Published: May 11, 2023

It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning knowledge that disease intimately tied to neurodegenerative disorders, affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems well leading dementia, seventh cause of death. New innovative therapeutic strategies address metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling with erythropoietin (EPO), risk factors apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can offer valuable insights for clinical care treatment disorders impacted by disease. Critical insight into modulation these complex pathways are required since mTOR pathways, AMPK activation, improve memory retention in Alzheimer's (AD) DM, promote healthy aging, facilitate clearance β-amyloid (Aß) tau brain, control inflammation, but also may lead cognitive loss long-COVID syndrome through mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial cytokine release, APOE-ε4 if autophagy other programmed cell death left unchecked.

Language: Английский

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Pentadecanoic Acid (C15:0), an Essential Fatty Acid, Shares Clinically Relevant Cell-Based Activities with Leading Longevity-Enhancing Compounds

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4607 - 4607

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) is an essential odd-chain saturated fatty with broad activities relevant to protecting cardiometabolic, immune, and liver health. C15:0 activates AMPK inhibits mTOR, both of which are core components the human longevity pathway. To assess potential for enhance processes associated healthspan, we used cell-based molecular phenotyping assays compare three longevity-enhancing candidates: acarbose, metformin, rapamycin. (n = 36 in 10 12 cell systems) rapamycin 32 had most clinically relevant, dose-dependent activities. At their optimal doses, (17 µM) (9 shared 24 across systems, including anti-inflammatory (e.g., lowered MCP-1, TNFα, IL-10, IL-17A/F), antifibrotic, anticancer activities, further supported by previously published vitro vivo studies. Paired prior demonstrated abilities target pathways, hallmarks aging, aging rate biomarkers, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancer, nonalcoholic our results support as nutrient equivalent to, or surpassing, leading candidate compounds.

Language: Английский

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The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health: The VITAL and DO-Health Trials

The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 78(Supplement_1), P. 73 - 78

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract Previous clinical trials and systematic reviews on the effects of supplemental vitamin D musculoskeletal outcomes are conflicting. In this paper, we review literature summarize a high daily dose 2 000 IU in generally healthy adults, men (≥50 years) women (≥55 5.3-year US VITamin OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) trial (n = 25 871) (≥70 3-year European DO-HEALTH 157). These studies found no benefit IU/d nonvertebral fractures, falls, functional decline, or frailty. VITAL, supplementation with did not reduce risk total hip fractures. subcohort improve bone density structure 771) physical performance measures 1 054). DO-HEALTH, which investigated additive benefits omega-3 simple home exercise program, 3 treatments combined showed significant 39% decreased odds becoming prefrail compared to control. The mean baseline 25(OH)D levels were 30.7 ± 10 ng/mL VITAL 22.4 8.0 increased 41.2 37.6 treatment groups, respectively. D-replete older adults preselected for deficiency low mass osteoporosis, had health benefits. findings may apply individuals very levels, gastrointestinal disorders causing malabsorption, those osteoporosis.

Language: Английский

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Interventions to prevent the onset of frailty in adults aged 60 and older (PRAE-Frail): a systematic review and network meta-analysis

European Geriatric Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 26, 2024

Abstract Purpose Frailty in older adults is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes, while evidence on its successful prevention has been scarce. Therefore, we analyzed the effectiveness of different interventions for frailty onset. Methods In this systematic review, eight databases were searched randomized controlled trials non-frail (i.e., robust or pre-frail) aged ≥ 60 years that assessed incidence at follow-up. Additive component network meta-analysis (CNMA) was conducted to isolate effect intervention types main outcome incidence, reporting relative risk (RR) 95% confidence intervals (CI). The gait speed as an additional using a classic and standardized mean difference (SMD) CI. Results We screened 24,263 records identified 11 eligible trials. Nine (842 participants, all categorized according physical phenotype) pre-frail (seven RCTs) robust/pre-frail (two included CNMA. Physical exercise significantly reduced follow-up (RR 0.26, CI 0.08; 0.83), not found nutritional 1.16, 0.33; 4.10). Interventions based also improved (SMD 1.55, 1.16; 1.95). addition, 22 trial protocols without published results identified. Conclusion appear be effective preventing onset adults. Although available data are still limited, from ongoing may add body foreseeable future.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Supplemental Vitamin D3, Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Physical Performance Measures in the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2024

Abstract Context Declining muscle strength and performance in older adults are associated with falls, fractures, premature death. Objective This work aimed to determine whether supplementation vitamin D3 or omega-3 fatty acids vs placebo for 2 years improves physical measures. Methods VITamin D OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial of supplemental and/or the prevention cancer cardiovascular disease 25 871 US adults. ancillary study completed New England subcohort that had in-person evaluations at baseline 2-year follow-up. conducted 1054 participants (age: men ≥50 women ≥55 years) Center Clinical Investigations Boston. Interventions included × factorial design (cholecalciferol, 2000 IU/day) marine (1 g/day). Main outcome measures changes grip strength, walking speed, standing balance, repeated chair stands, Timed-up Go (TUG). Results At years, all groups showed worsening speeds TUG. There were no differences speeds, Short Physical Performance Battery (composite stands), TUG between D3-treated placebo-treated omega-3-treated groups. Effects overall did not vary by sex, age, body mass index, total free 25-hydroxyvitamin (25[OH]D) plasma index; slightly worsened supplementation, compared placebo, 25(OH)D levels above median (P = .01; P interaction .04). Conclusion Neither nor improved this generally healthy adult population.

Language: Английский

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