Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 8, 2024
Abstract
Hydrogels
are
regarded
as
an
ideal
medium
for
human-machine
interaction
(HMI)
due
to
their
adjustable
modulus
and
flexibility,
enabling
seamless
with
smart
devices.
However,
in
the
field
of
medical
rehabilitation,
most
hydrogel-based
sensors
simply
used
detect
motion
signals
fragments
rarely
applied
help
patients
rehabilitation
training
improve
efficiency
doctors'
diagnosis.
This
is
unstable
sensing
properties
poor
mechanical
hydrogels.
The
durability
greatly
limits
application
sensors.
Here,
a
conductive
hydrogel
sensor
visual
temperature
sensitivity
good
(300%
strain,
breaking
stress
0.19
MPa)
fabricated
by
introducing
polyvinyl
alcohol
(PVA)-borax
system
combined
freeze-thaw
physical
regulation
strategy.
PVA/PNIPAM/PEDOT:
PSS
(PPP)
hydrogels
possess
rapid
response/recovery
time
(200
ms/200
ms),
low
detection
limit
1%
stability
durability.
Furthermore,
integrating
LabVIEW
circuit
program
wireless
transmission
technology,
we
have
developed
advanced
intelligent
HMI
capable
monitoring,
training,
remote
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Abstract
Conductive
hydrogels
combine
the
benefits
of
soft
with
electrical
conductivity
and
have
gained
significant
attention
over
past
decade.
These
innovative
materials,
including
poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)
(PEDOTs)‐based
conductive
(P‐CHs),
are
promising
for
flexible
electronics
biological
applications
due
to
their
tunable
flexibility,
biocompatibility,
hydrophilicity.
Despite
recent
advances,
intrinsic
correlation
between
design,
fabrications,
P‐CHs
has
been
mostly
based
on
trial‐and‐error‐based
Edisonian
approaches,
significantly
limiting
further
development.
This
review
comprehensively
examines
design
strategies,
fabrication
technologies,
diverse
P‐CHs.
By
summarizing
such
as
molecular,
network,
phase,
structural
engineering,
exploring
both
2D
3D
techniques,
this
offers
a
comprehensive
overview
in
fields
bioelectronics,
actuators,
energy
devices,
solar
evaporators.
Establishing
critical
internal
connection
fabrication,
application
aims
guide
future
research
stimulate
innovation
field
functional
P‐CHs,
offering
broad
multidisciplinary
researchers.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(52)
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Abstract
Materials
combining
stretchability
and
sensitivity
to
external
stimuli
are
key
for
wearable
electronics
applications
enable
the
emergence
of
disruptive
technologies
in
biosensing,
health
monitoring,
photodetection
human
motion
recognition.
Conductive
organohydrogels
have
gained
significant
attention
due
their
high
cost‐effective
preparation.
Biopolymers
like
gelatin
alginate
offer
unique
opportunities
developing
responsive
devices,
owing
biocompatibility
toward
environmental
factors.
Here
sustainable
bio‐inspired
method
is
presented
produce
alginategelatin
transparency
visible
range,
ionic
conductivity,
stretchability,
multiresponsiveness.
The
controlled
alginate's
crosslinking
with
various
metal
cations
Mn
2+
,
Cu
Fe
3+
Zr
4+
enables
modulating
conductivity
as
well
finely
tuning
material's
thermal
mechanical
properties.
These
show
responsiveness
temperature
(from
10
50
degrees,
a
0.19
K
−1
),
relative
humidity
20
80%,
0.022
RH(%)
strain
(gauge
factor
>1.6),
enabling
real‐time
monitoring
physiological
parameters.
Remarkably,
they
also
exhibit
photoresponsivity
9.2
µA
W
under
light,
feature
rarely
reported
literature.
ease
chosen
sensitivities
open
perspectives
applying
these
materials
stretchable
sensors.
Nanomaterials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 134 - 134
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Despite
its
widespread
application
in
targeted
drug
delivery,
soft
robotics,
and
smart
screens,
magnetic
hydrogel
still
faces
challenges
from
lagging
mechanical
performance
to
sluggish
response
times.
In
this
paper,
a
methodology
of
situ
generation
based
on
3D
printing
poly-N-isopropylacrylamide
(PNIPAM)
is
presented.
A
temperature-responsive
PNIPAM
was
prepared
by
printing,
Fe2O3
particles
were
generated
within
the
network
generate
hydrogel.
By
forming
uniformly
distributed
polymer
network,
customized
materials
successfully
achieved.
