Copernicus Ocean State Report, issue 6

Journal of Operational Oceanography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(sup1), P. 1 - 220

Published: Aug. 31, 2022

Statement of main outcome: This section presents a satellite-based map potential eutrophic and oligotrophic areas in the European Seas for year 2020, together with time series eutrophication past 23 years (1998-2020) averaged over Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) each country.The were generated on basis comparison per-pixel chlorophyll-a data from remote sensing reporting corresponding climatological 90th percentile (P90) established 20-year baseline (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017).The results showed few scattered areas, while extensive coastal shelf waters indicate status.The distributions point to localities that should be watch determine situ nutrient levels whether trend is sustained into future.The at EEZ level low percentages across area some remarkable high events occurring first decade study period, followed by an overall reduction 2013 onwards.Furthermore, several countries, indicator was often nil or never exceeded 1% area.Results are then compared those Sustainable Development Goal (SDG, set United Nations General Assembly) 14 global satellite-derived (target 14.1).

Language: Английский

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Sea ice loss of the Barents-Kara Sea enhances the winter warming over the Tibetan Plateau

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: March 28, 2022

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is known as one of the most sensitive regions to climate change, and it has experienced accelerated warming in recent decades. However, what degree TP amplification relates remote forcing such sea ice loss Arctic remains unclear. Here, we found that decline concentration over Barents-Kara Sea (BKS) could account for 18–32% winter by comparing observational data ensemble experiments from an atmospheric general circulation model. reduced BKS resultant upward turbulent heat fluxes can intensify a Rossby wave train propagating equatorward TP. As result, enhanced southwesterlies towards strengthen warm advection parts lead warming. In addition, teleconnection between also exists interannual variability. That is, tripole mode air temperature, with centers but cold center mid-high latitudes Eurasian continent between. Our results imply thus enhancing

Language: Английский

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A Synthesis of the Upper Arctic Ocean Circulation During 2000–2019: Understanding the Roles of Wind Forcing and Sea Ice Decline

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 18, 2022

Major changes have occurred in the Arctic Ocean during 2000–2019, including unprecedented spin-up of Beaufort Gyre and emergence Atlantification eastern Eurasian Basin. We explored main drivers for these by synthesizing numerical simulations observations this paper. The atmospheric circulation was unusual some years period, with strongly negative wind curl over Canada However, wind-driven would been much weaker had it not sea ice decline. decline only fed ocean meltwater, but also made other freshwater components more available to through mediating surface stress. This dynamical effect shifting from Basin towards Amerasian resulted Basin, which is characterized halocline salinification uplift boundary between Atlantic Water layer. Contemporarily, caused a strong warming trend Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis annual height period reveals that first two modes upper active centers associated Oscillation High variability, respectively. In presence EOFs can better distinguish variability driven modes. Therefore, major past decades are indicators climate change as retreat. Our synthesis could help assess how might future climate.

Language: Английский

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Calibration of Uncertainty in Sea Ice Concentration Retrieval With an Auxiliary Prediction Interval Estimator

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20, P. 1 - 5

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) have been demonstrated to be effective in accurate retrieval of sea ice concentration (SIC) from multi-source data, while providing estimates uncertainty, which are essential for downstream services. However, uncertainty obtained by BNNs intrinsically uncalibrated, indicates that it may not correlate well with model error. To address this issue, we investigate a new approach combines an auxiliary prediction interval (PI) estimator the BNN-based SIC mean develop well-calibrated is both and reliable. We adopt training strategy called "uncertainty matching" train model, ensures estimated uncertainties match PIs. use subset AMSR2 brightness temperature data ERA5 atmospheric collected 2014 2015 Baffin Bay area as input features model. Comparison between inference labels enhanced NASA Team (NT2) algorithm shows proposed able produce more predictions marginal zones.

Language: Английский

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Eddy activity in the Arctic Ocean projected to surge in a warming world

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 156 - 162

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Ocean eddies play a critical role in climate and marine life. In the rapidly warming Arctic, little is known about how ocean eddy activity will change because existing models cannot resolve Arctic mesoscale eddies. Here, by employing next-generation global sea ice–ocean model with kilometre-scale horizontal resolution we find surge of kinetic energy upper Ocean, tripling on average four-degree-warmer world. The driving mechanism behind this an increase generation due to enhanced baroclinic instability. Despite decline ice, killing (a process which are dampened ice winds) not weaken its annual mean effect considered scenario. Our study suggests importance adequately representing for understanding impacts ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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