Technology Roadmap for Flexible Sensors

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(6), P. 5211 - 5295

Published: March 9, 2023

Humans rely increasingly on sensors to address grand challenges and improve quality of life in the era digitalization big data. For ubiquitous sensing, flexible are developed overcome limitations conventional rigid counterparts. Despite rapid advancement bench-side research over last decade, market adoption remains limited. To ease expedite their deployment, here, we identify bottlenecks hindering maturation propose promising solutions. We first analyze achieving satisfactory sensing performance for real-world applications then summarize issues compatible sensor-biology interfaces, followed by brief discussions powering connecting sensor networks. Issues en route commercialization sustainable growth sector also analyzed, highlighting environmental concerns emphasizing nontechnical such as business, regulatory, ethical considerations. Additionally, look at future intelligent sensors. In proposing a comprehensive roadmap, hope steer efforts towards common goals guide coordinated development strategies from disparate communities. Through collaborative efforts, scientific breakthroughs can be made sooner capitalized betterment humanity.

Language: Английский

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Mechanical Intelligent Energy Harvesting: From Methodology to Applications

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(29)

Published: June 19, 2023

Abstract The Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) connects everything with intelligence, while the increase in energy consumption generated by numerous electronic devices puts forward an impending demand on power supply. Energy harvesting technology has emerged as a compelling innovation for net zero emissions supply AIoT. Although significant advances have been witnessed harvesting, some issues such poor electrical output, weak environmental adaptability, and low reliability are difficult to satisfactorily resolve. Mechanical intelligent can be defined system identifying external excitation or its own state reacting it, rather than relying sensing elements central controller certain adaptive programmed functions. functions exhibit great potential solving above‐mentioned that seriously restrict development technology. Here, generalized definition mechanical is given critically design methodology elaborated. typical reported systems characteristics intelligence reviewed. key research directions discussed. expected revolutionize energy‐harvesting pave way applications.

Language: Английский

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Advances in flexible sensors for intelligent perception system enhanced by artificial intelligence

InfoMat, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(5)

Published: March 23, 2023

Abstract Intelligent perception means that with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI)‐motivated brain, flexible sensors achieve ability memory, learning, judgment, and reasoning about external information like human brain. Due to superiority machine learning (ML) algorithms in data processing intelligent recognition, systems possess match or even surpass systems. However, built‐in these need work on dynamic irregular surfaces, inevitably affecting precision fidelity acquired data. In recent years, strategy introducing developed functional materials innovative structures into has made some progress toward above challenges, blessing ML algorithms, accurate various scenarios have been achieved. Here, most representative for constructing are comprehensively reviewed, research based is further summarized, intersection two expected unlock new opportunities next‐stage AI development. image

Language: Английский

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Mechanically-Guided 3D Assembly for Architected Flexible Electronics

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(18), P. 11137 - 11189

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Architected flexible electronic devices with rationally designed 3D geometries have found essential applications in biology, medicine, therapeutics, sensing/imaging, energy, robotics, and daily healthcare. Mechanically-guided assembly methods, exploiting mechanics principles of materials structures to transform planar fabricated using mature semiconductor techniques into architected ones, are promising routes such devices. Here, we comprehensively review mechanically-guided methods for electronics. Mainstream classified discussed on the basis their fundamental deformation modes (i.e., rolling, folding, curving, buckling). Diverse interconnects device forms then summarized, which correspond two key components an device. Afterward, structure-induced functionalities highlighted provide guidelines function-driven structural designs electronics, followed by a collective summary resulting applications. Finally, conclusions outlooks given, covering achieve extreme deformations dimensions, inverse design encapsulation strategies as well perspectives future

Language: Английский

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Response Regulation for Epidermal Fabric Strain Sensors via Mechanical Strategy

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(31)

Published: April 25, 2023

Abstract Advances in fabric strain sensors have established a route to comfortable‐to‐wear flexible electronics with particularly remarkable permeability and low modulus due their porous microstructure. A key challenge that remains unsolved is regulate the sensor response via on‐demand design for variety of application scenarios sufficiently exploit highest possible sensitivity. While recent reports described options varying material orientation overall fiber mat, development approaches where multiple different responses can be integrated on single substrate without affecting macroscopic mechanical properties an area continued interest. Herein, simple strategy reported, which plates patterned functional mat at pre‐stretched state prescribed direction, control direction prestrain forms either or strain‐insensitive interconnects. systematic study has revealed underlying mechanism this strategy, serve as guideline fabrication sensors. Demonstration applications motion monitoring bandages gesture recognition gloves illustrate capabilities epidermal sensing devices.