The
bilayer
structure
designed
according
different
swelling
ratios
temperature-sensitive
Combined
with
excellent
properties
printable
hydrogel,
4D-printed
remote
field
triggered
shape
morphing
bilayers
five-petal
flower-shaped
hydrogels
presented,
deformation
process
finished
300
s.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Recent
advancements
in
wearable
biosensors
and
bioelectronics
highlight
biocompatible
conducting
nanocomposite
hydrogels
as
key
components
for
personalized
health
devices
soft
electronics.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 18, 2025
Abstract
Conductive
polymers
have
become
crucial
in
advancing
various
electronic
applications.
While
p‐type
materials
like
poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene
sulfonate
(PEDOT:PSS)
are
widely
used
and
produced
at
scale,
the
development
of
high‐performance
n‐type
has
lagged
due
to
challenges
synthesis
scalability.
In
this
work,
a
novel
method
is
introduced
synthesize
highly
conductive
polymer
poly(benzodifurandione)
(PBFDO)
using
α‐tocopherylquinone
(α‐TQ)
as
catalyst.
This
approach
eliminates
need
for
post‐reaction
dialysis,
major
obstacle
large‐scale
PBFDO
production.
By
preventing
catalyst
aggregation,
high
electrical
conductivity
(>1320
S
cm
−1
)
achieved,
which
remains
stable
air
over
180
d,
significantly
simplifying
process.
The
α‐TQ‐synthesized
also
exhibits
excellent
thermoelectric
properties,
with
power
factor
exceeding
100
µW
m
K
−2
,
placing
it
among
highest‐performing
polymers.
Additionally,
residual
α‐TQ
acts
plasticizer,
reducing
elastic
modulus
by
tenfold
while
maintaining
conductivity,
making
material
suitable
mechanically
compliant
electronics.
Similarly,
lowers
thermal
more
than
an
order
magnitude.
process
scalable,
demonstrated
producing
high‐conductivity
ink
20
L
reactor.
work
presents
efficient
sustainable
ACS Macro Letters,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 458 - 463
Published: March 23, 2025
Homogeneous
catalysts
of
high
activity
and
selectivity
often
face
challenges
in
the
separation
from
feedstocks
products
after
reactions.
In
contrast,
heterogeneous
are
easier
to
separate,
usually
at
cost
compromised
catalytic
performance.
By
designing
capable
switching
between
homogeneous
states
for
catalysis
separation,
merits
both
could
be
synergistically
combined.
this
study,
a
thermoresponsive
1,2,4-triazolium-based
poly(ionic
liquid)
(PIL)
was
applied
as
temperature-switchable
organocatalyst
controlled
synthesis
porous
organic
cages
methanol.
Variation
reaction
temperature
induced
phase
transition
PIL,
causing
polymer
chains
dissolve
or
collapse
methanol,
thereby
exposing
shielding
catalytically
active
sites
proceed
retard
reaction,
respectively.
To
note,
sufficiently
low
temperature,
PIL
catalyst
precipitated
out
its
methanol
solution
separated
by
centrifugation
filtration
reuse,
similar
common
catalysts.
Such
switchable
recyclable
properties
polymeric
will
inspire
design
efficient
adaptable
hybrid
nanoreactors
liquid
media.
Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(7), P. 1614 - 1614
Published: April 2, 2025
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
(PNIPAm)
undergoes
a
sharp
phase
transition
in
aqueous
solutions
at
around
32
°C,
which
is
called
the
lower
critical
solution
temperature;
tuning
of
LCST
PNIPAm
could
be
achieved
by
copolymerization
N-isopropylacrylamide
(NIPAm)
with
other
hydrophilic/hydrophobic
monomers
to
regulate
solvation
state
and
meet
requirements
possible
applications.
Herein,
hydrophilic
monomer,
2,3-dihydroxypropyl
methacrylate
(DHPMA),
w
introduced
behavior
via
free
radical
copolymerization.
A
series
poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2,3-dihydroxypropyl
methacrylate)
(P(NIPAm-co-DHPMA))
was
synthesized
characterized.
The
reaction
kinetics
were
investigated
detail.
In
this
copolymerization,
reactivity
ratios
DHPMA
NIPAm
found
3.09
0.11,
suggesting
that
had
greater
preference
for
homopolymerization
than
while
homopolymerization.
temperature
P(NIPAm-co-DHPMA)
copolymers
varied
from
31
42
°C
controlling
content
0
58
mol%.
Finally,
good
cytocompatibility
confirmed.
These
results
provide
insights
into
designing
thermo-responsive
polymers
suitable
responsive
behaviors
different
