Advanced Intelligent Systems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(2)
Published: June 29, 2023
Soft
bio‐microrobots
have
the
potential
to
execute
complex
tasks
in
unexpected
and
harsh
environments
of
human
body
due
their
dexterity
flexibility.
The
architectural
designs
soft
either
replicate
motion
natural
creatures
or
capitalize
on
motility.
Based
this
design
principle,
biologically
inspired
microrobots
that
imitate
movements
functions
biological
systems,
such
as
starfish,
bacteria,
sperm
cells,
well
biohybrid
combine
motile
micro‐organisms
cells
with
functional
components
been
developed.
Herein,
an
overview
principles,
energy
sources,
biomedical
applications
existing
is
presented.
It
shown
incorporation
externally
responsive
material
enables
change
shapes
living
organisms
under
external
stimuli,
it
interpreted
how
are
guided
through
tactic
behavior
microorganisms
cells.
Finally,
perspectives
key
challenges
must
overcome
achieve
vivo
given.
Advanced Intelligent Systems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
6(2)
Published: May 24, 2023
Soft
miniature
machines
demonstrate
multimodal
actuation
and
morphology
change
capabilities
in
narrow
spaces
smaller
than
their
dimension.
The
wirelessly
controlled
soft‐bodied
features
make
them
promising
candidates
for
microrobotic
manipulation
targeted
operation
a
noninvasive
manner.
Liquid‐bodied
machine
offers
an
ultrasoft
body
with
extreme
deformability
owing
to
its
fluid
nature,
enabling
adaptive
navigation
smooth
contact
objects
environmental
restrictions.
Over
the
last
decade
of
development,
significant
research
progress
has
been
achieved
controlling
liquid‐bodied
diverse
applications.
Herein,
overview
recent
results
magnetic
control
methods
applications
is
provided.
Considering
mechanisms
application
challenges,
ferrofluid‐based,
liquid
metal‐based,
marble‐based
are
mainly
discussed
brief
discussion
on
droplet‐based
machines.
connection
between
highlighted
detailed
analysis
machine–object
machine–environment
interactions.
current
challenges
opportunities
outlined,
aiming
at
designing
intelligent
machine‐based
systems
promoting
development
small‐scale
robotics.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(36)
Published: Oct. 27, 2023
Miniature
robots
have
been
widely
studied
and
applied
in
the
fields
of
search
rescue,
reconnaissance,
micromanipulation,
even
interior
human
body
benefiting
from
their
highlight
features
small
size,
light
weight,
agile
movement.
With
development
new
smart
materials,
many
functional
actuating
elements
proposed
to
construct
miniature
robots.
Compared
with
other
elements,
piezoelectric
advantages
compact
structure,
high
power
density,
fast
response,
resolution,
no
electromagnetic
interference,
which
make
them
greatly
suitable
for
robots,
capture
attentions
favor
numerous
scholars.
In
this
paper,
a
comprehensive
review
recent
developments
(MPRs)
is
provided.
The
MPRs
are
classified
summarized
detail
three
aspects
operating
environment,
structure
element,
working
principle.
addition,
manufacturing
methods
materials
MPRs,
as
well
application
situations,
sorted
out
outlined.
Finally,
challenges
future
trends
evaluated
discussed.
It
hoped
that
will
be
great
assistance
determining
appropriate
designs
guiding
provide
destination
board
researchers
interested
MPRs.
Miniature
magnetic-driven
robots
with
multimode
motions
and
high-precision
pose
sensing
capacity
(position
orientation)
are
greatly
demanded
in
situ
manipulation
narrow
opaque
enclosed
spaces.
Various
magnetic
have
been
carried
out,
whereas
their
deformations
normally
remain
single
mode,
the
lack
of
robot's
real-time
status
leads
to
its
beyond-sight
remagnetization
being
impossible.
The
function
integration
motion
is
still
challenge.
Here,
a
multimotion
thin-film
robot
created
novel
multilayer
structure
layer
covered
by
heating-sensing
conductive
layer.
Such
not
only
can
segmentally
on-demand
heat
for
magnetization
reprogramming
but
also
precisely
detect
from
electrical-resistance
effect
creating
small
deformation
under
preset
fields.
Under
sensing,
necessary
motions,
i.e.,
swimming,
rolling,
crawling,
obstacle-crossing,
achieved
field
BRepr
10
mT,
poses
an
accuracy
±
3
mm
position
2.5°
orientation
obtained
even
low
strength
BSens
5
which
combined
help
realize
accurate
out-of-sight
manipulations
space
environment.
Finally,
gastroscope
stomach
drug
delivery
has
demonstrated
more
gastrointestinal
medical
treatments.
Bioactive Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
39, P. 163 - 190
Published: May 21, 2024
Oral
administration
is
the
most
simple,
noninvasive,
convenient
treatment.
With
increasing
demands
on
targeted
drug
delivery,
traditional
oral
treatment
now
facing
some
challenges:
1)
biologics
how
to
implement
and
ensure
bioavailability
not
lower
than
subcutaneous
injections;
2)
How
achieve
therapy
of
drugs
in
gastrointestinal
tract?
Based
these
two
issues,
delivery
microrobots
have
shown
great
application
prospect
due
their
characteristics
flexible
locomotion
or
driven
ability.
