Bioinspired Self‐healing Soft Electronics

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(17)

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract Inspired by nature, various self‐healing materials that can recover their physical properties after external damage have been developed. Recently, widely used in electronic devices for improving durability and protecting the from failure during operation. Moreover, integrate many other intriguing of biological systems, such as stretchability, mechanical toughness, adhesion, structural coloration, providing additional fascinating experiences. All these inspirations attracted extensive research on bioinspired soft electronics. This review presents a detailed discussion Firstly, two main healing mechanisms are introduced. Then, four categories electronics, including insulators, semiconductors, conductors, ionic reviewed, functions, working principles, applications summarized. Finally, human‐inspired animal‐inspired well applications, organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), pressure sensors, strain chemical triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), actuators, cutting‐edge promising field is believed to stimulate more excellent cross‐discipline works material science, flexible novel accelerating development human motion monitoring, environmental sensing, information transmission, etc.

Language: Английский

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Mechanoluminescent-Triboelectric Bimodal Sensors for Self-Powered Sensing and Intelligent Control

Nano-Micro Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 24, 2023

Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things (IoT). Various methods been proposed enhance mechano-optic or electric performance devices; however, it remains challenging realize display and accurate recognition motion trajectories for intelligent control. Here, we present a fully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based on micro-nanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer, which can patterned-display force trajectories. The deformable liquid metals used as stretchable electrode make stress transfer stable through overall device achieve outstanding mechanoluminescence (with gray value 107 under stimulus low 0.3 N more than 2000 cycles reproducibility). Moreover, microstructured surface is constructed endows resulted composite significantly improved triboelectric performances (voltage increases from 8 24 V). Based excellent durability obtained composite, highly reliable control system by machine learning has developed controlling trolley, providing an approach advanced visual interaction smart wearable electronics future IoT era.

Language: Английский

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Pressure/Temperature Dual‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogels for On‐Demand Schemochrome Patterning

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(47)

Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) based optical devices with adjustable schemochrome have attracted immense interest. However, most of the previously reported structural colored CNC‐based materials can only achieve simple stress‐induced color change, which difficulty achieving multimode control complex patterning that be accurately identified. Here, inspired by nanostructure‐based color‐changing mechanism neon tetra, this study presents a pressure/temperature dual‐responsive hydrogel dynamic chiral nematic structure. By incorporating abundant interfacial noncovalent interactions, correlations between helical pitch vertically stacked cholesteric liquid crystalline (LC) phase and responsiveness flexible thermosensitive substrate are established, further enable wide‐range characteristic (12°–213° in HSV model 421–734 nm UV–Vis spectra) identifiable visualized patterning. The resultant hydrogels applied proof‐of‐concept demonstrations on‐demand patterning, including customizable patterned dual‐encryption label, smart digital display, temperature monitor, intelligent recognition/control system. This envisages bioinspired construction nanomaterials will promising applications responsive photonic equipment anticounterfeiting, systems.

Language: Английский

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Mechanochromic Optical/Electrical Skin for Ultrasensitive Dual-Signal Sensing

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 5921 - 5934

Published: March 15, 2023

Following earlier research efforts dedicated to the realization of multifunctional sensing, recent developments artificial skins endeavor go beyond human sensory functions by integrating interactive visualization strain and pressure stimuli. Inspired microcracked structure spider slit organs mechanochromic mechanism chameleons, this work aims design a flexible optical/electrical skin (OE-skin) capable responding complex stimuli with feedback human-readable structural colors. The OE-skin consists an ionic electrode combined elastomer dielectric layer, chromotropic layer containing photonic crystals conductive carbon nanotube/MXene layer. electrode/dielectric layers function as capacitive sensor. ferroferric oxide–carbon magnetic arrays embedded in gelatin/polyacrylamide stretchable hydrogel film perceive bright color switching outputs full visible spectrum. underlying is devoted ultrasensitive sensing gauge factor 191.8. multilayered delivers ultrafast, accurate response for detection limit 75 Pa long-term stability 5000 cycles, while visualizing deformations form high-resolution spatial These findings offer deep insights into rational OE-skins devices.

