Roles of CDR2 and CDR2L in Anti-Yo Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration: A Literature Review DOI Open Access

Pablo S. Martínez Lozada,

Rafael Mancero Montalvo,

Adriana Carrillo

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 70 - 70

Published: Dec. 25, 2024

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rapidly progressive, immune-mediated syndrome characterized by the of Purkinje cells, often associated with presence antibodies targeting intracellular antigens within these cells. These autoantibodies are implicated in induction cytotoxicity, leading to cell death, as demonstrated vitro models. However, precise roles and T lymphocytes mediating neuronal injury remain subject ongoing research, cells appearing be main effectors injury. Notably, at least 50% PCD cases involve anti-Yo autoantibodies, also referred anti-PCA1 (Purkinje antigen 1) antibodies, which specifically target degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2) its paralogue, CDR2-like (CDR2L). Another recognized CDR 34, 34 kDa tandem repeats B-cell epitope; detection non-cerebellar tissues necessitates further situ hybridization studies. Onconeural expressed both tumour where they localize cytoplasm associate membrane-bound free ribosomes, playing critical regulating transcription calcium homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that breakdown immune tolerance linked genetic alterations antigens, formation neoantigens can elicit autoreactive may underscore function Yo antibodies. In indicate induce death independent lymphocytes. The disease progresses initial lymphocytic infiltration, followed rapid loss without significant inflammation. vivo models showcase primarily T-cell mediated, serving biomarkers rather than direct death. This review examines mechanisms underlying PCD, focusing on CDR2 CDR2L development their potential role neurons. A comprehensive understanding processes essential for advancing diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic strategies malignancies.

Language: Английский

Recent Exploration of Solid Cancer Biomarkers Hidden Within Urine or Blood Exosomes That Provide Fundamental Information for Future Cancer Diagnostics DOI Creative Commons

Tomoaki Hara,

Sikun Meng, Aya Hasan Alshammari

et al.

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 628 - 628

Published: March 5, 2025

Cancer cells exhibit abnormal behavior compared to normal cells. They ignore growth arrest signals such as contact inhibition, a mechanism that stops their proliferation when they collide with surrounding cells, and proliferate in an uncontrolled manner, destroying tissue. Early detection treatment of cancer are therefore important for healthy longevity. differ from characteristic gene expression due abnormalities. markers reflect these characteristics have been searched applied diagnosis. Although analysis blood antigens has the main method, further development diagnostic system is needed early cancer. Next-generation sequencers improved technology, making it possible analyze detailed nucleic acid molecules or urine. In addition, release extracellular vesicles, exosomes, which known contain may serve markers. This review summarizes latest findings on exosomal

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Regulatory Roles of Exosomes in Aging and Aging-Related Diseases DOI

Nanyin Xiao,

Li Qiao, Guangyu Liang

et al.

Biogerontology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Roles of CDR2 and CDR2L in Anti-Yo Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration: A Literature Review DOI Open Access

Pablo S. Martínez Lozada,

Rafael Mancero Montalvo,

Adriana Carrillo

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 70 - 70

Published: Dec. 25, 2024

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) is a rapidly progressive, immune-mediated syndrome characterized by the of Purkinje cells, often associated with presence antibodies targeting intracellular antigens within these cells. These autoantibodies are implicated in induction cytotoxicity, leading to cell death, as demonstrated vitro models. However, precise roles and T lymphocytes mediating neuronal injury remain subject ongoing research, cells appearing be main effectors injury. Notably, at least 50% PCD cases involve anti-Yo autoantibodies, also referred anti-PCA1 (Purkinje antigen 1) antibodies, which specifically target degeneration-related protein 2 (CDR2) its paralogue, CDR2-like (CDR2L). Another recognized CDR 34, 34 kDa tandem repeats B-cell epitope; detection non-cerebellar tissues necessitates further situ hybridization studies. Onconeural expressed both tumour where they localize cytoplasm associate membrane-bound free ribosomes, playing critical regulating transcription calcium homeostasis. Recent studies suggest that breakdown immune tolerance linked genetic alterations antigens, formation neoantigens can elicit autoreactive may underscore function Yo antibodies. In indicate induce death independent lymphocytes. The disease progresses initial lymphocytic infiltration, followed rapid loss without significant inflammation. vivo models showcase primarily T-cell mediated, serving biomarkers rather than direct death. This review examines mechanisms underlying PCD, focusing on CDR2 CDR2L development their potential role neurons. A comprehensive understanding processes essential for advancing diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic strategies malignancies.

Language: Английский

Citations

0