Therefore,
this
paper
summarizes
various
developed
recent
years
divides
them
into
four
categories
according
different
driving
modes:
magnetic-controlled
microrobots,
anchored
self-propelled
biohybrid
microrobots.
As
involve
disciplines
such
as
materials
science,
mechanical
engineering,
medicine,
control
systems,
begins
by
introducing
barriers
that
must
overcome.
Subsequently,
it
provides
an
overview
typical
involved
design
process
To
enhance
readers'
understanding
working
principles
we
present
a
guideline
for
designing
Furthermore,
current
development
status
types
reviewed,
summarizing
respective
advantages
limitations.
Finally,
considering
significant
concerns
regarding
safety
clinical
translation,
discuss
challenges
prospections
translation
presented
paper,
providing
corresponding
suggestions
addressing
existing
challenges.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(24)
Published: March 11, 2024
Abstract
Multimodal
and
controllable
locomotion
in
complex
terrain
is
of
great
importance
for
practical
applications
insect‐scale
robots.
Robust
plays
a
particularly
critical
role.
In
this
study,
mechanism
magnetic
robots
based
on
asymmetrical
friction
effect
induced
by
torque
revealed
defined.
The
defined
overcomes
the
design
constraints
imposed
both
robot
substrate
structures,
enabling
realization
multimodal
terrains.
Drawing
inspiration
from
human
walking
running
locomotion,
biped
proposed,
which
not
only
exhibits
rapid
across
substrates
with
varying
coefficients
but
also
achieves
precise
along
patterned
trajectories
through
programmed
controlling.
Furthermore,
apart
its
exceptional
locomotive
capabilities,
demonstrates
remarkable
robustness
terms
load‐carrying
weight‐bearing
performance.
presented
herein
introduce
novel
concept
designing
while
offering
extensive
possibilities
robotics.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: June 18, 2024
Abstract
Untethered
miniature
soft
robots
have
significant
application
potentials
in
biomedical
and
industrial
fields
due
to
their
space
accessibility
safe
human
interaction.
However,
the
lack
of
selective
forceful
actuation
is
still
challenging
revolutionizing
unleashing
versatility.
Here,
we
propose
a
focused
ultrasound-controlled
phase
transition
strategy
for
achieving
millimeter-level
spatially
Newton-level
force
robots,
which
harnesses
ultrasound-induced
heating
trigger
inside
robot,
enabling
powerful
through
inflation.
The
spatial
resolution
empowers
single
robot
perform
multiple
tasks
according
specific
requirements.
As
concept-of-demonstration,
designed
liquid
cargo
delivery
biopsy
tissue
acquisition
patching.
Additionally,
an
autonomous
control
system
integrated
with
ultrasound
imaging
enable
automatic
acoustic
field
alignment
control.
proposed
method
advances
spatiotemporal
response
capability
untethered
holding
promise
broadening
versatility
adaptability.
Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Magneto-responsiveness
in
living
organisms,
exemplified
by
migratory
birds
navigating
vast
distances,
offers
inspiration
for
soft
robots
and
human-computer
interfaces.
However,
achieving
both
high
magneto-responsiveness
resilient
mechanical
properties
synthetic
materials
has
been
challenging.
Here,
we
develop
magneto-iono-elastomers
(MINEs),
combining
exceptional
magnetization
[2.6
emu
(electromagnetic
units)/g]
with
hyperelasticity
self-healability.
Such
a
MINE
consists
of
magnetic
ionic
liquid
(MIL;
[Emim][FeCl
4
])
urethane
group–based
polymer
that
can
distinctively
confine
anions
through
strong
intermolecular
interactions,
including
potential
hydrogen
bonds
metal-coordination
bonds.
This
confinement
enables
MIL
loading
(80
wt
%)
while
maintaining
structure
integrity,
resulting
conductivity
exceeding
10
−3
S/cm.
Furthermore,
the
synergistic
interplay
these
reversible
MINEs
contributes
to
an
outstanding
elastic
recovery
surpasses
99%,
alongside
good
self-healing
capabilities.
The
unique
combination
attributes
positions
as
promising
candidate
diverse
magnetoelectronic
applications,
encompassing
wearable
strain
sensors,
contactless
magneto-responsive
electronics,
see-through
touch
panels,
carriers.
ABSTRACT
Bio‐integrated
microrobots
(BIMs),
which
are
fabricated
with
biofriendly
materials,
biological
units
(e.g.
cells
or
biomolecules),
cell‐material
hybrids
have
emerged
as
a
promising
technology
for
minimally
invasive
biomedicine.
The
diminutive
size
and
flexible
structures
enable
BIMs
to
navigate
within
narrow,
deep,
challenging‐to‐reach
in
vivo
regions,
performing
biopsy,
diagnostic,
drug
delivery,
therapeutic
functions
minimal
invasiveness.
However,
the
clinical
deployment
of
is
highly
orchestrated
task
that
requires
consideration
material
properties,
structural
design,
locomotion,
observation,
outcomes,
side
effects
on
tissues,
etc.
In
this
review,
we
review
discuss
latest
advances
bio‐integrated
microrobot
domain,
evaluating
various
methods
associated
fabrication,
actuation,
implementation
biomedical
BIMs.
By
comparing
advantages
shortcomings
these
techniques,
highlights
challenges
future
trends
intelligent
microrobots,
huge
potential
