International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 3175 - 3199
Published: March 1, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
participate
in
intercellular
communication
and
play
an
essential
role
physiological
pathological
processes.
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
garnered
significant
attention
as
cell-free
therapeutic
alternatives,
vectors
for
drug
gene
delivery,
biomarkers
disease
diagnosis
prognosis,
vaccine
development,
nutraceuticals.
The
biodistribution
of
critically
influences
their
efficacy
toxicity.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
to
discuss
the
main
factors
influencing
unmodified
EVs,
highlighting
distribution
patterns,
advantages,
limitations,
applications
under
different
routes
administration.
addition,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
discussion
currently
available
sources
summarize
current
status
potentials
EVs.
By
optimizing
administration
selecting
appropriate
EV
sources,
aim
offer
valuable
insights
enhance
delivery
efficiency
target
tissues.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
63(44)
Published: July 9, 2024
Abstract
Immune
checkpoint
blockade
targeting
the
CD47/SIRPα
axis
represents
an
alluring
avenue
for
cancer
immunotherapy.
However,
compromised
efficacy
and
safety
concerns
in
vivo
of
conventional
anti‐CD47
antibodies
impede
their
wide
clinical
applications.
Here
we
introduced
a
single
type
high‐mannose
glycans
into
nanobody
against
CD47
(HM‐nCD47)
subsequently
displayed
HM‐nCD47
on
cellular
vesicles
(CVs)
enhanced
In
this
platform,
CVs
significantly
improved
circulation
time
HM‐nCD47‐CVs,
nCD47
enabled
axis,
HM
recognition
mannose‐binding
lectin,
all
synergistically
activating
macrophage‐mediated
antitumor
immunity.
both
subcutaneous
metastatic
murine
tumor
models,
HM‐nCD47‐CVs
possessed
extended
half‐lives
increased
accumulation
at
site,
resulting
remarkable
macrophage‐dependent
inhibition
growth,
transcriptomic
remodeling
immune
response,
increase
survival
time.
By
integrating
chemical
biology
toolbox
with
cell
membrane
nanotechnology,
represent
new
immunotherapeutic
platform
other
diseases.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 3175 - 3199
Published: March 1, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
participate
in
intercellular
communication
and
play
an
essential
role
physiological
pathological
processes.
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
garnered
significant
attention
as
cell-free
therapeutic
alternatives,
vectors
for
drug
gene
delivery,
biomarkers
disease
diagnosis
prognosis,
vaccine
development,
nutraceuticals.
The
biodistribution
of
critically
influences
their
efficacy
toxicity.
Therefore,
this
review
aims
to
discuss
the
main
factors
influencing
unmodified
EVs,
highlighting
distribution
patterns,
advantages,
limitations,
applications
under
different
routes
administration.
addition,
we
provide
a
comprehensive
discussion
currently
available
sources
summarize
current
status
potentials
EVs.
By
optimizing
administration
selecting
appropriate
EV
sources,
aim
offer
valuable
insights
enhance
delivery
efficiency
target
tissues.
