Tough Ionogels: Synthesis, Toughening Mechanisms, and Mechanical Properties─A Perspective

JACS Au, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(12), P. 2645 - 2657

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Polymeric ionogels are polymer networks swollen with ionic liquids (i.e., salts low melting points). Ionogels interesting due to their unique features such as nonvolatility, high thermal and electrochemical stability, excellent conductivity, nonflammability. These properties enable applications unconventional electronics, energy storage devices batteries supercapacitors), sensors actuators. However, the poor mechanical performance of (e.g., fracture strength < 1 MPa, modulus 0.1 toughness 1000 J m-2) have limited use, thus motivating need for tough ionogels. This Perspective summarizes recent advances toward by highlighting synthetic methods toughening mechanisms. Opportunities promising also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Environmentally Adaptive Polymer Hydrogels: Maintaining Wet‐Soft Features in Extreme Conditions

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(41)

Published: June 13, 2023

Abstract Hydrogels have been widely explored to adapt different application circumstances. As typical wet‐soft materials, the high‐water content of hydrogels is beneficial their wide biomedical applications. Moreover, displaying considerable potential in some high‐tech areas, like brain‐computer interface, intelligent actuator, flexible sensor, etc. However, traditional hydrogel susceptive freezing below zero, dehydration, performance swelling‐induced deformation, and suffers from mechanical damage extremely environments, which result loss peculiarities (e.g., flexibility, structure integrity, transparency), greatly limiting Therefore, reducing point, improving dehydration/solution resistance, designing adaptability are effective strategies endow with extreme environmental adaptability, thus broadening fields. This review systematically summarizes research advances environmentally adaptive (EAHs), comprising anti‐freezing, dehydration‐resistant, acid/base/swelling deformation‐resistant, environment (MEAHs). Firstly, fabrication methods presented, including deep eutectic solvent/ionic liquid substituent, addition salts, organogel, polymer network modification, double (DN) complex/nanocomposite strategy, Meanwhile, features approaches overviewed. The mechanisms, properties, applications wound dressing, sensor) EAHs demonstrated. Finally, issues future perspectives for EAHs’ researches

Language: Английский

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Bioinspired Ultra‐Robust Ionogels Constructed with Soft‐Rigid Confinement Space for Multimodal Monitoring Electronics

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(6)

Published: Oct. 22, 2023

Abstract Ionogels are compelling materials for flexible hybrid electronics owing to their attractive physical properties and infinite adjustability of chemical structures. However, ionogels must be sufficiently strong ensure durability, stability, a wide range strains in various applications make electronic systems mechanically compliant. Inspired by the hierarchical structure multiphase substances skin, it is fabricated several transparent (>90%) ultra‐robust (tensile strength >17 MPa, toughness >40 MJ m −3 , elongation ≈300%) via situ polymerization polymers with different binding abilities ionic liquid forming soft rigid confinement space. This strategy can also applied other liquids polymers. Furthermore, designed ionogel sensors used develop wearable intelligent health monitoring system capable health‐related physiological signals, such as temperature, body tremors, wrist pulse, breathing, gestures, predicting responding emergencies, which will pave way security technology.

Language: Английский

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A Semi‐Interpenetrating Poly(Ionic Liquid) Network‐Driven Low Hysteresis and Transparent Hydrogel as a Self‐Powered Multifunctional Sensor

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(32)

Published: May 6, 2024

Abstract Conductive hydrogels are gaining significant attention as promising candidates for the fabrication materials flexible electronics. Nevertheless, improving tensile properties, hysteresis, durability, adhesion, and electrochemical properties of these remains challenging. This work reports development a novel semi‐interpenetrating network poly(ionic liquid) hydrogel named PATV, via in situ polymerization acrylamide, N ‐[Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The density functional theory calculations reveal that acts physical cross–linking points to construct hydrogen‐bond networks. Furthermore, networks dissipate energy efficiently quickly, thus stress concentration hysteresis avoided. prepared has low (9%), high (900%), fast response (180 ms), sensitivity (gauge factor = 10.4, pressure 0.14 kPa −1 ), wide sensing range (tensile range: 1–600%, compression 0.1–20 kPa). A multifunctional sensor designed based on enables real‐time, rapid, stable response‐ability detection human movement, facial expression recognition, pronunciation, pulse, handwriting, Morse code encryption. assembled triboelectric nanogenerator displays an excellent harvesting capability, highlighting its potential application self‐powered wearable electronic devices.

Language: Английский

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A supramolecular gel-elastomer system for soft iontronic adhesives

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: April 8, 2023

Electroadhesion provides a promising route to augment robotic functionalities with continuous, astrictive, and reversible adhesion force. However, the lack of suitable conductive/dielectric materials processing capabilities have impeded integration electroadhesive modules into soft robots requiring both mechanical compliance robustness. We present herein an iontronic adhesive based on dynamically crosslinked gel-elastomer system, including ionic organohydrogel as electrodes resilient polyurethane high electrostatic energy density dielectric layers. Through supramolecular design synthesis, dual-material system exhibits cohesive heterolayer bonding autonomous self-healing from damages. Iontronic grippers that seamlessly integrate actuation, prehension, exteroceptive sensation are devised via additive manufacturing. The can capture deformable items, bear payload under reduced voltage input, rapidly release foreign objects in contrast electroadhesives. Our mechanisms pave way for future advancement adhesive-enhanced multifunctional devices.

Language: Английский

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