Age of Flexible Electronics: Emerging Trends in Soft Multifunctional Sensors

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(16)

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract With the commercialization of first‐generation flexible mobiles and displays in late 2010s, humanity has stepped into age electronics. Inevitably, soft multifunctional sensors, as essential components next‐generation electronics, have attracted tremendous research interest like never before. This review is dedicated to offering an overview latest emerging trends sensors their accordant future development (R&D) directions for coming decade. First, key characteristics predominant target stimuli are highlighted. Second, important selection criteria introduced. Next, materials/structures identified. Specifically, R&D these envisaged based on trends, namely i) decoupling multiple stimuli, ii) data processing, iii) skin conformability, iv) energy sources. Finally, challenges potential opportunities discussed, new insights prospects fast‐emerging technology.

Language: Английский

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Self-poled piezoelectric polymer composites via melt-state energy implantation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

Lightweight flexible piezoelectric polymers are demanded for various applications. However, the low instinctively coefficient (i.e. d33) and complex poling process greatly resist their Herein, we show that introducing dynamic pressure during fabrication is capable polyvinylidene difluoride/barium titanate (PVDF/BTO) composites with d33 of ~51.20 pC/N at density ~0.64 g/cm

Language: Английский

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Polymer ionogels and their application in flexible ionic devices

SmartMat, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(2)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Polymer ionogel (PIG) is a new type of flexible, stretchable, and ion‐conductive material, which generally consists two components (polymer matrix materials ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents). More more attention has been received owing to its excellent properties, such as nonvolatility, good conductivity, thermal stability, high electrochemical transparency. In this review, the latest research developments PIGs are comprehensively reviewed according different polymer matrices. Particularly, development novel structural designs, preparation methods, basic their advantages respectively summarized. Furthermore, typical applications in flexible skin, electrochromic devices, actuators, power supplies reviewed. The working mechanism, device structure design strategies, unique functions PIG‐based devices briefly introduced. Finally, perspectives on current challenges future directions application discussed.

Language: Английский

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Advancements in polymer nanofiber-based piezoelectric nanogenerators: Revolutionizing self-powered wearable electronics and biomedical applications

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 495, P. 153481 - 153481

Published: June 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Illuminating the Brain: Advances and Perspectives in Optoelectronics for Neural Activity Monitoring and Modulation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(42)

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Abstract Optogenetic modulation of brain neural activity that combines optical and electrical modes in a unitary system has recently gained robust momentum. Controlling illumination spatial coverage, designing light‐activated modulators, developing wireless light delivery data transmission are crucial for maximizing the use neuromodulation. To this end, biocompatible electrodes with enhanced optoelectrical performance, device integration multiplexed addressing, transmission, multimodal operation soft systems have been developed. This review provides an outlook uniformly illuminating large areas while spatiotemporally imaging responses upon stimulation little artifacts. Representative concepts important breakthroughs, such as head‐mounted illumination, multiple implanted fibers, micro‐light‐delivery devices, discussed. Examples techniques incorporate electrophysiological monitoring presented. Challenges perspectives posed further research efforts toward high‐density interface modulation, potential nonpharmacological neurological disease treatments stimulation.

Language: Английский

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Developments and Challenges of Miniature Piezoelectric Robots: A Review

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(36)

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Miniature robots have been widely studied and applied in the fields of search rescue, reconnaissance, micromanipulation, even interior human body benefiting from their highlight features small size, light weight, agile movement. With development new smart materials, many functional actuating elements proposed to construct miniature robots. Compared with other elements, piezoelectric advantages compact structure, high power density, fast response, resolution, no electromagnetic interference, which make them greatly suitable for robots, capture attentions favor numerous scholars. In this paper, a comprehensive review recent developments (MPRs) is provided. The MPRs are classified summarized detail three aspects operating environment, structure element, working principle. addition, manufacturing methods materials MPRs, as well application situations, sorted out outlined. Finally, challenges future trends evaluated discussed. It hoped that will be great assistance determining appropriate designs guiding provide destination board researchers interested MPRs.

