JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 185(1), P. 120 - 120
Published: Nov. 11, 2024
Language: Английский
JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184(7), P. 840 - 840
Published: May 20, 2024
This cross-sectional study examines the association between edible cannabis legalization and emergency department visits for poisonings in older adults.
Language: Английский
Citations
9
The Lancet Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. e148 - e159
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
SummaryCannabis consumption is legally prohibited in most countries the world. Several are legalising cannabis for adult consumption. It important to monitor public health effects of these policy changes. In this paper, we summarise evidence date on legalisation non-medical use Canada and USA. We describe regulatory models legalisation, changes products pricing, illicit market, use, cannabis-related physical mental harms. discuss challenges assessing outcomes emphasise importance continuous rigorous monitoring adverse inform design policies regulations.
Language: Английский
Citations
1
EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69, P. 102455 - 102455
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
BackgroundThere is ongoing uncertainty about whether cannabis use increases the risk of developing an anxiety disorder. In this study we estimated having incident healthcare visit for disorder following emergency department (ED) and explored factors associated with increased risk.MethodsWe used health administrative data to perform a population-based cohort all individuals aged 10–105 years no previous visits disorders in Ontario, Canada, between January 2008 March 2019. We compared ED or hospital (primary analysis) additionally outpatient setting (secondary members general population using cumulative incidence functions cause-specific hazard models adjusted relevant confounders.FindingsOur included 12,099,144 without prior care hospital, which 34,822 (0.29%) had due cannabis. Within 3-years cannabis, 12.3% (n = 4294) hospitalization disorder—a 3.7-fold (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 3.69 95% CI 3.57–3.82) relative (1.2%). secondary analysis, further excluding disorders, 23.6% visit, within 5.6% (aHR 3.88 3.77–2.99). The was higher across age sex strata. However, younger males 5.67 5.19–6.21) greater than women 3.22 2.95–3.52).InterpretationED were disorder, particularly young males. These findings have important clinical policy implications given increasing over time trend towards legalization cannabis.FundingCanadian Institutes Health Research.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
The Lancet Regional Health - Americas, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 100773 - 100773
Published: May 17, 2024
Cannabis is the most commonly used non-legal drug, especially among young people. In 2018, Canada implemented legalization of non-medical cannabis use and supply for adults.1Fischer B. Jutras-Aswad D. Hall W. Outcomes associated with nonmedical policy in Canada: taking stock at 5-year mark.CMAJ. 2023; 195: E1351-E1353Crossref PubMed Scopus (4) Google Scholar This reform was framed by multiple primary objectives, which included improved public health, safety youth protection, specifically pledging to "keep out hands youth". Under formal umbrella ('Cannabis Act'), may be legally accessed adults ages 19-and-up provinces (with Alberta [18 years] Quebec [21 exceptions).1Fischer While extensive prevention education campaigns have been launched, underage criminally charged possession small (>5 g) dried or equivalents. Underage (adolescent) are a distinctly important vulnerable group cannabis-related risks several reasons. First, Canadian rates traditionally high (e.g., 25–45% 16–17). Second, adolescents, beyond general substance use-related susceptibilities, well-documented elevated risk severe adverse cognitive, mental psycho-social) health outcomes from intensive frequent/high-potency) and/or long-term use.2Lorenzetti V. Hoch E. Adolescent use, cognition, brain educational outcomes: review evidence.Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2020; 36: 169-180Crossref (69) On this basis, it has questioned how well its implications would serve welfare youth, best design these essential good interests mind. More than 5-years following implementation Canada, select—while limited—empirical data document main adolescents socio-legal domains. For key examples, national Survey (CCS), prevalence (in past 12-months) 16–19 years increased 36% 2018 43% 2023.3Government CanadaCanadian 2023: summary results.https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis/research-data/canadian-cannabis-survey-2023-summary.htmlDate: 2024Date accessed: April 7, 2024Google Somewhat differently, secondary students (grades 7–12) remained steady Student Tobacco, Alcohol Drugs (18% both 2018/19 & 2021/22 waves) provincial Ontario Drug Use Health (19% 2017 17% 2021), while however surveys indicating >30% grades 11 12.4Centre Addiction Mental (CAMH)The well-being - findings 2021 student drug survey.https://canadacommons.ca/artifacts/2369190/the-well-being/3390205/Date 