Hydrologic regulation of plant rooting depth

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(40), P. 10572 - 10577

Published: Sept. 18, 2017

Significance Knowledge of plant rooting depth is critical to understanding plant-mediated global change. Earth system models are highly sensitive this particular parameter with large consequences for modeled productivity, water–energy–carbon exchange between the land and atmosphere, silicate weathering regulating multimillion-year-timescale carbon cycle. However, we know little about how deep roots go why. Accidental discoveries >70-m-deep in wells >20-m-deep caves offer glimpses enormous plasticity root response its environment, but drivers significance such not clear. Through observations modeling, demonstrate that soil hydrology a globally prevalent force driving landscape patterns depth.

Language: Английский

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Improving the representation of hydrologic processes in Earth System Models

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 51(8), P. 5929 - 5956

Published: July 22, 2015

Abstract Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding preparing for global environmental change rest upon our ability to understand predict water cycle at large river basin, continent, scales. However, current large‐scale land models (as a component Earth System Models, or ESMs) do not yet reflect best hydrologic process utilize amount observations model testing. This paper discusses opportunities key improve representations benchmarking ESM models, suggesting that (1) development can benefit from recent advances hydrology, both through incorporating processes (e.g., groundwater‐surface interactions) new approaches describe multiscale spatial variability connectivity; (2) accelerating requires comprehensive order systematically evaluate competing alternatives, weaknesses, prioritize needs, (3) stronger collaboration is needed between hydrology modeling communities, greater engagement hydrologists development, rigorous evaluation performance research watersheds Critical Zone Observatories. Such coordinated efforts advancing ESMs have potential substantially impact energy, carbon, nutrient prediction capabilities fundamental role play regulating these cycles.

Language: Английский

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Hillslope Hydrology in Global Change Research and Earth System Modeling

Water Resources Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 55(2), P. 1737 - 1772

Published: Feb. 1, 2019

Abstract Earth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for understanding and predicting global change, but they cannot explicitly resolve hillslope‐scale terrain structures that fundamentally organize water, energy, biogeochemical stores fluxes at subgrid scales. Here we bring together hydrologists, Critical Zone scientists, ESM developers, to explore how hillslope may modulate grid‐level fluxes. In contrast the one‐dimensional (1‐D), 2‐ 3‐m deep, free‐draining soil hydrology in most land models, hypothesize 3‐D, lateral ridge‐to‐valley flow through shallow deep paths insolation contrasts between sunny shady slopes top two globally quantifiable organizers of water energy (and vegetation) within an grid cell. We these processes likely impact predictions where when) and/or limiting. further that, if implemented will increase simulated continental storage residence time, buffering terrestrial ecosystems against seasonal interannual droughts. efficient ways capture mechanisms ESMs identify critical knowledge gaps preventing us from scaling up processes. One such gap is our extremely limited subsurface, stored (supporting released stream baseflow aquatic ecosystems). conclude with a set organizing hypotheses call syntheses activities model experiments assess on change predictions.

Language: Английский

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Recent Changes in the ISBA‐CTRIP Land Surface System for Use in the CNRM‐CM6 Climate Model and in Global Off‐Line Hydrological Applications

Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 1207 - 1252

Published: April 1, 2019

In recent years, significant efforts have been made to upgrade physical processes in the ISBA-CTRIP land surface system for use fully coupled climate studies using new CNRM-CM6 model or stand-alone mode global hydrological applications. Here we provide a thorough description of and improved implemented between CMIP5 CMIP6 versions evaluate hydrology thermal behavior at scale. The soil scheme explicitly solves one-dimensional Fourier Darcy laws throughout soil, accounting dependency hydraulic properties on organic carbon content. snowpack is represented multilayer detailed internal-process snow scheme. A two-way dynamic flood added which floodplains interact with through reinfiltration floodwater overlying atmosphere free-water evaporation. Finally, groundwater are via two-dimensional diffusive unconfined aquifer allowing upward capillarity rises into superficial soil. This has evaluated off-line two different atmospheric forcings against large set satellite estimates situ observations. While this study not without weaknesses, its results show real advance modeling aspects version compared previous system. increases our confidence that able represent accurately across globe turn contribute several important scientific societal issues.

