Renewed Prospects for Organic Photovoltaics

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 122(18), P. 14180 - 14274

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have progressed steadily through three stages of photoactive materials development: (i) use poly(3-hexylthiophene) and fullerene-based acceptors (FAs) for optimizing bulk heterojunctions; (ii) development new donors to better match with FAs; (iii) non-fullerene (NFAs). The application NFAs an A–D–A configuration (where A = acceptor D donor) has enabled devices efficient charge generation small energy losses (Eloss < 0.6 eV), resulting in substantially higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than FA-based devices. discovery Y6-type (Y6 2,2′-((2Z,2′Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-e]-thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno-[2′,3′:4,5]pyrrolo-[3,2-g]thieno-[2′,3′:4,5]thieno-[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-difluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile) A–DA′ D–A further propelled the PCEs go beyond 15% due smaller Eloss values (∼0.5 eV) external quantum efficiencies. Subsequently, Y6-series single-junction increased >19% may soon approach 20%. This review provides update recent progress OPV following aspects: developments novel donors, understanding structure–property relationships underlying mechanisms state-of-the-art OPVs, tasks underpinning commercialization such as device stability, module development, potential applications, high-throughput manufacturing. Finally, outlook prospects section summarizes remaining challenges technology.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in PM6:Y6-based organic solar cells

Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(8), P. 3257 - 3280

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

This review provides a detailed overview of PM6:Y6-based organic solar cells (OSCs), including the underlying mechanisms, terpolymers derived from PM6, ternary or quaternary OSCs, interfacial engineering and electrode progress.

Language: Английский

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Random Terpolymer Enabling High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Processed by Nonhalogenated Solvent with a Low Nonradiative Energy Loss

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(34)

Published: June 15, 2022

Abstract Three terpolymer donors (PL1, PL2, and PL3) employing repeating units of two popular photovoltaic polymers PM6 D18 are synthesized by random copolymerization. The terpolymers can reduce the regio‐regularity polymer backbones endow them with much‐enhanced solubility in nonhalogenated solvents such as o ‐xylene. Furthermore, along appearance temperature‐dependent aggregation behavior, indicating adaptability for fabricating organic solar cells (OSCs) eco‐friendly solvent processing. Among them, PL1‐based OSCs display higher more balanced hole electron mobilities, longer charge separation exciton lifetime, better dissociation collection capabilities than parent (PM6 D18) based ones. A power conversion efficiency 18.14% a very low energy loss is achieved on PL1, which much that (15.16%) (16.18%). result provides an effective way to realize high‐performance processing donor materials.

Language: Английский

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Recent Developments of Polymer Solar Cells with Photovoltaic Performance over 17%

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(14)

Published: Jan. 22, 2023

Abstract With the emergence of ADA'DA‐type (Y‐series) non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) organic photovoltaic devices have been constantly refreshed and gradually reached 20% in recent years (19% for single junction tandem device). The possess specific design concept, which greatly enrich NFA types excellent compatibility with many donor materials. It is gratifying to note that previously underperforming materials combine these regulated shine again. Nowadays, concept modular widely used research donors, injecting new vitality into field photovoltaics. Furthermore, also promote multicomponent devices, bilayer processing solvent engineering, additive engineering. Herein, latest progresses polymer solar cells efficiency over 17% are briefly reviewed from aspects active material design, interface development, device technology. At last, opportunities challenges commercialization future discussed.

Language: Английский

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A Random Terpolymer Donor with Similar Monomers Enables 18.28% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells with Well Polymer Batch Reproducibility

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(9), P. 3045 - 3057

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Herein, by using two fluorinated and chlorinated monomers with similar structures in different molar ratios dithieno[3′,2′:3,4;2″,3″:5,6]benzo[1,2-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT) as the third unit, a family of polymer donors D18, D18–20%Cl, D18–40%Cl, D18–Cl are synthesized for OSCs. With appropriate monomer proportion, terpolymer D18–20%Cl exhibits proper HOMO energy level higher packing density compared that other control polymers. Moreover, D18–20%Cl:Y6 blend films have favorable morphology better face-on crystallization charge transport. Consequently, D18–20%Cl:Y6-based OSCs obtain top-ranked PCE 18.28% overall improved device parameters to controlled D18:Y6 or D18-Cl:Y6-based (17.50% 17.02%), which represents highest reported terpolymer-based binary Notably, exhibit over 17% efficiency wide molecular weight range. These results demonstrate ternary copolymerization DTBT moieties is an efficient approach achieving well batch-to-batch reproducibility.

