Normative Modeling of Brain Morphometry in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis

JAMA Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81(1), P. 77 - 77

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

The lack of robust neuroanatomical markers psychosis risk has been traditionally attributed to heterogeneity. A complementary hypothesis is that variation in measures individuals at may be nested within the range observed healthy individuals.

Language: Английский

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Using brain structural neuroimaging measures to predict psychosis onset for individuals at clinical high-risk

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 1465 - 1477

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Abstract Machine learning approaches using structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) can be informative for disease classification, although their ability to predict psychosis is largely unknown. We created a model with individuals at CHR who developed later (CHR-PS+) from healthy controls (HCs) that differentiate each other. also evaluated whether we could distinguish CHR-PS+ those did not develop (CHR-PS-) and uncertain follow-up status (CHR-UNK). T1-weighted brain MRI scans 1165 (CHR-PS+, n = 144; CHR-PS-, 793; CHR-UNK, 228), 1029 HCs, were obtained 21 sites. used ComBat harmonize measures of subcortical volume, cortical thickness surface area data corrected non-linear effects age sex general additive model. ( 120) HC 799) 20 sites served as training dataset, which build classifier. The remaining samples external validation datasets evaluate classifier performance (test, independent confirmatory, group [CHR-PS- CHR-UNK] datasets). accuracy the on confirmatory was 85% 73% respectively. Regional measures-including right superior frontal, temporal, bilateral insular cortices strongly contributed classifying HC. CHR-PS- CHR-UNK more likely classified compared (classification rate HC: CHR-PS+, 30%; 73%; 80%). multisite sMRI train onset in individuals, it showed promise predicting an sample. results suggest when considering adolescent development, baseline may helpful identify prognosis. Future prospective studies are required about actually clinical settings.

Language: Английский

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Beyond case-control study in neuroimaging for psychiatric disorders: Harmonizing and utilizing the brain images from multiple sites

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 171, P. 106063 - 106063

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Structural Brain Images in Chronic Schizophrenia to Earlier Clinical Stages of Psychosis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multiprotocol Imaging Dataset Study

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 563 - 574

Published: Feb. 27, 2022

Machine learning approaches using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be informative for disease classification; however, their applicability to earlier clinical stages of psychosis and other spectra is unknown. We evaluated whether a model differentiating patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ) from healthy controls (HCs) could applied such as first-episode (FEP), ultra-high risk (UHR), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).Total 359 T1-weighted MRI scans, including 154 individuals (UHR, n = 37; FEP, 24; ChSZ, 93), 64 ASD, 141 HCs, were obtained three acquisition protocols. Of these, data regarding ChSZ (n 75) HC 101) two protocols used build classifier (training dataset). The remainder was evaluate the (test, independent confirmatory, group datasets). Scanner protocol effects diminished ComBat.The accuracy test confirmatory datasets 75% 76%, respectively. bilateral pallidum inferior frontal gyrus pars triangularis strongly contributed classifying ChSZ. Schizophrenia more likely classified compared ASD (classification rate ChSZ: UHR, 41%; 54%; 70%; 19%; HC, 21%).We built multiple brain images applicable samples different spectra. predictive information useful applying neuroimaging techniques differential diagnosis predicting onset earlier.

Language: Английский

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Schizophrenia: A developmental disorder with a risk of non-specific but avoidable decline

Schizophrenia Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 243, P. 181 - 186

Published: April 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Hippocampal circuit dysfunction in psychosis

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Despite strong evidence of the neurodevelopmental origins psychosis, current pharmacological treatment is not usually initiated until after a clinical diagnosis made, and focussed on antagonising striatal dopamine receptors. These drugs are only partially effective, have serious side effects, fail to alleviate negative cognitive symptoms disorder, useful as preventive treatment. In recent years, attention has turned upstream brain regions that regulate function, such hippocampus. This review draws together these data discuss why hippocampus may be especially vulnerable in pathophysiology psychosis. First, we describe trajectory its susceptibility dysfunction, exploring this region's proneness structural functional imbalances, metabolic pressures, oxidative stress. We then examine mechanisms hippocampal dysfunction psychosis individuals at high-risk for how when abnormalities targeted groups. conclude with future directions prospective studies unlock discovery novel therapeutic strategies targeting circuit imbalances prevent or delay onset

Language: Английский

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Cortical and subcortical neuroanatomical signatures of schizotypy in 3004 individuals assessed in a worldwide ENIGMA study