Language: Английский

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Tough Ionogels: Synthesis, Toughening Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties─A Perspective

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 2645 - 2657

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Polymeric ionogels are polymer networks swollen with ionic liquids (i.e., salts low melting points). Ionogels interesting due to their unique features such as nonvolatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, excellent conductivity, nonflammability. These properties enable applications unconventional electronics, energy storage devices batteries supercapacitors), sensors actuators. However, the poor mechanical performance of (e.g., fracture strength < 1 MPa, modulus 0.1 toughness 1000 J m-2) have limited use, thus motivating need for tough ionogels. This Perspective summarizes recent advances toward by highlighting synthetic methods toughening mechanisms. Opportunities promising also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Synergetic Lithium and Hydrogen Bonds Endow Liquid‐Free Photonic Ionic Elastomer with Mechanical Robustness and Electrical/Optical Dual‐Output

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(20)

Published: March 6, 2023

Photonic ionic elastomers (PIEs) capable of multiple signal outputs are intriguing in flexible interactive electronics. However, fabricating PIEs with simultaneous mechanical robustness, good conductivity, and brilliant structure color still remains challenging. Here, the limitations broken through introducing synergistic effect lithium hydrogen bonds into an elastomer. In virtue bonding between ions carbonyl groups polymer matrix as well silanol on surface silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) ether along chains, demonstrate strength up to 4.3 MPa toughness 8.6 MJ m-3 . Meanwhile, synchronous electrical optical output under strains can be achieved presence dissociated contributed by bond non-close-packed SiNPs stabilized bond. Moreover, due their liquid-free nature, exhibit extraordinary stability durability, which withstand extreme conditions including both high low temperatures humidity. This work provides a promising molecular engineering route construct high-performance photonic conductors toward advanced ionotronic applications.

Language: Английский

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Skin‐Like Transparent, High Resilience, Low Hysteresis, Fatigue‐Resistant Cellulose‐Based Eutectogel for Self‐Powered E‐Skin and Human–Machine Interaction

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(13)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Abstract Artificial electronic skin (E‐skin), a class of promising materials mimicking the physical‐chemical and sensory performance human skin, has gained extensive interest in field health‐monitoring robotic skins. However, developing E‐skin simultaneously achieving high resilience, hysteresis‐free, absent external power is always formidable challenge. Herein, liquid‐free eutectic gel‐based self‐powered with fatigue resistance, conductivity prepared by introducing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) into metal salt‐based deep solvents (MDES). The unique structural design cellulose‐anchored permanent entangled poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chain, combination rapid broken/reconstruction dense dynamic sacrificial bonds, realizes fabrication high‐elastic negligible hysteresis. This further demonstrates practical application cellulose‐based eutectogel transmittance (92%), (36.6 mS m −1 ), resilience (98.1%), excellent environment stability robust triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting health‐caring human‐machine interaction.

Language: Английский

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Mechanochromic and ionic conductive cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers for biomechanical monitoring and human–machine interaction

Materials Horizons, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 217 - 226

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

Ionic conductive cholesteric liquid crystal elastomers with dynamic color-changing and electrical sensing functions were developed through the integration of polymer ionic networks.

Language: Английский

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Mechanochromic and Conductive Chiral Nematic Nanostructured Film for Bioinspired Ionic Skins

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(13), P. 12829 - 12841

Published: June 20, 2023

Chameleon skin is naturally adaptive and can sense environmental changes transform sensing into bioelectrical optical signals by manipulating ion transduction photonic nanostructures. The increasing interest in mimicking biological skins has considerably promoted the development of advanced materials with an ionic conductivity. Herein, we report judicious design fabrication a bioinspired mechanochromic chiral nematic nanostructured film good conductivity infiltrating fluorine-rich liquids (FILs) swollen self-assembled cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) helical nanoarchitectures. Notably, introduction 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate enhances compatibility hydrophobic FILs hydrophilic CNCs. resulting FIL-CNC films exhibited excellent mechanochromism, conductivity, outstanding optical/electrical dual-signal performance when used as for real-time monitoring human motions. Owing to integration FILs, underwater stability liquid crystal nanostructures CNCs was significantly enhanced. contact/contactless modes encrypted information transmission have been achieved film. This study offer great insights advancement biomimetic multifunctional artificial emerging interactive devices, which find important applications wearable iontronics, human-machine interactions, intelligent robots.

Language: Английский

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Low‐Hysteresis and Tough Ionogels via Low‐Energy‐Dissipating Cross‐Linking

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(44)

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Low-hysteresis merits can help polymeric gel materials survive from consecutive loading cycles and promote life span in many burgeoning areas. However, it is a big challenge to design low-hysteresis tough materials, especially for ionogels. This be attributed the fact that higher viscosities of ionic liquids (ILs) would increase chain friction gels eventually dissipate large amounts energy under deformation. Herein, chemical ionogels proposed achieve characteristics both mechanical electric aspects via hierarchical aggregates formed by supramolecular self-assembly quadruple H-bonds soft IL-rich matrix. These self-assembled nanoaggregates not only greatly reinforce matrix enhance resilience, but also exhibit low-energy-dissipating features stress conditions, simultaneously benefiting properties. toughness subsequent anti-fatigue properties response external cyclic stimuli. More importantly, these are presented as model system elucidate underlying mechanism low hysteresis fatigue resistance. Based on findings, further demonstrated strategy universal.

Language: Английский

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