Materials-Driven Soft Wearable Bioelectronics for Connected Healthcare

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(2), P. 455 - 553

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

In the era of Internet-of-things, many things can stay connected; however, biological systems, including those necessary for human health, remain unable to connected global Internet due lack soft conformal biosensors. The fundamental challenge lies in fact that electronics and biology are distinct incompatible, as they based on different materials via functioning principles. particular, body is curvilinear, yet typically rigid planar. Recent advances design have generated tremendous opportunities wearable bioelectronics, which may bridge gap, enabling ultimate dream healthcare anyone, anytime, anywhere. We begin with a review historical development healthcare, indicating significant trend healthcare. This followed by focal point discussion about new design, particularly low-dimensional nanomaterials. summarize material types their attributes designing bioelectronic sensors; we also cover synthesis fabrication methods, top-down, bottom-up, combined approaches. Next, discuss energy challenges progress made date. addition front-end devices, describe back-end machine learning algorithms, artificial intelligence, telecommunication, software. Afterward, integration systems been applied various testbeds real-world settings, laboratories preclinical clinical environments. Finally, narrate remaining conjunction our perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Solvent‐Free and Skin‐Like Supramolecular Ion‐Conductive Elastomers with Versatile Processability for Multifunctional Ionic Tattoos and On‐Skin Bioelectronics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(39)

Published: June 24, 2023

The development of stable and biocompatible soft ionic conductors, alternatives to hydrogels ionogels, will open up new avenues for the construction stretchable electronics. Here, a brand-new design, encapsulating naturally occurring ionizable compound by polymer via high-density hydrogen bonds, resulting in solvent-free supramolecular ion-conductive elastomer (SF-supra-ICE) that eliminates dehydration problem possesses excellent biocompatibility, is reported. SF-supra-ICE with high conductivity (>3.3 × 10-2 S m-1 ) exhibits skin-like softness strain-stiffening behaviors, elasticity, breathability, self-adhesiveness. Importantly, can be obtained simple water evaporation step solidify aqueous precursor into nature. Therefore, act as inks painted printed customized tattoos (I-tattoos) multifunctional on-skin bioelectronics. I-tattoos exhibit ultraconformal seamless contact human skin, enabling long-term high-fidelity recording various electrophysiological signals extraordinary immunity motion artifacts. Human-machine interactions are achieved exploiting transmit beings. Stretchable I-tattoo electrode arrays, manufactured printing method, demonstrated multichannel digital diagnosis health condition back muscles spine.

Language: Английский

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Skin‐Like Transparent, High Resilience, Low Hysteresis, Fatigue‐Resistant Cellulose‐Based Eutectogel for Self‐Powered E‐Skin and Human–Machine Interaction

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(13)

Published: Dec. 14, 2023

Abstract Artificial electronic skin (E‐skin), a class of promising materials mimicking the physical‐chemical and sensory performance human skin, has gained extensive interest in field health‐monitoring robotic skins. However, developing E‐skin simultaneously achieving high resilience, hysteresis‐free, absent external power is always formidable challenge. Herein, liquid‐free eutectic gel‐based self‐powered with fatigue resistance, conductivity prepared by introducing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) into metal salt‐based deep solvents (MDES). The unique structural design cellulose‐anchored permanent entangled poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chain, combination rapid broken/reconstruction dense dynamic sacrificial bonds, realizes fabrication high‐elastic negligible hysteresis. This further demonstrates practical application cellulose‐based eutectogel transmittance (92%), (36.6 mS m −1 ), resilience (98.1%), excellent environment stability robust triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting health‐caring human‐machine interaction.

Language: Английский

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Fully Polymeric Conductive Hydrogels with Low Hysteresis and High Toughness as Multi‐Responsive and Self‐Powered Wearable Sensors

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(32)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract High mechanical strength, excellent toughness, low hysteresis, and robust resilience are of great importance for stretchable conductive hydrogels (CHs) to heighten their reliabilities self‐powered sensing applications. However, it still remains challenging simultaneously obtain the mutually exclusive performances. Herein, an intrinsically adhesive hydrogel is fabricated by one‐step radical polymerization acrylamide (AAm), three hydroxy groups together clustered‐N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide (THMA), cationic 1‐Butyl‐3‐Vinylimidazolium Bromide (ILs) dissolved in core‐shell structurally dispersed PEDOT:PSS (PP) solution. Owing abundant clustered hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions between PILs chains anionic PSS shells, polymer chain entanglements, CHs feature superior properties with a high tensile strength (0.25 MPa), fracture strain (1015%), toughness (1.22 MJ m ‐3 ), energy 36.5 kJ ‐2 extremely hysteresis (5%), display fatigue resistance. As result, indicate gauge factor up 10.46, broad range (1‐900%) pressure (0.05‐100 kPa), fast responsive rate, thus qualifying monitoring reliably accurately large tiny human movements daily life. Moreover, hydrogel‐assembled triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) exhibit stable electrical output performances, which greatly promising flexible wearable electronics.

