Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(24), P. 2130 - 2130
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
The
nucleus
serves
as
a
pivotal
regulatory
and
control
hub
in
the
cell,
governing
numerous
aspects
of
cellular
functions,
including
DNA
replication,
transcription,
RNA
processing.
Therefore,
any
deviations
nuclear
morphology,
structure,
or
organization
can
strongly
affect
activities.
In
this
review,
we
provide
an
updated
perspective
on
structure
function
components,
focusing
linker
nucleoskeleton
cytoskeleton
complex,
envelope,
lamina,
chromatin.
Additionally,
size
should
be
considered
fundamental
parameter
for
state.
Its
regulation
is
tightly
linked
to
environmental
changes,
development,
various
diseases,
cancer.
Hence,
also
concise
overview
different
mechanisms
by
which
determined,
emerging
role
mechanical
sensor,
implications
altered
morphology
physiology
diseased
cells.
Journal of Cell Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
138(5)
Published: March 1, 2025
The
ability
of
cells
to
sense
and
respond
mechanical
signals
is
essential
for
many
biological
processes
that
form
the
basis
cell
identity,
tissue
development
maintenance.
This
process,
known
as
mechanotransduction,
involves
crucial
feedback
between
force
biochemical
signals,
including
epigenomic
modifications
establish
transcriptional
programs.
These
programs,
in
turn,
reinforce
properties
its
withstand
perturbation.
nucleus
has
long
been
hypothesized
play
a
key
role
mechanotransduction
due
direct
exposure
forces
transmitted
through
cytoskeleton,
receiving
cytoplasmic
central
function
gene
regulation.
However,
parsing
out
specific
contributions
from
those
surface
cytoplasm
remains
substantial
challenge.
In
this
Review,
we
examine
latest
evidence
on
how
regulates
both
via
nuclear
envelope
(NE)
epigenetic
machinery
elements
within
interior.
We
also
explore
establishing
memory,
characterized
by
mechanical,
transcriptomic
state
persists
after
stimuli
cease.
Finally,
discuss
current
challenges
field
present
technological
advances
are
poised
overcome
them.
Current Opinion in Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(2), P. 82 - 92
Published: Jan. 17, 2024
Purpose
of
review
This
emphasizes
the
role
epigenetic
processes
as
incidental
changes
occurring
during
aging,
which,
in
turn,
promote
development
cancer.
Recent
findings
Aging
is
a
complex
biological
process
associated
with
progressive
deterioration
normal
physiological
functions,
making
age
significant
risk
factor
for
various
disorders,
including
The
increasing
longevity
population
has
made
cancer
global
burden,
developing
most
cancers
increases
due
to
cumulative
effect
exposure
environmental
carcinogens
and
DNA
replication
errors.
classical
‘somatic
mutation
theory’
cause
being
challenged
by
observation
that
multiple
cells
harbor
driver
mutations
without
resulting
In
this
review,
we
discuss
age-associated
alterations,
methylation,
which
occur
across
all
cell
types
tissues
advancing
age.
There
an
body
evidence
linking
these
prognosis.
Summary
A
better
understanding
about
acquired
aging
critical
comprehending
mechanisms
leading
increase
novel
therapeutic
strategies
treatment
prevention.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(2)
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Abstract
Historically
considered
downstream
effects
of
tumorigenesis—arising
from
changes
in
DNA
content
or
chromatin
organization—nuclear
alterations
have
long
been
seen
as
mere
prognostic
markers
within
a
genome‐centric
model
cancer.
However,
recent
findings
placed
the
nuclear
envelope
(NE)
at
forefront
tumor
progression,
highlighting
its
active
role
mediating
cellular
responses
to
mechanical
forces.
Despite
significant
progress,
precise
interplay
between
NE
components
and
cancer
progression
remains
under
debate.
In
this
review,
we
provide
comprehensive
up‐to‐date
overview
how
composition
affect
mechanics
facilitate
malignant
transformation,
grounded
latest
molecular
functional
studies.
We
also
review
research
that
uses
advanced
technologies,
including
artificial
intelligence,
predict
malignancy
risk
treatment
outcomes
by
analyzing
morphology.
Finally,
discuss
progress
understanding
has
paved
way
for
mechanotherapy—a
promising
approach
exploits
differences
cancerous
healthy
cells.
Shifting
perspective
on
diagnostic
potential
therapeutic
targets,
calls
further
investigation
into
evolving
cancer,
innovative
strategies
transform
conventional
therapies.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(7), P. 3184 - 3184
Published: March 29, 2025
Antiretroviral
therapy
(ART)
has
significantly
improved
the
prognosis
of
human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV-1)
infection.
Although
ART
can
suppress
plasma
viremia
below
detectable
levels,
it
cannot
eradicate
HIV-1
DNA
(provirus)
integrated
into
host
cell
genome.
This
integration
often
results
in
unrepaired
damage
due
to
HIV-1-induced
inhibition
repair
pathways.
Furthermore,
infection
causes
telomere
attrition
chromosomes,
a
critical
factor
contributing
CD4+
T
senescence
and
apoptosis.
proteins
induce
damage,
block
replication,
activate
responses
across
various
organs.
In
this
review,
we
explore
multiple
aspects
intricate
interactions
between
genome
involved
depletion,
inflammaging,
clonal
expansion
infected
cells
long-term-treated
patients,
viral
latency.
