Sustainable Approaches to Address Lead Toxicity in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review of Lead Encapsulation and Recycling Solutions
EcoMat,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
The
increasing
global
concerns
about
energy
shortages
and
environmental
pollution
are
driving
the
development
of
materials
for
clean
conversion.
Among
various
materials,
lead
halide
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
have
emerged
as
promising
candidates
next‐generation
photovoltaic
(PV)
technologies.
However,
use
toxic
in
high‐efficiency
devices
raises
sustainability
concerns,
particularly
due
to
risk
contamination
from
leakage.
Given
projected
growth
market,
effective
management
toxicity
is
essential
safe
deployment
this
technology.
This
review
explores
latest
developments
encapsulation
strategies,
including
both
external
internal
aimed
at
mitigating
leakage
enhancing
safety
photovoltaics.
Additionally,
it
also
discusses
recycling
solutions
necessary
establish
a
sustainable
closed‐loop
system.
These
approaches
not
only
recycle
but
reclaim
other
promoting
circular
resources
advancing
competitiveness
PV
image
Language: Английский
Rapping up Perovskite Solar Cells With Polymers: A Flexible Point of View
Mengfan Ma,
No information about this author
Weihui Bi,
No information about this author
Yong S. Chu
No information about this author
et al.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 7, 2025
Abstract
The
application
of
vast
kinds
materials
in
functional
layers
flexible
perovskite
solar
cells
(FPSCs)
renders
a
rapid
improvement
power
conversion
efficiency
(PCE),
yet
such
characteristic
is
still
outcompeted
by
their
nonflexible
counterpart.
To
date,
the
key
challenges
FPSCs
come
from
suboptimal
film
crystallinity
and
built‐up
stress
due
to
mismatch
lattice
constant
between
layers,
making
whole
device
prone
mechanical
vulnerability
degradation
optoelectronic
performance.
Among
reported
solutions
for
above
issues,
polymeric
are
particularly
used
as
additives
interfacial
FPSCs,
which
promote
crystallization
perovskite,
defect
passivation,
self‐healing,
hence
improving
device's
PCE
long‐term
stability.
In
this
review
progress
polymers
gone
through,
aiming
present
comprehensive
overview
how
utilize
further
push
envelope
efficiency,
its
underlying
mechanisms.
Furthermore,
study
delved
into
contributions
encapsulation
large‐area
manufacturing
processes,
critical
facilitate
lab‐to‐fab
process
FPSCs.
Finally,
forward‐looking
insights
that
set
requirements
future
material
design
selection
presented,
with
hope
constructing
efficient,
stable,
environmentally
friendly
Language: Английский
Interfacial Crosslinking Benzimidazolium Enables Eco-friendly Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Zhiyuan Dai,
No information about this author
Yang Yang,
No information about this author
Xiaofeng Huang
No information about this author
et al.
Nano Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
131, P. 110190 - 110190
Published: Aug. 29, 2024
Language: Английский
Recycled Upgrading Hole Transport Material Advances Closed‐Loop Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells
Small,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 3, 2025
Abstract
Developing
a
thoroughgoing
recovery
technology
that
allows
simultaneously
separating
and
recovering
all
functional
layers
of
the
end‐of‐life
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs),
in
keeping
with
maintaining
potent
device
efficiency
eco‐environment
friendliness,
is
crucial
toward
sustainability
PSCs.
Herein,
we
propose
facile
closed‐loop
recycling
strategy
to
realize
acquisition
reutilization
hole
transport
material
other
retrievable
components
from
obsolete
PSCs,
employing
chlorobenzene
dimethylformamide
sequentially
dissolve
spiro‐OMeTAD
layers.
Surprisingly,
recycled
spiro‐OMeTAD,
i.e.,
oxidized
(spiro‐OMeTAD
•+
)
endows
reinforced
conductivity
mobility,
favorable
energy
band
alignment,
mitigated
defects,
thus
resulting
expedited
extraction
lessened
nonradiative
recombination
loss.
Along
dissolution
layers,
materials
involving
Ag,
PbI
2
,
ITO/SnO
are
concurrently
recovered.
Note
solubilizers
also
eliminate
alien
reagents
environmental
hazards.
The
refabricated
PSC
based
on
recovered
delivers
an
upgrading
power
conversion
up
23.41%
together
open
circuit
voltage
1.17
V,
outperforming
control
fresh
(20.77%,
1.11
V).
Overall,
this
holds
promise
for
realizing
pushes
future
PSCs
sustainability.
Language: Английский
Multidentate Chelation Defect Passivation via Hyperbranched Polysiloxane for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Guangpeng Feng,
No information about this author
Tong Wang,
No information about this author
Xilai He
No information about this author
et al.