Language: Английский

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A Semi‐Interpenetrating Poly(Ionic Liquid) Network‐Driven Low Hysteresis and Transparent Hydrogel as a Self‐Powered Multifunctional Sensor

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(32)

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Conductive hydrogels are gaining significant attention as promising candidates for the fabrication materials flexible electronics. Nevertheless, improving tensile properties, hysteresis, durability, adhesion, and electrochemical properties of these remains challenging. This work reports development a novel semi‐interpenetrating network poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel named PATV, via in situ polymerization acrylamide, N ‐[Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The density functional theory calculations reveal that acts physical cross–linking points to construct hydrogen‐bond networks. Furthermore, networks dissipate energy efficiently quickly, thus stress concentration hysteresis avoided. prepared has low (9%), high (900%), fast response (180 ms), sensitivity (gauge factor = 10.4, pressure 0.14 kPa −1 ), wide sensing range (tensile range: 1–600%, compression 0.1–20 kPa). A multifunctional sensor designed based on enables real‐time, rapid, stable response‐ability detection human movement, facial expression recognition, pronunciation, pulse, handwriting, Morse code encryption. assembled triboelectric nanogenerator displays an excellent harvesting capability, highlighting its potential application self‐powered wearable electronic devices.

Language: Английский

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Neural Network‐Inspired Polyurea Ionogel with Mechanical Robustness, Low Hysteresis, and High Transparency for Soft Iontronics

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(37)

Published: March 7, 2024

Abstract Concurrently achieving mechanical robustness, low hysteresis, and high transparency are essential for ionogels to enhance their reliability satisfy the requirements in soft electronics. Fabricating comprising these characteristics presents a considerable challenge. Herein, inspired by structure of neural networks, new strategy situ formation dense urea moieties aggregated domains is proposed achieve topology‐tailoring polyurea ionogels. Initially, leveraging pronounced disparity reactivity isocyanate (─NCO) groups between isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) NCO‐terminated prepolymer (PPGTD), IPDI preferentially reacts with deblocked trifunctional latent curing agents, resulting domains. Thereafter, interconnected via PPGTD establish polymer networks which ionic liquid uniformly dispersed, forming like Attributed this unique design strategy, ionogel demonstrates remarkable properties, including strength (0.6–2.4 MPa), excellent toughness (0.9–4.3 MJ m −3 ), hysteresis (6.6–11.6%), (>92%), along enhanced fatigue puncture resistance. Furthermore, exhibit outstanding versatility, enabling strain sensors, flexible electroluminescence devices, nanogenerators. This contributes unparalleled combinatory catering diverse demands iontronics.

Language: Английский

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Low‐Hysteresis and Tough Ionogels via Low‐Energy‐Dissipating Cross‐Linking

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(44)

Published: Aug. 29, 2024

Low-hysteresis merits can help polymeric gel materials survive from consecutive loading cycles and promote life span in many burgeoning areas. However, it is a big challenge to design low-hysteresis tough materials, especially for ionogels. This be attributed the fact that higher viscosities of ionic liquids (ILs) would increase chain friction gels eventually dissipate large amounts energy under deformation. Herein, chemical ionogels proposed achieve characteristics both mechanical electric aspects via hierarchical aggregates formed by supramolecular self-assembly quadruple H-bonds soft IL-rich matrix. These self-assembled nanoaggregates not only greatly reinforce matrix enhance resilience, but also exhibit low-energy-dissipating features stress conditions, simultaneously benefiting properties. toughness subsequent anti-fatigue properties response external cyclic stimuli. More importantly, these are presented as model system elucidate underlying mechanism low hysteresis fatigue resistance. Based on findings, further demonstrated strategy universal.

Language: Английский

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Transparent, stretchable, self-healing, and self-adhesive ionogels for flexible multifunctional sensors and encryption systems

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 484, P. 149632 - 149632

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Stretchable ionic conductive gels for wearable human-activity detection

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 489, P. 151231 - 151231

Published: April 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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Highly ionic conductive, elastic, and biocompatible double-network composite gel for epidermal biopotential monitoring and wearable sensing

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 684, P. 272 - 282

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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