16, Scholar,5Health CanadaThe Student, 2021-2022 results.https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/canadian-student-tobacco-alcohol-drugs-survey/2021-2022-summary.htmlDate Complementary indicate that initial (2018–2019), compared pre-legalization (2001–2017) 31% likelihood any 40% daily 98% dependence students.6Imtiaz S. Nigatu Y.T. Sanches M. et al.Effects legalisation on patterns consumption Ontario, (2001-2019).Drug Rev. 2024; 43: 764-774Crossref (0) Among under-age (<18 years) (<19 years), 20% increase-equivalent (2015–2019) emergency department visits involving disorder/poisoning, there were (moderate) increases psychosis, poisoning, withdrawal, harmful use) hospitalizations individuals (ages 15–24) Canada's four largest provinces, during legalization's 'commercialization' (2020–2021) (2015–2018) period.7Callaghan R.C. Vander Heiden J. Kish S.J. Impact disorders poisoning Alberta, 2015–2019.Drug 42: 1104-1113Crossref (3) Scholar,8Myran D.T. Gaudreault A. Konikoff L. Talarico R. Liccardo Pacula Changes cannabis-attributable Canada.JAMA Netw Open. 6e2336113https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.36113Crossref outcomes, CCS found adolescent users, 41% usually obtained their "legal purchases" legal store/website) "social sources" family/friends) almost none reporting (1%) "illegal" sourcing activities annual driving immediately (i.e. within 1 hour) (holding driver's license) majorly declined 19.9% 2001 6.8% 2019, no changes legalization.9Imtiaz Ali F. al.Cannabis under influence alcohol adult drivers (2001–2019).Drug Depend. 255: 111060https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111060Crossref Police-enforced offenses (12–17 significantly decreased (from 32,000 2,508 male 8,971 558 female pre- post-legalization (2018–2021) periods.10Callaghan Hathaway Asbridge MacDonald police-reported criminal incidents 2015–2021.Drug : 109892https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109892Crossref Yet, despite similar declines, (i.e., use-related) (adolescent males: 29,015/1603; females: 8377/367) as respective relative majorities enforced period.10Callaghan Despite supposed 'ban' advertisement two-thirds (63%) reported exposure advertisements promotions Half-a-decade into consequential 'normalization' environment cannabis, we observe mixed picture developments outcome indicators underage/adolescent Canada. comparably levels, selected hospitalizations), some risk-behaviors increased. With commercialization common, adolescents' practices shifted predominantly 'illegal' 'legal' (albeit so only adults) 'grey' 'social') sources. Cannabis-related enforcement markedly reduced; however, (possession) remain disproportionately against individuals, whom related consequences punishment, record-entries, stigma) particularly severe. The—widely promoted—objective effective access reduction particular age not achieved through legalization. The results generally those observed US-based settings.11Hammond C.J. Chaney Hendrickson Sharma P. U.S. era marijuana legalization: changing patterns, comorbidity, correlates.Int Rev Psychiatry. 32: 221-234Crossref (90) We infer overall evaluation impact arguably concern crucially depends variably increasing health-related problems weighted substantive benefit outcomes.11Hammond Also observations recent 'Cannabis Act', tangible need opportunity adjustments parameters towards better serving welfare.1Fischer Scholar,12Government CanadaLegislative Act. Final report expert panel.https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/drugs-medication/legislative-review-cannabis-act-final-report-expert-panel.html#a1Date 25, Related efforts should include comprehensive evidence-based prevention) measures lower continuously (and high-risk) shielding them from—direct indirect—access products fallouts promotion/advertisement) commercialization. At same time, categorically recommend criminalization due excessive present contexts. These insights helpful also other jurisdictions contemplating development BF developed concept article; all authors collected interpreted study. led manuscript writing; DJA TR edited revised intellectual content. Dr. Fischer held research grants contracts areas funding government organizations public-only sources) last five years; temporarily employed Research Scientist (2021–2022). had received study materials (oral cannabidiol inhaled THC) publicly funded clinical trials examining behavioral, cognitive biological effects cannabinoids. He employed, owned stocks nor honoraria payments Cardiol Therapeutics Exka. Mrs. Robinson competing declare. Funding: acknowledges fellowship Max-Planck-Society, Germany. scientist career award Fonds de Recherche du Québec (FRQS). supported specific sponsor funder.
Language: Английский
Citations
5
Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 351, P. 853 - 862
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Cannabis use may increase the risk of self-harm, but whether legalization cannabis is associated with changes in self-harm unknown. We examined cannabis-involvement emergency department (ED) visits for after liberalization medical and non-medical Canada.