We
discuss
molecular
mechanisms
that
contribute
comorbidities
HIV-1-infected
individuals
highlight
emerging
therapeutic
strategies
targeting
provirus.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: May 13, 2025
The
nuclear
envelope
(NE)
and
pore
complexes
(NPCs)
play
a
critical
role
in
maintaining
the
balance
between
nucleus
cytoplasm,
which
is
essential
for
structural
integrity
gene
regulatory
functions
of
eukaryotic
cells.
Disruptions
nucleocytoplasmic
trafficking
mediated
by
NE
NPCs
can
compromise
transport
homeostasis,
ultimately
threatening
cellular
viability.
Recent
research
has
highlighted
strong
link
dysfunction
onset
neurodegenerative
disorders.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
understanding
how
impairments
contribute
to
pathogenesis
diseases,
with
particular
focus
on
NPCs.
We
aim
shed
light
intricate
relationship
these
molecular
gatekeepers
pathological
cascade
leading
neuronal
degeneration,
while
also
exploring
potential
strategies
restore
homeostasis
mitigate
progression
devastating
neurological
conditions.
Cell Reports Physical Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(9), P. 102111 - 102111
Published: July 24, 2024
The
SARS-CoV-2
virus,
responsible
for
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
has
been
linked
to
significant
worldwide
illness
and
death.
Examining
ultrastructure
nanomechanical
characteristics
of
viruses,
from
a
physical
standpoint,
aids
in
categorizing
their
mechanical
attributes,
providing
valuable
information
novel
treatment
approaches
pinpointing
susceptible
regions
that
can
guide
precise
medical
interventions.
This
review
presents
structural
virus
particles,
focusing
on
interaction
with
cells
effects
nuclear
pore
transit
epigenetic
modifications.
We
present
latest
progress
utilizing
high-speed
atomic
force
microscope
nanoscale
observation
its
constituents.
viruses
utilize
several
components
interact
host's
transport
receptors
nucleoporins
complex
influence
genome
modality.
In
this
review,
we
also
provide
an
updated
summary
how
parts
system
these
interactions
change
chromatin.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 20, 2024
A
large
fraction
of
the
genome
interacts
with
nuclear
periphery
through
lamina-associated
domains
(LADs),
repressive
regions
which
play
an
important
role
in
organization
and
gene
regulation
across
development.
Despite
much
work,
LAD
structure
are
not
fully
understood,
a
mounting
number
studies
have
identified
numerous
genetic
epigenetic
differences
within
LADs,
demonstrating
they
uniform
group.
Here
we
profile
Lamin
B1,
HP1β,
H3K9me3,
H3K9me2,
H3K27me3,
H3K14ac,
H3K27ac,
H3K9ac
MEF
cell
lines
derived
from
same
mouse
colony
cluster
LADs
based
on
abundance
distribution
these
features
LADs.
We
find
that
fall
into
3
groups,
each
enriched
unique
set
histone
modifications
genomic
features.
Each
group
is
defined
by
different
heterochromatin
modification
(H3K9me3,
or
H3K27me3),
suggesting
all
three
marks
roles
chromatin
potentially
lamina
association.
also
discover
borders,
including
border-specific
enrichment
H3K14ac.
These
results
reveal
distinctions
between
highlight
rich
diversity
complexity
regulatory
mechanisms.
DNA,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(1), P. 84 - 103
Published: March 11, 2024
Chromatin
is
the
complex
of
DNA
and
associated
proteins
found
in
nuclei
living
organisms.
How
it
organized
a
major
research
field
as
has
implications
for
replication,
repair,
gene
expression.
This
review
summarizes
current
state
chromatin
organization
field,
with
special
focus
on
motor
complexes
cohesin
condensin.
Containing
highly
conserved
SMC
proteins,
these
are
responsible
organizing
during
cell
division.
Additionally,
demonstrated
that
condensin
also
have
important
functions
interphase
to
shape
regulate
expression
genes.
Using
model
organism
C.
elegans,
authors
knowledge
how
perform
such
diverse
roles
what
open
questions
still
exist
field.
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 25, 2024
The
interactions
between
chromatin
and
the
nuclear
lamina
orchestrate
cell
type-specific
gene
activity
by
forming
lamina-associated
domains
(LADs)
which
preserve
cellular
characteristics
through
repression.
However,
unlike
segments,
strength
of
chromatin-lamina
their
dependence
on
environment
are
not
well
understood.
Here,
we
develop
a
theory
to
predict
size
shape
peripheral
heterochromatin
considering
energetics
chromatin-chromatin
interactions,
affinity
kinetics
methylation
acetylation9in
human
mesenchymal
stem
cells
(hMSCs).
Through
analysis
super-resolution
images
using
this
theoretical
framework,
determine
lamina-wide
distribution
affinities.
We
find
that
extracted
is
highly
spatially
heterogeneous
shows
bimodal
distribution,
indicating
regions
along
with
strong
binding
those
exhibiting
vanishing
interspersed
some
relatively
diminished
in
line
presence
structures
such
as
pores.
Exploring
role
environmental
cues
chromatin,
LAD
thickness
increases
when
hMSCs
cultured
softer
substrate,
correlation
contractility-dependent
translocation
histone
deacetylase
3
(HDAC3)
from
cytosol
nucleus.
In
soft
microenvironments,
becomes
sequestered
at
lamina,
likely
due
HDAC3
anchoring
protein
LAP2
