Tough Ionogels: Synthesis, Toughening Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties─A Perspective

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 2645 - 2657

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Polymeric ionogels are polymer networks swollen with ionic liquids (i.e., salts low melting points). Ionogels interesting due to their unique features such as nonvolatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, excellent conductivity, nonflammability. These properties enable applications unconventional electronics, energy storage devices batteries supercapacitors), sensors actuators. However, the poor mechanical performance of (e.g., fracture strength < 1 MPa, modulus 0.1 toughness 1000 J m-2) have limited use, thus motivating need for tough ionogels. This Perspective summarizes recent advances toward by highlighting synthetic methods toughening mechanisms. Opportunities promising also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Synergetic Lithium and Hydrogen Bonds Endow Liquid‐Free Photonic Ionic Elastomer with Mechanical Robustness and Electrical/Optical Dual‐Output

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(20)

Published: March 6, 2023

Photonic ionic elastomers (PIEs) capable of multiple signal outputs are intriguing in flexible interactive electronics. However, fabricating PIEs with simultaneous mechanical robustness, good conductivity, and brilliant structure color still remains challenging. Here, the limitations broken through introducing synergistic effect lithium hydrogen bonds into an elastomer. In virtue bonding between ions carbonyl groups polymer matrix as well silanol on surface silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) ether along chains, demonstrate strength up to 4.3 MPa toughness 8.6 MJ m-3 . Meanwhile, synchronous electrical optical output under strains can be achieved presence dissociated contributed by bond non-close-packed SiNPs stabilized bond. Moreover, due their liquid-free nature, exhibit extraordinary stability durability, which withstand extreme conditions including both high low temperatures humidity. This work provides a promising molecular engineering route construct high-performance photonic conductors toward advanced ionotronic applications.

Language: Английский

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A self-stabilized and water-responsive deliverable coenzyme-based polymer binary elastomer adhesive patch for treating oral ulcer

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 24, 2023

Oral ulcer can be treated with diverse biomaterials loading drugs or cytokines. However, most patients do not benefit from these materials because of poor adhesion, short-time retention in oral cavity and low drug therapeutic efficacy. Here we report a self-stabilized water-responsive deliverable coenzyme salt polymer poly(sodium α-lipoate) (PolyLA-Na)/coenzyme poly(α-lipoic acid) (PolyLA) binary synergistic elastomer adhesive patch, where hydrogen bonding cross-links between PolyLA PolyLA-Na prevents depolymerization slow down the dissociation PolyLA-Na, thus allowing sustainable delivery bioactive LA-based small molecules durable adhesion to mucosal wound due action PolyLA. In model mice mini-pig ulcer, patch accelerates healing by regulating damaged tissue inflammatory environment, maintaining stability microbiota, promoting faster re-epithelialization angiogenesis. This provided strategy treat ulcer.

Language: Английский

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Mxene hybrid conductive hydrogels with mechanical flexibility, frost-resistance, photothermoelectric conversion characteristics and their multiple applications in sensing

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 483, P. 149299 - 149299

Published: Feb. 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Peeling–Stiffening Self‐Adhesive Ionogel with Superhigh Interfacial Toughness

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(11)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Abstract Self‐adhesive materials that can directly adhere to diverse solid surfaces are indispensable in modern life and technologies. However, it remains a challenge develop self‐adhesive with strong adhesion while maintaining its intrinsic softness for efficient tackiness. Here, peeling–stiffening ionogel reconciles the seemingly contradictory properties of is reported. The contains two ionophilic repeating units distinct associating affinities, which allows adaptively wet rough surface soft dissipating state adhering, dramatically stiffen glassy upon peeling. corresponding modulus increases by 117 times driven strain‐rate‐induced phase separation, greatly suppresses crack propagation results super high interfacial toughness 8046 J m −2 . also transparent, self‐healable, recyclable, be easily removed simple moisture treatment. This strategy provides new way design high‐performance intelligent devices.

Language: Английский

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Synergistic Toughening and Self‐Healing Strategy for Highly Efficient and Stable Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(23)

Published: March 4, 2023

Abstract Halide perovskites are qualified to meet the flexibility demands of optoelectronic field because their merits flexibility, lightness, and low cost. However, intrinsic defects deformation‐induced ductile fracture in both perovskite buried interface significantly restrict photoelectric performance longevity flexible solar cells (PVSCs). Here, a dual‐dynamic cross‐linking network is schemed boost photovoltaic efficiency mechanical stability PVSCs by incorporating natural polymerizable small molecule α‐lipoic acid (LA). The LA therein can be autonomously ring‐opening polymerized through dynamic disulfide bonds hydrogen bonds, concurrently forming coordination interact with component. Importantly, polymerization product serve as efficacious passivating toughening agents simultaneously optimize interfacial contact, enhance crystallinity sustain robust bendability. Subsequently, rigid (or flexible) p‐i‐n device realizes champion 22.43% 19.03%) prominent operational stability. Moreover, endows bendability self‐healing capacity, allowing optimized devices retain >80% after 3000 bending cycles, subsequently restore ≈95% its initial under mild heat‐treatment. This strategy provides facile efficient path prolong lifetime device.

