FEBS Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 598(10), P. 1113 - 1115
Published: May 1, 2024
Lipid droplets are ubiquitous organelles that can be formed by virtually all eukaryotic cells and fulfill central roles in lipid biology. They have a unique architecture enables them to store variable amounts of neutral lipids such as triacylglycerol sterol esters hydrophobic core compartment, which is protected from the aqueous cytosol an outer phospholipid monolayer. This monolayer houses droplet surface proteome comprises large number metabolism enzymes, mediate key steps biosynthesis turnover membrane storage [[1]]. In recent years, dysfunctions started recognized causes for disease, but underlying cell biological relationships molecular mechanisms still largely enigmatic [[2, 3]]. special issue FEBS Letters entitled "Lipid health disease" aims at providing broad view our current understanding functions physiological pathological states. Sixteen review articles highlight discoveries around life cycle, important technological advances field, insights into biology inherited acquired diseases related altered storage. endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where synthesized resident enzymes. These initially soluble within ER bilayer, eventually phase-separate higher concentrations lenses, grow addition further molecules ultimately bud [[4-6]]. Beside synthesizing proteins required biogenesis process enable control over lipidome, proteome, morphology, finally metabolic dynamics emerging organelle. A player formation conserved seipin protein. Pedro Carvalho colleagues describe mechanistic its partner [[7]]. Julia Mahamid provide overview numerous contributions electron microscopy techniques form function, ranging initial monolayer-based structures players complex [[8]]. Jennifer Sapia Stefano Vanni discuss Perspective article advancements challenges employing simulations contribute basis protein targeting [[9]]. Once formed, either acquiring ER, or fusing with other manner dependent on CIDE proteins, lipid-permeable inter-organelle bridge, reviewed detail Li Xu et al. [[10]]. When require expansion their systems during nutrient deprivation when ATP-production relies β-oxidation, consumed two alternative pathways: (a) droplet-specific autophagy termed lipophagy results degradation lysosomal lipases, (b) gradual mobilization fatty acids cytosolic lipases lipolysis. Access has tightly regulated ensure homeostasis under fluctuating conditions. human cells, members perilipin family regulating lipolysis, Alenka Čopič [[11]]. Mike Henne highlights discovery subpopulation baker's yeast carries specific set anti-lipolytic [[12]]. Xiaowen Duan David Savage Graphical Review forms lipodystrophy, non-alcoholic liver disease caused mutations involved formation, fusion, lipolysis [[13]]. Hanaa Hariri buffering excess mitigating lipotoxicity, well consequences prolonged overload [[14]]. Michele Wölk Maria Federova defining lipidome [[15]]. Antonio Barbosa Symeon Siniossoglou non-canonical synthesis pathway propose unappreciated functional relevance this remodeling [[16]]. Three contact site-based communication cellular [[17-19]]. Ludovic Enkler Anne Spang detailed bases between mitochondria mammals [[17]]. Vera Monteiro-Cardoso Francesca Giordano focus tripartite sites [[18]]. Aksel Saukko-Paavola Robin Klemm role organelle crosstalk transfer defined populations adaptation [[19]]. Arun John Peter Benoît Kornmann mass-tagging-based method tracking flux across borders living task been challenging past [[20]]. Eva Herker describes implications infectious focusing how viruses exploit genome replication virions [[21]]. Albert Pol droplet-associated perilipins, acyl-CoA synthases enabling flexibility cancer progression [[22]]. The community currently dissecting (patho-) cycle collective effort. At same time, unexpected new roles, particularly collaboration organelles, emerging, range pathologies being revealed. Exciting times clearly ahead editors hope collection may inspiration scientists addressing disease. Bohnert professor Organelle Communication Medical Faculty University Münster (Germany). She studied Molecular Medicine Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg (Germany), she received her PhD mitochondrial biogenesis. Her interest was sparked work postdoctoral researcher Weizmann Institute Science, Rehovot (Israel). group combines high-content screening approaches biochemistry identify unknown spatial organization metabolism, understand level. Bianca Schrul Biochemistry Saarland Biology Heidelberg (Germany) also PhD. After first appointment Göttingen Max-Planck-Institute Biophysical Chemistry (now Multidisciplinary Sciences), became postdoc Department Stanford (CA, USA). Here, discovered peroxisomes share machinery some constituents laid foundation establishing own research lab employs interdisciplinary uncover droplets, explore communicate lipid-metabolizing adapt changes.
Language: Английский
