Gels,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(4), P. 254 - 254
Published: March 27, 2025
This
paper
comprehensively
reviews
the
latest
advances
in
hydrogel-based
continuum
soft
robots.
Hydrogels
exhibit
exceptional
flexibility
and
adaptability
compared
to
traditional
robots
reliant
on
rigid
structures,
making
them
ideal
as
biomimetic
robotic
skins
platforms
for
constructing
highly
accurate,
real-time
responsive
sensory
interfaces.
The
article
systematically
summarizes
recent
research
developments
across
several
key
dimensions,
including
application
domains,
fabrication
methods,
actuator
technologies,
sensing
mechanisms.
From
an
perspective,
span
healthcare,
manufacturing,
agriculture.
Regarding
techniques,
extensively
explores
crosslinking
additive
microfluidics,
other
related
processes.
Additionally,
categorizes
thoroughly
discusses
various
actuators
solute/solvent
variations,
pH,
chemical
reactions,
temperature,
light,
magnetic
fields,
electric
hydraulic/electro-osmotic
stimuli,
humidity.
It
also
details
strategies
designing
implementing
diverse
sensors,
strain,
pressure,
humidity,
conductive,
magnetic,
thermal,
gas,
optical,
multimodal
sensors.
Finally,
offers
in-depth
discussion
of
prospective
applications
robots,
particularly
emphasizing
their
potential
medical
industrial
fields.
Concluding
remarks
include
a
forward-looking
outlook
highlighting
future
challenges
promising
directions.
Hydrogel
strain
sensors
are
emerging
in
the
preparation
of
various
flexible
electronic
devices,
particularly
wearable
skin,
and
smart
medical
devices.
However,
with
rapid
development
electronics
industry,
traditional
hydrogel
insufficient
mechanical
properties,
limited
frost
resistance,
poor
water
retention
have
promoted
functional
design
rational
construction
become
a
topic
current
interest
for
enhancing
hydrogel-based
practical
applications
next-generation
industrialization.
Therefore,
it
is
necessary
to
understand
functionalization
strategies
summarize
latest
research
progress
maximum
performance
devices
applications.
Herein,
this
review
presents
classification
structural
characteristics
materials
sensing
mechanisms
sensors.
Then,
we
hydrogels
examine
advanced
improved
usage
functionality.
Finally,
application
scenarios
future
prospects
functionalized
discussed.
This
provides
meaningful
reference
tailored
multifunctional
industry.
Macromolecular Rapid Communications,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
44(8)
Published: Feb. 14, 2023
In
recent
years,
hydrogels
have
attracted
extensive
attention
in
smart
sensing
owing
to
their
biocompatibility
and
high
elasticity.
However,
it
is
still
a
challenge
develop
with
excellent
multiple
responsiveness
for
wearable
sensors.
this
paper,
facile
synthesis
of
carbon
quantum
dots
(CQDs)-doped
cross-linked
chitosan
quaternary/carboxymethylcellulose
(CCCDs)
presented.
Designing
dual
network
decorated
CQDs
provides
abundant
crosslinking
improves
the
mechanical
properties
hydrogels.
The
hydrogel-based
strain
sensor
exhibits
sensitivity
(gauge
factor:
9.88),
linearity
(R2
:
0.97),
stretchable
ability
(stress:
0.67
MPa;
strain:
404%),
good
cyclicity,
durability.
luminescent
are
endowed
by
further
broaden
application
realizing
flexible
electronics.
More
interestingly,
based
on
CCCDs
hydrogel
demonstrates
photo
(ΔR/R0
≈20%)
pH
(pH
range
≈4-7)
performance.
can
be
used
gesture
recognition
light
switch.
As
proof-of-concept,
designed
monitoring
human
activities
detecting
variation
sweat
during
exercise.
This
study
reveals
new
possibilities
applications
health
monitoring.
Abstract
Hydrogels
are
distinguished
by
their
exceptional
ability
to
absorb
and
retain
large
volumes
of
water
within
complex
three‐dimensional
polymer
networks,
which
is
advantageous
for
the
development
intraocular
lenses
(IOLs).
Their
innate
hydrophilicity
offers
an
optimal
substrate
fabrication
IOLs
that
simulate
natural
lens'
accommodation,
thereby
reducing
irritation
facilitating
healing
after
surgery.
The
swelling
retention
characteristics
hydrogels
contribute
notable
biocompatibility
versatile
mechanical
properties.
