CO₂‐Etching Creates Abundant Closed Pores in Hard Carbon for High‐Plateau‐Capacity Sodium Storage

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: Nov. 29, 2023

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) has become the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), but its plateau capacity at ≈0.1 V (Na + /Na) is still much lower than that of graphite (372 mAh g −1 ) in lithium‐ion (LIBs). Herein, a CO 2 ‐etching strategy applied to generate abundant closed pores starch‐derived hard effectively enhances Na storage. During etching, open are first formed on matrix, which situ reorganized through high‐temperature carbonization. This ‐assisted pore‐regulation increases diameter and HC, simultaneously maintains microsphere morphology (10–30 µm diameter). The optimal HC exhibits Na‐storage 487.6 with high initial Coulomb efficiency 90.56%. A record‐high 351 achieved, owing micropores generated by ‐etching. Comprehensive ex tests unravel storage performance originates from pore‐filling mechanism micropores.

Language: Английский

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Low‐Temperature Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Challenges and Progress

Advanced Energy Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(17)

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Abstract As an ideal candidate for the next generation of large‐scale energy storage devices, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have received great attention due to their low cost. However, practical utility SIBs faces constraints imposed by geographical and environmental factors, particularly in high‐altitude cold regions. In these areas, low‐temperature (LT) performance presents a pressing technological challenge that requires significant breakthroughs. LT environments, electrochemical reaction kinetics are sluggish, electrode/electrolyte interface is unstable, diffusion sodium ions electrode materials slow, leading decrease battery performance. Therefore, reasonable design electrolyte significance optimizing SIBs. this review, research progress electrolytes, cathode, anode materials, as well metal solid‐state electrolytes systematically summarized recent years, aiming understand principles SIBs, clarify basic development high‐performance applications, promote technology full temperature range.

Language: Английский

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Bridging Microstructure and Sodium-Ion Storage Mechanism in Hard Carbon for Sodium Ion Batteries

ACS Energy Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 1184 - 1191

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Hard carbon (HC) has emerged as a strong anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and cost-effectiveness. However, sodium storage mechanism remains contentious, the influence of microstructure on performance is not yet fully understood. This study successfully correlates structural attributes with electrochemical performance, shedding light what makes HC effective storage. It found that featuring larger interlayer spacing smaller thinner pseudographite domains beneficial facile Na+ intercalation. Conversely, presence long-range ordered graphite structure should be avoided, which may result in reduction reversible capacity. Through detailed analysis three commercial products, including situ X-ray diffraction Raman measurements, "adsorption-intercalation-filling" validated convincing explanation varying behaviors. Consequently, this work expected deepen our understanding provide insightful criteria further development advanced materials.

Language: Английский

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Rationally Designing Closed Pore Structure by Carbon Dots to Evoke Sodium Storage Sites of Hard Carbon in Low‐Potential Region

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(4)

Published: Oct. 15, 2023

Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is widely regarded as the most promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). For improving sodium storage capacity of HC anode, current research primarily focuses on high‐voltage slope region. Actually, increasing capability in low‐voltage plateau region more important enhancing energy density full cells. Therefore, this study, with rich closed pore structure designed and constructed help dots (CDs), it demonstrated that presence can provide sites region, resulting an obvious increase capacity. Moreover, pore‐filling intercalation mechanism revealed by situ Raman spectroscopy ex transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It worth noting induced not accompanied a decrease initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), due to fact introduction pores does contact area between electrode electrolyte. This work presents novel concepts structural design provides valuable insights into effective utilization SIBs.

Language: Английский

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Revitalizing sodium-ion batteries via controllable microstructures and advanced electrolytes for hard carbon

eScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 100181 - 100181

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) with low cost and high safety are considered as an electrochemical energy storage technology suitable for large-scale storage. Hard carbon, which is inexpensive has both capacity sodium potential, regarded the most promising anode commercial SIBs. However, commercialization of hard carbon still faces technical issues initial Coulombic efficiency, poor rate performance, insufficient cycling stability, due to intrinsically irregular microstructure carbon. To address these challenges, rational design crucial achieving high-performance SIBs, via gaining in-depth understanding its structure–performance correlations. In this context, our review firstly describes mechanism from perspective microstructure's formation. We then summarize state-of-art development providing a critical overview emergence in terms precursor selection, design, electrolyte regulation optimize strategies addressing practical problems. Finally, we highlight directions future achieve believe will serve basic guidance stimulate more exciting research into other types devices.

Language: Английский

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Facilitating Layered Oxide Cathodes Based on Orbital Hybridization for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Marvelous Air Stability, Controllable High Voltage, and Anion Redox Chemistry

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(15)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Layered oxides have become the research focus of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to low cost, simple synthesis process, and high specific capacity. However, poor air stability, unstable phase structure under voltage, slow anionic redox kinetics hinder their commercial application. In recent years, concept manipulating orbital hybridization has been proposed simultaneously regulate microelectronic modify surface chemistry environment intrinsically. this review, modes between atoms in 3d/4d transition metal (TM) orbitals O 2p near region Fermi energy level (E

Language: Английский

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Challenges and industrial perspectives on the development of sodium ion batteries

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129, P. 110052 - 110052

Published: July 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Resolving the Origins of Superior Cycling Performance of Antimony Anode in Sodium‐ion Batteries: A Comparison with Lithium‐ion Batteries

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(11)

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Alloying‐type antimony (Sb) with high theoretical capacity is a promising anode candidate for both lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion (SIBs). Given the larger radius of Na + (1.02 Å) than Li (0.76 Å), it was generally believed that Sb would experience even worse degradation in SIBs due to more substantial volumetric variations during cycling when compared LIBs. However, unexpectedly exhibited better electrochemical structural stability LIBs, mechanistic reasons underlie this performance discrepancy remain undiscovered. Here, using situ transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman techniques complemented by simulations, we explicitly reveal lithiation/delithiation process, sodiation/desodiation process displays previously unexplored two‐stage alloying/dealloying mechanism polycrystalline amorphous phases as intermediates featuring improved resilience mechanical damage, contributing superior SIBs. Additionally, properties weaker atomic interaction Na−Sb alloys Li−Sb favor enabling mitigated stress, accounting enhanced unveiled simulations. Our finding delineates origins potential implications other large‐volume‐change electrode materials.

Language: Английский

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Disordered materials for high-performance lithium-ion batteries: A review

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121, P. 109250 - 109250

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Disordered materials (DMs) have become promising in the advancement of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Their disordered, open structure is conductive to facilitate efficiency storage. DMs with tunable compositions also possess abundant defects that can interact Li+, further enhancing their electrochemical performances LIBs. Yet, revealing structural origin superior properties DM-based LIBs remains a challenge. In this article, we review recent advances development components for LIBs, such as anodes, cathodes, coating layers, and solid-state electrolytes. We describe primary preparation characterization methods utilized DMs, while describing mechanisms involved DM synthesis. This article addresses correlation between performances. Moreover, elucidate challenges future perspectives summarize key advantages LIB performance over crystalline counterparts, providing insights developing through tailored development.

Language: Английский

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Closed pore engineering of activated carbon enabled by waste mask for superior sodium storage

Energy storage materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 103183 - 103183

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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