Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(10), P. 2248 - 2248
Published: May 13, 2025
Sodium-ion
batteries
(SIBs)
have
emerged
as
a
viable
alternative
to
lithium-ion
technologies,
with
carbon-based
anodes
playing
pivotal
role
in
addressing
key
challenges
of
sodium
storage.
This
review
systematically
examines
hard
carbon
the
premier
anode
material,
elucidating
its
dual
storage
mechanisms:
(1)
sloping
capacity
(2.0–0.1
V
vs.
Na+/Na)
from
surface/defect
adsorption
and
(2)
plateau
(<0.1
V)
via
closed-pore
filling
pseudo-graphitic
intercalation.
Through
critical
analysis
recent
advancements,
we
establish
that
optimized
architectures
delivering
300–400
mAh/g
require
precise
coordination
domains
(d002
=
0.36–0.40
nm)
<1
nm
closed
pores.
ultimately
provides
design
blueprint
for
next-generation
anodes,
proposing
three
research
frontiers:
machine
learning-guided
microstructure
optimization,
dynamic
sodiation/desodiation
control
sub
pores,
(3)
scalable
manufacturing
heteroatom-doped
engineered
domains.
These
advancements
position
enablers
high-performance,
cost-effective
SIBs
grid-scale
energy
applications.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
A
hard
carbon
with
concentrated
ultra-micropore
sizes
of
0.4–0.8
nm
is
prepared
by
a
protonation-mediated
strategy,
which
enables
high
plateau
capacity
and
rate
capability
for
sodium-ion
batteries
toward
energy
power
densities.
Journal of Materials Chemistry A,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
A
composite
of
N-doped
tubular
sisal
fiber
carbon
and
MoS
2
nanosheets
(MoS
/N-TSFC)
for
sodium-ion
battery
anode
material
has
been
obtained,
which
excellent
electrochemical
performance
with
an
ultra-high
ICE
(93%)
long
cycle
stability.
Small,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 17, 2025
Abstract
In
situHard
carbon
(HC)
is
considered
to
be
the
most
promising
anode
material
for
sodium‐ion
batteries
(SIBs)
due
structural
diversity,
and
low
cost.
However,
limited
Na
+
transfer
kinetics
defects
lead
initial
Coulombic
efficiency
(ICE)
poor
rate
performance
(typically
<5
A
g
−1
)
of
HC
anodes.
this
work,
an
interesting
morphology‐induced
strategy
reported
synthesize
2D
material.
MXene
introduced
into
sugar‐derived
during
hydrothermal
process.
After
subsequent
carbonization,
as‐obtained
composite
(TC5‐1300)
inherits
lamellar
structure
MXene,
TiC
nanoparticles
by
Ti
3
C
2
reacting
with
are
embedded
layer.
This
concentrated
architecture
not
only
provides
a
robust
scaffold
sodium
storage,
but
also
greatly
reduces
HC.
Therefore,
TC5‐1300
maintains
high
reversible
capacity
267.28
mA
h
after
500
cycles
at
ICE
86.27%.
Attributed
excellent
diffusion
ability
interfacial
stabilization,
exhibit
194
even
8
.
Furthermore,
morphology
tailoring
can
generalized
other
sugar
sources
derived
materials,
which
valuable
solution
commercial
development
Journal of Applied Polymer Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 26, 2025
ABSTRACT
In
this
study,
N/O/S
tri‐doped
polyaniline‐based
hard
carbons
(D‐PANI‐HCs)
have
been
synthesized
through
a
sequential
process
involving
in
situ
aniline
polymerization,
rotary
evaporation,
and
subsequent
calcination.
The
residual
ammonium
persulfate
functions
as
critical
multifunctional
precursor,
simultaneously
enabling
heteroatom
doping
acting
an
gaseous
template
during
the
calcination
process.
resulting
D‐PANI‐HCs
demonstrates
superior
structural
properties
compared
to
undoped
PANI‐HCs,
including
larger
interlayer
spacing,
more
closed
nanopores
active
sites.
Therefore,
electrochemical
performances
of
anode
materials
for
sodium‐ion
batteries
demonstrate
significant
enhancement
PANI‐HCs.
Specifically,
initial
Coulombic
efficiency
increases
67.9%,
up
from
46.9%
while
specific
capacity
at
0.05
A·g
−1
reaches
318
mAh·g
,
notable
improvement
over
175
un‐doped
Furthermore,
exhibits
excellent
cycling
stability,
retaining
295
(92.5%
retention)
after
200
cycles
171
(86.4%
1000
0.3
.