Nano Energy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 111084 - 111084
Published: April 1, 2025
Language: Английский
Synergistic Chemical and Physical Encapsulation Strategies Enable Highly Stable and Lead Leakage‐Suppressed Perovskite Solar Cells
Interdisciplinary materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 2, 2025
ABSTRACT
Although
outstanding
power
conversion
efficiency
has
been
achieved
in
perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs),
poor
stability
and
lead
(Pb)
toxicity
are
still
the
key
challenges
limiting
commercial
application
of
PSCs.
Herein,
we
adopted
both
chemical
encapsulation
physical
to
address
these
problems.
Via
strong
interaction
between
dibutyl
phthalate
(DBP)
perovskite,
strategy
results
higher
film
quality
with
reduced
trap
density,
device
enhances
from
22.07%
24.36%.
Physical
polymer
high
robustness
self‐healing
properties
could
effectively
isolate
external
risks
restore
protection
after
damage.
Furthermore,
materials
Pb
ions
leaking
by
forming
coordination
interactions.
We
simulated
realistic
scenarios
which
PSCs
encapsulated
different
methods
suffered
water
immersion
mechanical
damage,
quantitatively
measured
leakage
rates
under
conditions.
Higher
greater
reduction
were
achieved,
confirming
excellent
effect
synergy
encapsulation.
This
study
provides
an
effective
realize
safe
environmentally
friendly
promote
their
commercialization.
Language: Английский
Transforming Near-Infrared Photodetectors with Perovskites: Materials, Strategies, and Future Outlook
Ruizhi Xu,
No information about this author
Xin Yu Chin,
No information about this author
Luke R. W. White
No information about this author
et al.
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 2, 2025
Language: Английский
Polymers for Perovskite Solar Cells
Shuo Wang,
No information about this author
Xueyuan Gong,
No information about this author
Mingxin Li
No information about this author
et al.
JACS Au,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(9), P. 3400 - 3412
Published: Aug. 31, 2024
Perovskite
solar
cells
(PSCs)
are
recognized
as
one
of
the
most
promising
next-generation
photovoltaics,
primarily
due
to
their
exceptional
power
conversion
efficiency,
ease
processing,
and
cost-effectiveness.
Despite
these
advantages,
challenges
remain
in
achieving
high-quality
films
ensuring
long-term
stability
PSCs,
which
hinder
widespread
commercialization.
Polymers,
characterized
by
multifunctional
groups,
superior
thermal
stability,
flexible
long
chains,
cross-linking
capabilities,
offer
significant
potential
enhance
performance
reliability
PSCs.
This
review
comprehensively
presents
multifaceted
roles
that
polymers
play
Through
carefully
controlling
interactions
between
perovskites,
crucial
aspects
such
film
crystallization
kinetics,
carrier
transport
process,
ion
migration
issues,
mechanical
properties
under
bending
can
be
effectively
regulated
maximize
device
performance.
Furthermore,
hydrophobic
strong
chelated
networks
significantly
PSCs
various
environmental
conditions
while
mitigating
lead
leakage,
thereby
addressing
concerns
durability.
Moreover,
this
Perspective
identifies
pathways
for
further
advancing
polymer-based
strategies
PSC
applications.
Language: Английский
Internal Capsulation Via Self‐Cross‐linking and π‐Effects Achieves Highly Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Zongzhi Yang,
No information about this author
Yuling Zhang,
No information about this author
Guangzheng Wu
No information about this author
et al.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Oct. 14, 2024
Abstract
Pursuing
high
stability
becomes
the
core
challenge
in
realizing
widespread
application
of
perovskite
solar
cells
(PerSCs).
Here,
a
practical
internal‐capsulation
strategy
is
proposed
by
introducing
cross‐linkable
methacrylate
analogs
upon
layer,
hindering
ion
migration
and
preventing
lead
leakage
to
achieve
stable
PerSCs.
Butyl
(UMA)
benzyl
(BMA)
can
chemically
interact
with
especially
for
BMA
dimer
significant
π‐interactions
among
hanging
benzene
rings.
Such
configuration
facilitated
more
compact
coordination,
thereby
restoring
Fermi
level
defect‐free
state
reducing
carrier
recombination
losses.
Moreover,
integrating
self‐cross‐linking
intermolecular
π‐effect,
upgraded
internal
capsulation
from
linear
protection
mesh‐like
scale.
Consequently,
not
only
boosted
efficiency
25.31%
but
also
greatly
enhanced
water
resistance
linkage.
The
upgrading
marked
an
innovative
direction
protecting
paving
way
sustainable
PerSCs
further
application.
Language: Английский
Multifunctional additive enables lead-adsorbing carbon electrodes for perovskite solar cells
Yuanzhu Jiang,
No information about this author
Aodong Zhu,
No information about this author
Teng Liao
No information about this author
et al.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(44), P. 30611 - 30617
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Phosphate,
being
a
single-component
multifunctional
additive,
serves
as
viable
material
for
the
carbon
electrode
in
perovskite
solar
cells.
This
utilization
ensures
device's
performance
and
mitigates
risk
of
potential
lead
pollution.
Language: Английский