Language: Английский

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A Spin-Charge-Regulated Self-Powered Nanogenerator for Simultaneous Pyro-Magneto-Electric Energy Harvesting

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(18), P. 11964 - 11977

Published: April 24, 2024

In view of the depletion natural energy resources, harvesting from waste is a revolution to simultaneously capture, unite, and recycle various types energies in flexible devices. Thus, this work, spin-charge-regulated pyro-magneto-electric nanogenerator devised at well-known ferroelectric P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer. It promptly stores thermal-magnetic "capacitor" that generates electricity room temperature. The domains are regulated slip interfaces (also twins) duly promoting polarization other properties. An excellent pyroelectric coefficient p ∼ 615 nC·m–2·K–1 obtained, with enhanced stimuli thermal sensitivity ∼1.05 V·K–1, magnetoelectric αme ∼8.8 mV·cm–1·Oe–1 180 Hz (resonance frequency), magnetosensitivity ∼473 V/T. noteworthy strategy further improving (up 41.2 μC·m–2·K–1) 23.6 mV·cm–1·Oe–1) realized electrically poled dipoles. model hybrid structure, spins lead switch up electric dipoles parallel polymer chains cohesive charged layer. an innovative approach for efficiently scavenging vehicles, homes, industries, where abundant magnetic accessible. This sustainable could be useful next-generation self-powered electronics.

Language: Английский

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Porous, Self-Polarized Ferroelectric Polymer Films Exhibiting Behavior Reminiscent of Morphotropic Phase Boundary Induced by Size-Dependent Interface Effect for Self-Powered Sensing

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(13), P. 9470 - 9485

Published: March 20, 2024

Piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its copolymer, fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), have attracted considerable attention due to their potential in flexible, biocompatible energy harvesting sensing devices. However, limited piezoelectric performance hinders widespread application. Inspired by the concept of morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) prevalent high-performance ceramics, we successfully constructed MPB polymer P(VDF-TrFE) through size-dependent interface effects. We provided direct structural evidence using atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) significantly improved P(VDF-TrFE). The emergence is attributed effect induced electrostatic interactions between ZnO fillers −CH2, −CF2, −CHF groups This interaction drives a concomitant competition all-trans β (normal ferroelectric) 3/1 helical (relaxor), resulting enhanced responses transition region. By coupling with porous structure, developed nanogenerator (PENG) that surpasses electrical output limitation current P(VDF-TrFE)-based PENGs. fabricated PENG exhibits superior outputs (6.9 μW/cm2), impressive pressure sensitivity (2.3038 V/kPa), ultrafast response time (4.3 ms), recovery (46.4 ms)─notably, without need for additional poling treatment. In practical applications, can efficiently generate characteristic signals various human movements harvest biomechanical energy. work offers insight into utilizing interface-induced proposes simple, scalable approach developing self-polarized films self-powered systems toward human–machine interaction.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and opportunities in piezoelectric polymers: Effect of oriented amorphous fraction in ferroelectric semicrystalline polymers

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(3)

Published: May 24, 2024

Abstract Despite extensive research on piezoelectric polymers since the discovery of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in 1969, fundamental physics polymer piezoelectricity has remained elusive. Based classic principle piezoelectricity, should originate from polar crystalline phase. Surprisingly, crystal contribution to strain coefficient d 31 is determined be less than 10%, primarily owing difficulty changing molecular bond lengths and angles. Instead, >85% Poisson's ratio, which closely related oriented amorphous fraction (OAF) uniaxially stretched films semicrystalline ferroelectric (FE) polymers. In this perspective, structure–piezoelectric property relationship revealed using PVDF‐based FE as a model system. melt‐processed polymers, OAF often present links lamellae isotropic fraction. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that electrostrictive conformation transformation chains induces polarization change upon application either stress (the direct effect) or an electric field converse effect). Meanwhile, relaxor‐like secondary crystals (SC ), are favored grow extended‐chain (ECC) structure, can further enhance piezoelectricity. However, ECC structure difficult achieve PVDF homopolymers without high‐pressure crystallization. We have discovered high‐power ultrasonication effectively induce SC improve its performance. Finally, we envision mechanism also applicable for other such odd‐numbered nylons biopolymers.

Language: Английский

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Advanced Materials for Energy Harvesting and Soft Robotics: Emerging Frontiers to Enhance Piezoelectric Performance and Functionality

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Abstract Piezoelectric energy harvesting captures mechanical from a number of sources, such as vibrations, the movement objects and bodies, impact events, fluid flow to generate electric power. Such power can be employed support wireless communication, electronic components, ocean monitoring, tissue engineering, biomedical devices. A variety self‐powered piezoelectric sensors, transducers, actuators have been produced for these applications, however approaches enhance properties materials increase device performance remain challenging frontier research. In this regard, intrinsic polarization designed or deliberately engineered piezo‐generated This review provides insights into mechanisms piezoelectricity in advanced materials, including perovskites, active polymers, natural biomaterials, with focus on chemical physical strategies piezo‐response facilitate their integration complex systems. Applications soft robotics are overviewed by highlighting primary figures merits, actuation mechanisms, relevant applications. Key breakthroughs valuable further improve both discussed, together critical assessment requirements next‐generation systems, future scientific technological solutions.

Language: Английский

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