Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 5211 - 5295

Published: March 9, 2023

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and improve quality of life in the era digitalization big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible are developed overcome limitations conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement bench-side research over last decade, market adoption remains limited. To ease expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering maturation propose promising solutions. We first analyze achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications then summarize issues compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions powering connecting sensor networks. Issues en route commercialization sustainable growth sector also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns emphasizing nontechnical such as business, regulatory, ethical considerations. Additionally, look at future intelligent sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, hope steer efforts towards common goals guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner capitalized betterment humanity.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in conductive hydrogels: classifications, properties, and applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 473 - 509

Published: Dec. 9, 2022

Hydrogel-based conductive materials for smart wearable devices have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent flexibility, versatility, and outstanding biocompatibility. This review presents the recent advances in multifunctional hydrogels electronic devices. First, with different components are discussed, including pure single network based on polymers, additional additives (i.e., nanoparticles, nanowires, nanosheets), double additives. Second, a variety of functionalities, self-healing, super toughness, self-growing, adhesive, anti-swelling, antibacterial, structural color, hydrophobic, anti-freezing, shape memory external stimulus responsiveness introduced detail. Third, applications flexible illustrated strain sensors, supercapacitors, touch panels, triboelectric nanogenerator, bioelectronic devices, robot). Next, current challenges facing summarized. Finally, an imaginative but reasonable outlook is given, which aims drive further development future.

Language: Английский

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Super Stretchable, Self‐Healing, Adhesive Ionic Conductive Hydrogels Based on Tailor‐Made Ionic Liquid for High‐Performance Strain Sensors

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(33)

Published: June 8, 2022

Abstract Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) integrate the performance and soft nature of tissue‐like materials to imitate features human skin with mechanical sensory traits; thus, they are considered promising substitutes for conventional rigid metallic conductors when fabricating human‐motion sensors. However, simultaneous incorporation excellent stretchability, toughness, ionic conductivity, self‐healing, adhesion via a simple method remains grand challenge. Herein, novel ICH platform is proposed by designing phenylboronic acid‐ionic liquid (PBA‐IL) multiple roles that simultaneously realize highly mechanical, electrical, versatile properties. This elaborately designed semi‐interpenetrating network fabricated facile one‐step approach introducing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) into PBA‐IL/acrylamide cross‐linked network. Ingeniously, dynamic boronic ester bonds physical interactions (hydrogen electrostatic interactions) endow these remarkable stretchability (1810 ± 38%), toughness (2.65 0.03 MJ m −3 ), self‐healing property (92 2% efficiency), adhesiveness, transparency. Moreover, construction this material shows CNFs can synergistically enhance conductivity. The wide working strain range (≈1000%) high sensitivity (GF = 8.36) make candidate constructing next generation gel‐based sensor platforms.

Language: Английский

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Hydro/Organo/Ionogels: “Controllable” Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(43)

Published: Sept. 6, 2022

Demand for electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers continues to increase with technological advances in wearable electronics and military applications. In this study, a new strategy overcome the drawbacks of current by employing co-contribution functional polymer frameworks liquids strong EMW absorption properties is proposed. Strongly polar water, dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixtures, highly conductive 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate ([EMI][ES]) are immobilized dielectrically inert networks form different classes gels (hydrogels, organogels, ionogels). These demonstrate high correlation between their dielectric polarity/ionic conductivity/non-covalent interaction liquids. Thus, performances can be precisely tuned over wide range due diversity stability The prepared hydrogels show good shielding performance (shielding efficiency > 20 dB) constants, while organogels moderate attenuation ability impedance matching achieve full-wave X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) at 2.5 ± 0.5 mm. ionogels also offer effective bandwidth (10.79-16.38 GHz 2.2 mm) via prominent ionic conduction loss. short, work provides conceptually novel platform develop high-efficient, customizable, low-cost absorbers.