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 1167 - 1176

Published: Oct. 27, 2021

Abstract Neuroanatomical abnormalities have been reported along a continuum from at-risk stages, including high schizotypy, to early and chronic psychosis. However, comprehensive neuroanatomical mapping of schizotypy remains be established. The authors conducted the first large-scale meta-analyses cortical subcortical morphometric patterns in healthy individuals, compared these with observed major psychiatric disorders. sample comprised 3004 unmedicated individuals (12–68 years, 46.5% male) 29 cohorts worldwide ENIGMA Schizotypy working group. Cortical effect size maps scores were generated using standardized methods. Pattern similarities assessed between schizotypy-related comparisons schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD) depression (MDD) patients controls. Thicker right medial orbitofrontal/ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mOFC/vmPFC) was associated higher ( r = 0.067, p FDR 0.02). thickness profile positively correlated SZ 0.285, spin 0.024), but not BD 0.166, 0.205) or MDD −0.274, 0.073). volume pattern negatively (rho −0.690, 0.006), −0.672, 0.009), −0.692, 0.004). Comprehensive brain morphometry general population revealed significant relationship thicker mOFC/vmPFC, absence confounding effects due antipsychotic medication disease chronicity. similarity yields new insights into dimensional neurobiological continuity across extended psychosis phenotype.

Language: Английский

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Neuroanatomical heterogeneity and homogeneity in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 26, 2022

Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) demonstrate heterogeneity in clinical profiles and outcome features. However, the extent of neuroanatomical CHR-P state is largely undetermined. We aimed to quantify structural magnetic resonance imaging measures cortical surface area (SA), thickness (CT), subcortical volume (SV), intracranial (ICV) individuals compared with healthy controls (HC), relation subsequent transition a first episode psychosis. The ENIGMA consortium applied harmonised analysis neuroimaging data across 29 international sites, including 1579 1243 HC, offering largest pooled dataset date. Regional was indexed Variability Ratio (VR) Coefficient Variation (CV) ratio group level. Personalised estimates SA, CT SV brain were novel Person-Based Similarity Index (PBSI), two complementary applications. First, assess within-diagnosis similarity or divergence between individuals. Second, using normative modelling approach, 'normativeness' CHR-P. demonstrated no greater regional after applying FDR corrections. PBSI scores indicated significantly global HC. Normative identified 11 (0.70%) marked deviation (>1.5 SD) 118 (7.47%) 161 (10.20%) SV. not associated any measure heterogeneity. Overall, our examination within an individual level, irrespective psychosis conversion. Further large-scale investigations are required those who deviation.

Language: Английский

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A 10-Year Longitudinal Study of Brain Cortical Thickness in People with First-Episode Psychosis Using Normative Models

Schizophrenia Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Background Clinical forecasting models have potential to optimize treatment and improve outcomes in psychosis, but predicting long-term is challenging follow-up data are scarce. In this 10-year longitudinal study, we aimed characterize the temporal evolution of cortical correlates psychosis their associations with symptoms. Design Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from people first-episode controls (n = 79 218) were obtained at enrollment, after 12 months 67 197), 10 years 23 77), within Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) study. Normative for thickness estimated on public MRI datasets 42 983) applied TOP obtain deviation scores each region timepoint. Positive Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) acquired timepoint along registry data. Linear mixed effects assessed diagnosis, time, interactions deviations plus Results LMEs revealed conditional main diagnosis time × a distributed network, where negative patients attenuate over time. patients, symptoms also anterior cingulate PANSS total, insular orbitofrontal regions scores. Conclusions This study pattern differences which attenuated together reduction These findings not line simple neurodegenerative account schizophrenia, normative offer promising avenue develop biomarkers track clinical trajectories

Language: Английский

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Longitudinal trajectories of cortical development in 22q11.2 copy number variants and typically developing controls

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 4181 - 4190

Published: July 27, 2022

Abstract Probing naturally-occurring, reciprocal genomic copy number variations (CNVs) may help us understand mechanisms that underlie deviations from typical brain development. Cross-sectional studies have identified prominent reductions in cortical surface area (SA) and increased thickness (CT) 22q11.2 deletion carriers (22qDel), with the opposite pattern duplication (22qDup), but longitudinal trajectories of these anomalies—and their relationship to clinical symptomatology—are unknown. Here, we examined neuroanatomic changes within a cohort 261 CNV demographically-matched typically developing (TD) controls (84 22qDel, 34 22qDup, 143 TD; mean age 18.35, ±10.67 years; 50.47% female). A total 431 magnetic resonance imaging scans (164 59 208 TD control scans; interscan interval = 20.27 months) were examined. Longitudinal FreeSurfer analysis pipelines used parcellate cortex calculate average CT SA for each region. First, general additive mixed models (GAMMs) identify regions between-group differences developmental trajectories. Secondly, investigated whether associated outcomes. Developmental more protracted 22qDel relative 22qDup. 22qDup failed show normative age-related decreases. individuals psychosis spectrum symptoms showed two distinct periods altered without psychotic symptoms. In contrast, autism diagnoses early alterations Collectively, results provide new insights into neurodevelopment carriers, which shed light on neural underlying

Language: Английский

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