Language: Английский

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Terpolymerization and Regioisomerization Strategy to Construct Efficient Terpolymer Donors Enabling High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(30)

Published: April 19, 2023

Terpolymerization and regioisomerization strategies are combined to develop novel polymer donors overcome the difficulty of improving organic solar cells (OSCs) performance. Two isomeric units, bis(2-hexyldecyl)-2,5-bis(4-chlorothiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-3,6-dicarboxylate (TTO) bis(2-hexyldecyl) 2,5-bis(3-chlorothiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene-3,6-dicarboxylate (TTI), obtained incorporated into PM6 backbone via random copolymerization form a series terpolymers. Interestingly, it is found that different chlorine (Cl) substituent positions can significantly change molecular planarity electrostatic potential (ESP) owing steric hindrance effect heavy Cl atom, which leads aggregation behaviors miscibility between donor acceptor. The TTO unit features higher number multiple S···O non-covalent interactions, more positive ESP, fewer isomer structures than TTI. As result, terpolymer PM6-TTO-10 exhibits much better coplanarity, stronger crystallinity, obvious behavior, proper phase separation in blend film, conducive efficient exciton dissociation charge transfer. Consequently, PM6-TTO-10:BTP-eC9-based OSCs achieve champion power conversion efficiency 18.37% with an outstanding fill factor 79.97%, among highest values reported for terpolymer-based OSCs. This work demonstrates terpolymerization approach achieving high-performance donors.

Language: Английский

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High‐Performance Photoactive Polymers: Innovations in Ternary Polymerization for Solar Applications

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Abstract In recent years, polymer solar cells (PSCs) have achieved rapid progress, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) reaching up to 20.25%, driven by significant advancements in device fabrication and active‐layer materials. The ternary polymerization strategy has proven be a straightforward effective approach for developing high‐performance photoelectric polymers incorporating third monomer into the backbone. This incorporation effectively optimizes intrinsic properties, including UV–vis absorption, energy levels, solubility, crystallinity, morphology, charge transfer, mechanical robustness, batch‐to‐batch reproducibility, stability. review highlights latest designing photoactive copolymers (both donors acceptors), particular focus on stability, potential applications commercial development. aim is provide valuable guidance development of materials using strategy.

Language: Английский

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A Chlorinated Donor Polymer Achieving High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells with a Wide Range of Polymer Molecular Weight

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(33)

Published: June 16, 2021

Abstract In the field of non‐fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs), compared to rapid development acceptors, progress high‐performance donor polymers is relatively slow. The property and performance in OSCs are often sensitive molecular weight polymers. this study, a chlorinated polymer named D18‐Cl reported, which can achieve high with wide range weight. devices based on show higher open‐circuit voltage ( V OC ) due slightly deeper energy levels an outstanding short‐circuit current density J SC owing appropriate long periods blend films less ([6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester) (PC 71 BM) mixed domains, leading efficiency 17.97% than those D18‐based (17.21%). Meanwhile, efficiencies (17.30–17.97%) when its number‐averaged M n ranged from 45 72 kDa. contrast, only exhibit narrow ≈70 Such make promising for scale‐up low‐cost production.

Language: Английский

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A donor polymer based on 3-cyanothiophene with superior batch-to-batch reproducibility for high-efficiency organic solar cells

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 5530 - 5540

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

A donor polymer based on 3-cyanothiophene, a structurally simple unit, is synthesized for organic solar cells, which exhibited prominent power conversion efficiency and excellent batch-to-batch reproducibility in wide molecular weight range.

Language: Английский

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The Renaissance of Oligothiophene‐Based Donor–Acceptor Polymers in Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15)

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

Abstract The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have increased rapidly owing to the development non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). However, polymer donors lags behind significantly. Currently, are dominated by a handful thiophene‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene (BDTT) polymers, which suffer from lengthy synthesis and high production cost. Compared with BDTT‐based oligothiophene‐based donor‐acceptor polymers feature much easier synthesis, were prevailing in fullerene‐based OSCs, but almost disappeared OSCs. Herein, two (PTTz‐3HD PTTz‐4HD) reported re‐evaluate this kind Benefiting exquisite alkyl chain design, PTTz‐3HD exhibits more planar conformation, stronger aggregation, higher crystallinity, turn contributes formation an optimal active layer morphology when blended NFA. As result, PCE 16.1% 16.7% is achieved binary ternary respectively. Of particular note, product short‐circuit current density fill factor fully comparable those polymers. These results suggest renaissance OSCs demonstrate promising avenue access high‐efficiency low‐cost materials.

Language: Английский

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