Language: Английский

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Recyclable, Healable, and Tough Ionogels Insensitive to Crack Propagation

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(28)

Published: May 6, 2022

Most gels and elastomers introduce sacrificial bonds in the covalent network to dissipate energy. However, long-term cyclic loading caused irreversible fatigue damage crack propagation cannot be prevented. Furthermore, because of crosslinked networks, it is a huge challenge implement reversible mechanical interlocking reorganize polymer segments realize recycling reuse ionogels. Here, crosslinking host materials replaced with entanglement. The entangled microdomains are used as physical while introducing bond interactions. interpenetrating, entangled, elastic linear covalent-network microspheres provide stability, eliminate stress concentration at tip under load, achieve unprecedented tear resistance ionogels any load direction. Moreover, entanglements noncovalent interactions can disentangled recombined regeneration, recyclability realized.

Language: Английский

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Self-adhesive, self-healing, biocompatible and conductive polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels for reliable strain and pressure sensors

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 109, P. 108324 - 108324

Published: March 2, 2023

Language: Английский

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Self-Healing, Wet-Adhesion silk fibroin conductive hydrogel as a wearable strain sensor for underwater applications

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 446, P. 136931 - 136931

Published: May 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Rapid Gelation of Tough and Anti‐Swelling Hydrogels under Mild Conditions for Underwater Communication

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(1)

Published: Nov. 4, 2022

Abstract Swelling is ubiquitous for conventional hydrogels but not favorable many situations, especially underwater applications. In this study, an anti‐swelling and mechanically robust polyacrylic acid (PAAc)/gelatin composite hydrogel reported with a rapid gelation process (10 1 s) under mild conditions via the synergy of MXene‐activated initiation zirconium ion (Zr 4+ )‐induced cross‐linking, without requirement external energy input. The MXene found efficient to activate chain initiation, while Zr prone indispensable facilitating cross‐linking formed polymer chains. resulting exhibits integration exceptional properties high mechanical performance at room temperature, thanks dense hydrogen bonds between PAAc gelatin chains that enable upper critical solution temperature above temperature. Also, desirable electrical conductivity emerges in due simultaneous contribution , allowing stable signal output gel upon deformation underwater. As demonstration, communicator by harnessing as sensing module assembled, which capable wirelessly delivering messages decoder on ground Morse codes. This study provides exemplary way tough durable

Language: Английский

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Ultrafast Fabrication of Lignin-Encapsulated Silica Nanoparticles Reinforced Conductive Hydrogels with High Elasticity and Self-Adhesion for Strain Sensors

Chemistry of Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 5258 - 5272

Published: June 2, 2022

Conductive hydrogels are receiving considerable attention because of their important applications, such as flexible wearable electronic, human-machine interfaces, and smart/soft robotics. However, the insufficient mechanical performance inferior adhesive capability severely hinder potential applications in an emerging field. Herein, a highly elastic conductive hydrogel that integrated robustness, self-adhesiveness, UV-filtering, stable electrical was achieved by synergistic effect sulfonated lignin-coated silica nanoparticles (LSNs), polyacrylamide (PAM) chains, ferric ions (Fe3+). In detail, dynamic redox reaction constructed between catechol groups LSNs Fe3+, which could promote rapid gelation acrylamide (AM) monomers 60 s. The optimized containing 1.5 wt % junction points exhibited excellent elasticity (<15% hysteresis ratio), high stretchability (∼1100% elongation), improved robustness (tensile compressive strength ∼180 kPa ∼480 kPa). Notably, abundant endowed with long-lasting robust self-adhesion, enabling seamless adhesion to human skin. Meanwhile, also provided exceptional UV-blocking (∼95.1%) for hydrogels. combined advantages were manifested sensors high-fidelity detection various deformations over wide range strain (10–200%) good repeatability stability. We believed designed may become promising candidate material future electronics long-term movements monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Ionogels: recent advances in design, material properties and emerging biomedical applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(7), P. 2497 - 2527

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review describes the most recent developments in materials design and advanced features of ionogels, as well their emerging biomedical applications.

Language: Английский

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