Language: Английский

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Global Groundwater Sustainability, Resources, and Systems in the Anthropocene

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 431 - 463

Published: Feb. 11, 2020

Groundwater is a crucial resource for current and future generations, but it not being sustainably used in many parts of the world. The objective this review to provide clear portrait global-scale groundwater sustainability, systems, resources Anthropocene inspire pivot toward more sustainable pathways use. We examine from three different related perspectives sustainability science, natural governance management, Earth System science. An approach highlights connections between other system how these are impacting, or impacted by, pumping. largest store unfrozen freshwater on heterogeneously connected processes timescales. propose definition that has direct link with observable data, governance, management as well functions services groundwater. ▪ depleted contaminated some regions; ubiquitously distributed, which, importantly, makes broadly accessible also slow invisible therefore challenging govern manage. Regional differences priorities, hydrology, politics, culture, economic contexts mean tools important, global perspective can support higher level international policies an increasingly globalized world require broader analysis interconnections knowledge transfer regions. A coherent, overarching framework important than concepts safe yield, renewability, depletion, stress.

Language: Английский

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Evapotranspiration depletes groundwater under warming over the contiguous United States

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2020

Abstract A warmer climate increases evaporative demand. However, response to warming depends on water availability. Existing earth system models represent soil moisture but simplify groundwater connections, a primary control moisture. Here we apply an integrated surface-groundwater hydrologic model evaluate the sensitivity of shallow across majority US. We show that as shifts balance between supply and demand, storage can buffer plant stress; only where connections are present, not indefinitely. As persists, be depleted lost. Similarly, in arid western US does result significant changes because this area is already largely limited. The direct demonstrates strong early effect low moderate may have evapotranspiration.

Language: Английский

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Global Isotope Hydrogeology―Review

Reviews of Geophysics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 57(3), P. 835 - 965

Published: April 30, 2019

Abstract Groundwater 18 O/ 16 O, 2 H/ 1 H, 13 C/ 12 C, 3 and 14 C data can help quantify molecular movements chemical reactions governing groundwater recharge, quality, storage, flow, discharge. Here, commonly applied approaches to isotopic analysis are reviewed, involving recharge seasonality, elevations, ages, paleoclimate conditions, Reviewed works confirm long held tenets: (i) that derives disproportionately from wet season winter precipitation; (ii) modern groundwaters comprise little global groundwater; (iii) “fossil” (>12,000‐year‐old) dominate aquifer storage; (iv) fossil capture late‐Pleistocene climate conditions; (v) surface‐borne contaminants more common in younger groundwaters; (vi) discharges generate substantial streamflow. isotope midlatitudes sedimentary basins equipped for irrigated agriculture, but less plentiful across high latitudes, hyperarid deserts, equatorial rainforests. Some of these underexplored systems may be suitable targets future field testing.

Language: Английский

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Expanding the role of reactive transport models in critical zone processes

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 280 - 301

Published: Oct. 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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A global-scale two-layer transient groundwater model: Development and application to groundwater depletion

Advances in Water Resources, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 53 - 67

Published: Feb. 4, 2017

Groundwater is the world’s largest accessible source of freshwater to satisfy human water needs. Moreover, groundwater buffers variable precipitation rates over time, thereby effectively sustaining river flows in times droughts and evaporation areas with shallow tables. In this study, building on previous work, we simulate head fluctuations storage changes both confined unconfined aquifer systems using a global-scale high-resolution (5′) model by deriving new estimates distribution thickness confining layers. Inclusion (estimated 6–20% total area) improves timing amplitude flow paths groundwater-surface interaction rates. within layers are shorter than underlying aquifer, while can get disconnected from local drainage system due low conductivity layer. Lateral between basins significant model, especially for (partially) aquifers were long crossing catchment boundaries simulated, supporting budgets neighboring catchments or systems. The developed two-layer transient used identify hot-spots depletion. Global depletion estimated as 7013 km3 (137 km3y−1) 1960–2010, which consistent studies.

Language: Английский

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More green and less blue water in the Alps during warmer summers

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 155 - 161

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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