Language: Английский

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Highly Stretchable and Strain‐Insensitive Liquid Metal based Elastic Kirigami Electrodes (LM‐eKE)

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(30)

Published: April 28, 2023

Abstract Kirigami, a traditional paper‐cutting art, is promising method for creating mechanically robust circuitry unconventional devices capable of extreme stretchability through structural deformation. In this study, design approach expanded upon by introducing Liquid Metal based Elastic Kirigami Electrodes (LM‐eKE) in which kirigami‐patterned soft elastomers are coated with eutectic gallium‐indium (EGaIn) alloy. Overcoming the mechanical and electrical limitations previous efforts paper‐like kirigami, all LM‐eKE can be stretched to 820% strain while resistance only increases 33%. This enabled fluidic properties EGaIn coating, maintains high conductivity even as elastic substrate undergoes Applying human knee joints fingers, change during physical activities under 1.7%, thereby allowing stable operation wearable health monitoring tracking electroencephalogram (EEG) signals other physiological activity.

Language: Английский

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Flexible Metasurfaces for Multifunctional Interfaces

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 2685 - 2707

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Optical metasurfaces, capable of manipulating the properties light with a thickness at subwavelength scale, have been subject extensive investigation in recent decades. This research has mainly driven by their potential to overcome limitations traditional, bulky optical devices. However, most existing metasurfaces are confined planar and rigid designs, functions, technologies, which greatly impede evolution toward practical applications that often involve complex surfaces. The disconnect between two-dimensional (2D) structures three-dimensional (3D) curved surfaces is becoming increasingly pronounced. In past two decades, emergence flexible electronics ushered an emerging era for metasurfaces. review delves into this cutting-edge field, focus on both conformal design fabrication techniques. Initially, we reflect milestones trajectories modern complemented brief overview theoretical underpinnings primary classifications. We then showcase four advanced emphasizing promising prospects relevance areas such as imaging, biosensing, cloaking, multifunctionality. Subsequently, explore three key trends including mechanically reconfigurable digitally controlled Finally, summarize our insights ongoing challenges opportunities field.

Language: Английский

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Conformability of flexible sheets on spherical surfaces

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(16)

Published: April 19, 2023

Three-dimensional surface-conformable electronics is a burgeoning technology with potential applications in curved displays, bioelectronics, and biomimetics. Flexible are notoriously difficult to fully conform nondevelopable surfaces such as spheres. Although stretchable can well surfaces, they need sacrifice pixel density for stretchability. Various empirical designs have been explored improve the conformability of flexible on spherical surfaces. However, no rational design guidelines exist. This study uses combination experimental, analytical, numerical approaches systematically investigate both intact partially cut circular sheets Through analysis thin film buckling we identify scaling law that predicts We also quantify effects radial slits enhancing provide practical guideline using these from 40% more than 90%.

Language: Английский

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Lignin‐Derived Lightweight Carbon Aerogels for Tunable Epsilon‐Negative Response

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(26)

Published: May 7, 2024

Abstract Electromagnetic (EM) metamaterials have garnered considerable attention due to their capacity achieve negative parameters, significantly influencing the integration of natural materials with artificially structural media. The emergence carbon aerogels (CAs) offers an opportunity create lightweight EM metamaterials, notable for promising shielding or absorption effects. This paper introduces efficient, low‐cost method fabricating CAs without requiring stringent drying conditions. By finely tuning ZnCl 2 /lignin ratio, porosity is controlled in CAs. control leads epsilon‐negative response radio‐frequency region, driven by intrinsic plasmonic state 3D network, as opposed traditional periodic building blocks. approach yields a tunable and weakly response, reaching order magnitude −10 3 under MHz frequencies. Equivalent circuit analysis highlights inductive characteristics CAs, correlating significant dielectric loss at low Additionally, simulations are performed evaluate distribution electric field vector showcasing potential effective shielding. lignin‐derived, hold promise pioneering new directions broadening application diverse extreme

Language: Английский

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Reconfigurable flexible metasurfaces: from fundamentals towards biomedical applications

PhotoniX, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

Abstract Metamaterials and metasurfaces of artificial micro-/nano- structures functioning from microwave, terahertz, to infrared regime have enabled numerous applications bioimaging, cancer detection immunoassay on-body health monitoring systems in the past few decades. Recently, trend turning metasurface devices flexible stretchable has arisen that flexibility stretchability not only makes device more biocompatible wearable, but also provides unique control manipulation structural geometrical reconfiguration a creative manner, resulting an extraordinary tunability for biomedical sensing purposes. In this Review, we summarize recent advances design fabrication techniques reconfigurable their date thereof, put forward perspective future development metamaterials metasurfaces.

Language: Английский

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