Language: Английский

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A Coenzyme‐Based Deep Eutectic Supramolecular Polymer Bioadhesive

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(49)

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract α‐lipoic acid (LA), a coenzyme, has proved to have excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities; however, its intrinsic hydrophobicity metastability of polyLA remains major challenge for the application LA‐based bulk materials in biomedical field. Herein, self‐stabilized deep eutectic supramolecular polymer ( LA‐DESP) adhesive is created by one‐step heating mixture LA sodium α‐lipoate (LA‐Na) (S‐, R‐isomer, racemate) without introducing any exogenous stabilizing molecules. The underlying effect LA/LA‐Na unveiled be originated from multiple hydrogen bonds between polyLA‐Na, which not only prevent depolymerization but also lower melting point LA‐DESP near body pathological temperature. Copolymerization LA‐Na slows down dissociation thus affording sustainable release bioactive small molecules satisfactory functions. Also, exhibits fast tough adhesion diverse substrates, including wet tissues, relying on situ curing property rich carboxyl groups. explored as tissue sealant, can well replace surgical suture enhance wound healing skin incision rat model. unprecedented will provide new strategy development bioadhesives.

Language: Английский

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Bioinspired Ultra‐Robust Ionogels Constructed with Soft‐Rigid Confinement Space for Multimodal Monitoring Electronics

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: Oct. 22, 2023

Abstract Ionogels are compelling materials for flexible hybrid electronics owing to their attractive physical properties and infinite adjustability of chemical structures. However, ionogels must be sufficiently strong ensure durability, stability, a wide range strains in various applications make electronic systems mechanically compliant. Inspired by the hierarchical structure multiphase substances skin, it is fabricated several transparent (>90%) ultra‐robust (tensile strength >17 MPa, toughness >40 MJ m −3 , elongation ≈300%) via situ polymerization polymers with different binding abilities ionic liquid forming soft rigid confinement space. This strategy can also applied other liquids polymers. Furthermore, designed ionogel sensors used develop wearable intelligent health monitoring system capable health‐related physiological signals, such as temperature, body tremors, wrist pulse, breathing, gestures, predicting responding emergencies, which will pave way security technology.

Language: Английский

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Entropy-Driven Design of Highly Impact-Stiffening Supramolecular Polymer Networks with Salt-Bridge Hydrogen Bonds

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 146(11), P. 7533 - 7542

Published: March 7, 2024

Impact-stiffening materials that undergo a strain rate-induced soft-to-rigid transition hold great promise as soft armors in the protection of human body and equipment. However, current impact-stiffening materials, such polyborosiloxanes shear-thickening fluids, often exhibit limited response. Herein, we propose design strategy for fabricating highly supramolecular polymer networks by leveraging high-entropy-penalty physical interactions. We synthesized fully biobased comprising poly(α-thioctic acid) arginine clusters, whose chain dynamics are governed specific guanidinium-carboxylate salt-bridge hydrogen bonds. The resulting material exhibits an exceptional response ∼2100 times, transitioning from dissipating state (21 kPa, 0.1 Hz) to stiffened glassy (45.3 MPa, 100 with increasing rates. Moreover, material's high energy-dissipating hot-melting properties bring excellent damping performance easy hybridization other scaffolds. This entropy-driven approach paves way development next-generation soft, sustainable, impact-resistant materials.

Language: Английский

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Highly Elastic, Self-Healing, Recyclable Interlocking Double-Network Liquid-Free Ionic Conductive Elastomers via Facile Fabrication for Wearable Strain Sensors

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 19447 - 19458

Published: April 10, 2023

Liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) are ideal materials for wearable strain sensors in increasingly flexible electronic devices. However, developing recyclable ICEs with high elasticity, self-healability, and recyclability is still a great challenge. In this study, we fabricated series of novel by situ polymerization lipoic acid (LA) poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) solution cross-linking coordination bonding hydrogen bonding. One the obtained dynamically cross-linked interlocking double-network ICEs, PLA-PAA4-1% ICE, showed excellent mechanical properties, elasticity (90%) stretchability (610%), as well rapid self-healability (mechanical self-healing within 2 h electrical recovery 0.3 s). The ICE was used sensor possessed linear sensitivity highly cyclic stability, effectively monitoring diverse human motions both stretched compressed deformations. Notably, can be fully recycled reused new without any structure change or degradation performance. This work provided viable path to fabricate solving two contradictions property stability recyclability. We believe that superior overall performance feasible fabrication make developed hold promise multifunctional practical applications devices humanoid robotics.

Language: Английский

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