Language: Английский
Citations
4
American Journal on Addictions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: March 2, 2025
Abstract Background and Objectives Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have an elevated risk of cannabis use disorder. However, the effect legalization on among individuals PTSD is unclear. We evaluated changes in involvement emergency department (ED) visits for after medical nonmedical Ontario, Canada. Methods This repeated cross‐sectional study used health administrative data to identify all ED Ontario residents aged 10–105 between 2008 2022 ( n = 15.7 million). identified a co‐diagnosis (main exposure) or alcohol (control condition) examined across four policy periods (medical restrictions, expanded legalization, commercial expansion) using Poisson models. Results Among 381,450 visits, 4593 (1.29%) co‐involved 11,625 (3.05%) alcohol. Rates increased by 151% (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]: 2.51; 95% CI: 2.24, 2.82) first last (0.13 vs. 0.33 per 100,000 individuals), while alcohol‐involvement 58% (IRR: 1.58; 1.47, 1.68). Cannabis steadily over period, no significant association this trend. Discussion Conclusions has time during period liberalization policy, but may be attributed access normalization rather than directly. Scientific Significance Findings underscore need improved detection targeted interventions disordered regions legalized cannabis.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 104793 - 104793
Published: April 7, 2025
Recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) is being adopted by a growing number of jurisdictions internationally. RCL aims to displace the illegal market and has potential disrupt medical market, yet few studies have examined these dynamics empirically. We used interrupted time series analysis evaluate whether (legislative passage in October 2017/implementation 2018) was associated with changes quarterly national household expenditures on cannabis, all types combined (licensed, illegal, medical) Canada from 2001 2023, adjusting for price fluctuations. When passed, represented 11.8 % 88.2 %. At five years post-RCL implementation, decreased 3.7 %, 24.3 licensed took over 72.0 market. The overall increased size 75 5 years. Illegal between implementation but immediately post-implementation had significant decreasing trend. Medical trend following passage, lesser extent implementation. Total showed increasing time. Some caution should be interpreting findings given uncertainty data quality, particularly (and extension). appears achieving one its primary goals displacing users also appear transitioning recreational However, grown substantially since legalization, which could adverse implications public health.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Can J Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 7, 2025
Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to examine whether cannabis exposure calls the British Columbia Drug and Poison Information Centre (DPIC) were impacted by legalization non-medical in Canada. Methods We fit interrupted time series models monthly counts cases from 2013 2021, stratified age form. set intervention month October 2018 for involving inhaled dried ingestible oils capsules. January 2020 edibles concentrates reflect their commercial rollout after 2019 legalization. Results DPIC managed 3989 between 2021. rate (95% CI) all increased 17% (14%, 20%) annually highest pre-legalization increase pediatric edible with 52% (36%, 69%) 57% (35%, 82%) annual increases among children aged 5 under 6 12, respectively. Upon legalization, consuming oil capsule products spiked 26% (− 19%, 96%) followed a decrease, but remaining higher than rate. Legalization did not have an immediate effect on or cannabis, which continued post-legalization, albeit at slower rates. Conclusion Regardless contributing factors case trends DPIC, these data highlight importance poisoning prevention policies, promotion low-risk use, routine surveillance.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
JAMA Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown
Published: April 14, 2025
Importance Cannabis use is associated with short-term memory impairment and long-term changes in brain structure; however, little known about whether disordered cannabis an increased risk of a dementia diagnosis. Objective To investigate the association between emergency department visits or hospitalizations (acute care encounters) due to future Design, Setting, Participants Population-based, retrospective, matched cohort study using health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, 2008 2021 (with follow-up until 2022) including all individuals aged 45 105 years living Ontario who were eligible did not have diagnosis at entry (2 620 083 excluded). Exposure Individuals incident acute use, defined International Classification Diseases Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision coding. Main Outcomes Measures We used cause-specific adjusted hazard models compare new diagnoses (from validated algorithm) (1) all-cause (excluding cannabis), (2) general population, (3) alcohol use. Results The included 6 086 794 individuals, whom 16 275 (0.3%) had (mean age, 55.2 [SD, 8.3] years; 60.3% male). Annual rates 5.0-fold 64 10.16 50.65 per 100 000) 26.7-fold 65 older 0.65 16.99 2021. 1.5-fold 3.9-fold within 5 relative population same age sex, respectively (absolute diagnosis: 5.0% for cannabis-related care, 3.6% 1.3% population). After adjustment sociodemographics chronic conditions, remained elevated those (adjusted ratio [aHR], 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.39) (aHR, 1.72; 1.38-2.15). lower than 0.69; 0.62-0.76). Conclusions Relevance severe enough require hospital-based compared population. These findings important implications considering increasing among adults.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 142, P. 104838 - 104838
Published: May 16, 2025
Language: Английский
Citations
0