Photocontrolled RAFT polymerization: past, present, and future

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(9), P. 3035 - 3097

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

In this review, we provide a brief history, progress, and applications, discuss the remaining challenges of photocontrolled reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (i.e., photoinduced electron/energy transfer-RAFT (PET-RAFT), photoiniferter, photomediated cationic RAFT polymerization). Among these, visible-light-driven has attracted particular attention in recent years due to its benefits, including low energy consumption safe reaction procedure. Moreover, incorporation visible-light photocatalysis conferred attractive features, such as spatiotemporal control oxygen tolerance; however, clear understanding mechanism not been completely provided. We also present research efforts elucidate mechanisms with aid quantum chemical calculations combined experimental evidence. This review offers an insight into better design systems for desired applications helps realize full potential both academic- industrial-scale applications.

Language: Английский

---

Recent Trends in Advanced Photoinitiators for Vat Photopolymerization 3D Printing

Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 43(14)

Published: May 17, 2022

3D printing has revolutionized the way of manufacturing with a huge impact on various fields, in particular biomedicine. Vat photopolymerization-based techniques such as stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) attract considerable attention owing to their superior print resolution, relatively high speed, low cost, flexibility resin material design. As one key element SLA/DLP resin, photoinitiators or photoinitiating systems have experienced significant development recent years, parallel exploration (macro)monomers. The design new cannot only offer faster speed enable low-energy visible fabrication, but also can bring functions printed products even generate methods combination advanced optics. This review evaluates trends application for vat photopolymerization printing, wide range small molecules, polymers, nanoassemblies involved. Personal perspectives current limitations future directions are eventually provided.

Language: Английский

---

Nano- to macro-scale control of 3D printed materials via polymerization induced microphase separation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: June 22, 2022

Although 3D printing allows the macroscopic structure of objects to be easily controlled, controlling nanostructure printed materials has rarely been reported. Herein, we report an efficient and versatile process for fabricating with controlled nanoscale structural features. This approach uses resins containing macromolecular chain transfer agents (macroCTAs) which microphase separate during photoinduced form nanostructured materials. By varying length macroCTA, demonstrate a high level control over separation behavior, resulting in controllable sizes morphologies. Importantly, bulk mechanical properties are correlated their morphologies; transitioning from discrete globular interpenetrating domains results marked improvement performance, is ascribed increased interfacial interaction between soft hard domains. Overall, findings this work enable simplified production tightly nanostructures broad potential applications.

Language: Английский

---

Ultrafast Visible-Light-Induced ATRP in Aqueous Media with Carbon Quantum Dots as the Catalyst and Its Application for 3D Printing

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 144(22), P. 9817 - 9826

Published: May 26, 2022

Photoinduced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been proved to be a versatile technique for polymer network formation. However, the slow rates of typical ATRP limited its application in field additive manufacturing (3D printing). In this work, we introduced carbon quantum dots (CQDs) first time aqueous media and developed an ultrafast visible-light-induced system. After optimization, could achieve high monomer conversion (>90%) within 1 min, polydispersity index (PDI) was lower than 1.25. This system then applied as example 3D printing hydrogel through digital light processing (DLP), printed object exhibited good dimensional accuracy. Additionally, excellent stable optical properties CQDs also provided interesting photoluminescence capabilities objects. We deduce mediated process would provide new platform preparation functional stimuli-responsive materials.

Language: Английский

---

Advanced supramolecular design for direct ink writing of soft materials

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(5), P. 1614 - 1649

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review draws connections between top-down direct-ink-writing and bottom-up supramolecular designs. Examples of supramolecularly designed viscoelastic inks perspectives using motifs for 3D printing have been discussed.

Language: Английский

---

3D Printing Nanostructured Solid Polymer Electrolytes with High Modulus and Conductivity

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(42)

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

The development of advanced solid-state energy-storage devices is contingent upon finding new ways to produce and manufacture scalable, high-modulus electrolytes that can simultaneously provide high ionic conductivity robust mechanical integrity. In this work, an efficient one-step process solid polymer composed nanoscale ion-conducting channels embedded in a rigid crosslinked matrix via Digital Light Processing 3D printing reported. A visible-light-mediated polymerization-induced microphase-separation approach utilized, which produces materials with two chemically independent domains highly tunable nanoarchitectures. By producing containing poly(ethylene oxide) domain swelled liquid, outstanding room-temperature (22 °C) shear modulus (G' > 108 Pa) conductivities up σ = 3 × 10-4 S cm-1 are achieved. nanostructured 3D-printed fabricated into custom geometry employed symmetric carbon supercapacitor, demonstrating the scalability fabrication functionality electrolyte. Critically, these high-performance manufactured on demand using inexpensive commercially available printers, allows facile modular design geometries.

Language: Английский

---

The Emergence of Reversible–Deactivation Radical Polymerization in 3D Printing

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(5)

Published: Sept. 18, 2022

Abstract The majority of materials 3D printed using vat photopolymerization techniques are prepared by uncontrolled polymerization methods and cannot be easily modified to introduce additional functionality; these can considered as effectively “dead” materials. Fortunately, a suite photocontrolled reversible–deactivation radical (photoRDRP) is recently implemented in printing. In addition their fast rate oxygen tolerance, the high livingness imparted photoRDRP beginning disrupt field printing providing access with advanced properties, including on‐demand editing surface bulk self‐healing, control over nanostructuration mechanical properties. This mini‐review analyzes development photoinduced an emphasis on highly tailorable possible through techniques.

Language: Английский

---

Xanthate-Based Photoiniferter RAFT Polymerization toward Oxygen-Tolerant and Rapid Living 3D Printing

Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(5), P. 1620 - 1628

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) printing based on photoinduced reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization is emerging as a versatile and powerful method to prepare "living" 3D objects, which can be postmodified with various functionalities. However, an additional photoinitiator or photocatalyst necessary in these systems, toxic will cause negative effects the properties of prepared materials. Here, we report oxygen-tolerant rapid living photoiniferter RAFT polymerization, does not need photoinitiators photocatalysts. A xanthate, O-ethyl-S-2-ethyl propionate, was chosen both agent this process. Various monomers agents were screened system. Materials different utilizing postfunctionalization printed objects. Furthermore, polymer welding proposed by painting fresh between two objects for post-photocuring. This polymerization-based also successfully applied commercial digital light processing technique-based printer, offering facile fabricate materials shapes.

Language: Английский

---

Emerging trends in development and application of 3D printed nanocomposite polymers for sustainable environmental solutions

European Polymer Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 196, P. 112298 - 112298

Published: July 13, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Polymerization Induced Microphase Separation for the Fabrication of Nanostructured Materials

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(44)

Published: July 11, 2023

Polymerization induced microphase separation (PIMS) is a strategy used to develop unique nanostructures with highly useful morphologies through the of emergent block copolymers during polymerization. In this process, are formed at least two chemically independent domains, where one domain composed robust crosslinked polymer. Crucially, synthetically simple method readily nanostructured materials coveted co-continuous morphology, which can also be converted into mesoporous by selective etching domain. As PIMS exploits copolymer mechanism, size each tightly controlled modifying precursors, thus providing unparalleled control over nanostructure and resultant mesopore sizes. Since its inception 11 years ago, has been vast inventory advanced for an extensive range applications including biomedical devices, ion exchange membranes, lithium-ion batteries, catalysis, 3D printing, fluorescence-based sensors, among many others. review, we provide comprehensive overview summarize latest developments in chemistry, discuss utility wide variety relevant applications.

Language: Английский

---