However,
clinical
application
faces
challenges,
including
managing
potential
adverse
postimplantation
effects.
Rigorous
research
essential
ascertain
safety
effectiveness
hydrogels.
This
review
systematically
examines
prospects
constraints
as
innovative
materials
IOLs.
Our
comprehensive
analysis
inherent
properties,
various
classification
strategies,
cross‐linking
processes,
sensitivity
external
stimuli.
Additionally,
we
thoroughly
evaluate
interactions
with
ocular
tissues,
underscoring
be
refined
into
seamless
biologically
integrated
visual
aids.
We
also
discuss
anticipated
technological
progress
uses
in
IOL
manufacturing.
With
ongoing
advancements,
promise
poised
evolve
from
concept
reality,
marking
a
significant
leap
forward
ophthalmology
characterized
improved
patient
comfort,
enhanced
functionality,
reliable
safety.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(5), P. 597 - 597
Published: Feb. 24, 2025
The
effect
of
the
presence
guar
gum
(0-0.75
wt%)
in
a
thermo-responsive
triple-network
(TN)
PVA/TA/PVA-MA-g-PNIPAAm
hydrogel
(PVA:
polyvinyl
alcohol;
MA:
methacrylate,
PNIPAAm:
poly-N-isopropyl
acryl
amide;
TA:
tannic
acid)
with
respect
to
structural,
mechanical,
and
viscoelastic
properties
was
mapped.
A
comprehensive
analysis,
using
large-amplitude
oscillatory
shear
(LAOS),
SEM
imaging,
XRD,
mechanical
analysis
revealed
that
enhances
crystallinity
(up
30%
at
0.75
wt%),
which
goes
along
strain
hardening.
achieved
superior
performance
concentration
0.5
wt%
40%
increase
shear-thickening,
an
enhanced
tolerance
nonlinear
regimes,
good
robustness
(maximum
elongation
break
500%
stress
620
kPa).
exhibited
also
thermal
response
(equilibrium
swelling
ratio
changed
from
8.4
5
°C
2.5
50
°C)
excellent
cycling
dimensional
stability.
Higher
concentrations
reduce
structural
resilience,
leading
brittle
hydrogels
lower
extensibility
Deep
eutectic
solvent
(DES)-based
conductive
hydrogels
have
attracted
great
interest
in
the
building
of
flexible
electronic
devices
that
can
be
used
to
replace
conventional
temperature-intolerant
and
expensive
ionic
liquid
gels.
However,
current
DES-based
obtained
limited
mechanical
strength,
high
hysteresis,
poor
microdeformation
sensitivity
assembled
sensors.
In
this
work,
a
rubber-like
hydrogel
based
on
N-acryloylglycinamide
(NAGA)
DES
(acetylcholine
chloride/acrylamide)
has
been
synthesized
by
one-step
method.
The
prepared
PNAGA-DES
exhibited
excellent
stability,
resilience
during
long-term
loading-unloading
cycles,
endowed
with
service
durability.
Besides,
as-prepared
also
possesses
transparency,
conductivity,
favorable
antienvironmental
disturbance,
which
enhance
designability
robustness
PNAGA-DES-based
devices.
Based
remarkable
properties,
for
wearable
pressure-strain
sensors
tiny
strain
transferring
information
(gauge
factor
(GF)
=
8.18,
0.2-2%
strain)
stability.
Furthermore,
it
sensitively
detect
large
human
motion,
showing
potential
application
interaction
electronics.
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Wearable
sweat
sensors
for
detecting
biochemical
markers
have
emerged
as
a
transformative
research
area,
with
the
potential
to
revolutionize
disease
diagnosis
and
human
health
monitoring.
Since
2016,
substantial
body
of
pioneering
translational
work
on
has
been
reported.
This
review
aims
provide
comprehensive
summary
current
state-of-the-art
in
field,
offering
insights
perspectives
future
developments.
The
focus
is
wearable
microfluidic
platforms
collection
delivery
analytical
chemistry
applicable
devices.
Various
technologies,
including
those
based
synthetic
polymers,
paper,
textiles,
hydrogels,
are
discussed
alongside
diverse
detection
methods
such
electrochemistry
colorimetry.
Both
advantages
limitations
these
technologies
critically
examined.
concludes
our
sensors,
goal
inspiring
new
ideas,
innovations,
technical
advancements
further
development
practical
application
devices
promoting
health.
