Tough and Stretchable Phenolic‐Reinforced Double Network Deep Eutectic Solvent gels for Multifunctional Sensors with Environmental Adaptability

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(36)

Published: May 17, 2023

Abstract Conductive gels are perfect for various sensor applications due to their inherent stretchability, flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, poor environmental adaptability low fracture toughness restrict potential applications. In this study, resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin (RF) is used the first time as a rigid network compounded with flexible polyacrylic acid (PAA) successfully prepare double (DN) deep eutectic solvent gel (RF/PAA DN gel). The has high stress strength (1.04 MPa), compressive (10.63 (1.07 MJ m −3 ). addition of RF significantly improves mechanical properties gives RF/PAA certain photothermal effects, swelling resistance, flame retardancy, broadening scope use application gel. Importantly, multifunctional sensor, it can combine deformation sensing, temperature optical humidity underwater sensing into one, wide range stimuli responses excellent properties. Excellent suitability also allows its in temperatures (−20−90 °C), (55%−90% RH), underwater, fire conditions. work provides new ideas choosing networks novel strategy developing sensors performance complex environments.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Reinforcement of Polymer Networks: A Stepwise‐Enhanced Strategy for Ultrarobust Eutectogels

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(6)

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Abstract Gel materials are appealing due to their diverse applications in biomedicine, soft electronics, sensors, and actuators. Nevertheless, the existing synthetic gels often plagued by feeble network structures inherent defects associated with solvents, which compromise mechanical load‐bearing capacity cast persistent doubts about reliability. Herein, combined attractive deep eutectic solvent (DES), a stepwise‐enhanced strategy is presented fabricate ultrarobust eutectogels. It focuses on continuous modulation optimization of polymer networks through complementary annealing exchange processes, drives progressive increase both quantity mass interconnected chains at microscopic scale, hence contributing evolutionary enhancement structure. The resultant eutectogel exhibits superb properties, including record‐breaking strength (31.8 MPa), toughness (76.0 MJ m −3 ), Young's modulus (25.6 together exceptional resistance ability tear crack propagation. Moreover, this able be further programmed photolithography situ create patterned for imparting specific functionalities. Enhanced its broad applicability various DES combinations, poised serve as crucial template methodology future development robust gels.

Language: Английский

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Self-compliant ionic skin by leveraging hierarchical hydrogen bond association

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Robust interfacial compliance is essential for long-term physiological monitoring via skin-mountable ionic materials. Unfortunately, existing epidermal skins are not compliant and durable enough to accommodate the time-varying deformations of convoluted skin surface, due an imbalance in viscosity elasticity. Here we introduce a self-compliant that consistently works at critical gel point state with almost equal elasticity over super-wide frequency range. The material designed by leveraging hierarchical hydrogen bond association, allowing continuous release polymer strands create topological entanglements as complementary crosslinks. By embodying properties rapid stress relaxation, softness, conductivity, self-healability, flaw-insensitivity, self-adhesion, water-resistance, this fosters excellent cyclically deforming substrates, facilitates acquisition high-fidelity electrophysiological signals alleviated motion artifacts. presented strategy generalizable could expand applicability more complex service conditions.

Language: Английский

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A Coenzyme‐Based Deep Eutectic Supramolecular Polymer Bioadhesive

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(49)

Published: July 19, 2023

Abstract α‐lipoic acid (LA), a coenzyme, has proved to have excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities; however, its intrinsic hydrophobicity metastability of polyLA remains major challenge for the application LA‐based bulk materials in biomedical field. Herein, self‐stabilized deep eutectic supramolecular polymer ( LA‐DESP) adhesive is created by one‐step heating mixture LA sodium α‐lipoate (LA‐Na) (S‐, R‐isomer, racemate) without introducing any exogenous stabilizing molecules. The underlying effect LA/LA‐Na unveiled be originated from multiple hydrogen bonds between polyLA‐Na, which not only prevent depolymerization but also lower melting point LA‐DESP near body pathological temperature. Copolymerization LA‐Na slows down dissociation thus affording sustainable release bioactive small molecules satisfactory functions. Also, exhibits fast tough adhesion diverse substrates, including wet tissues, relying on situ curing property rich carboxyl groups. explored as tissue sealant, can well replace surgical suture enhance wound healing skin incision rat model. unprecedented will provide new strategy development bioadhesives.

Language: Английский

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Initiatorless Solar Photopolymerization of Versatile and Sustainable Eutectogels as Multi‐Response and Self‐Powered Sensors for Human–Computer Interface

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(51)

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Abstract Eutectogels are emerging as an appealing soft conductor for self‐powered sensing and the next generation of flexible human–computer interactive devices owing to their inherent mechanical elasticity high ionic conductivity. However, it still remains a challenge simultaneously achieve multi‐functional multi‐response integrations through facile sustainable approach. Herein, self‐healing, environment tolerant, intrinsically conductive, recyclable eutectogel with multiple responses is developed via one‐step solar‐initiated polymerization deep eutectic solvents (DESs) liquids (ILs). Abundant hydrogen bonds ion‐dipole interactions impart eutectogels strength (8.8 MPa), ultra‐stretchability (>1100%), strong self‐adhesion (≈12 recyclability, autonomously self‐healing ability. Furthermore, conductive versatile sensations on strain, temperature, humidity can serve wearable sensors wireless motion recognition interaction control. More importantly, eutectogel‐assembled single‐electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) exhibits extreme environment‐tolerant fast self‐healable properties that contribute maintaining excellent stable electrical outputs in wide work temperature range (approximately −40–60 °C), which appear be promising electronics environmental adaptability.

Language: Английский

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Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(31)

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract Electronic skin (e‐skin), a skin‐like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because its good flexibility, biocompatibility, conformability, sensing performance. E‐skin can monitor various health indicators human body real time over long term, including physical (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) chemical (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, development materials, analysis, manufacturing technologies has promoted significant e‐skin, laying foundation for application next‐generation medical devices. Herein, properties required e‐skin monitoring devices to achieve long‐term precise summarize several detectable field are discussed. Subsequently, applications integrated systems reviewed. Finally, current challenges future directions this This review is expected generate interest inspiration improvement systems.

Language: Английский

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Environment‐Tolerant Conductive Eutectogels for Multifunctional Sensing

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(26)

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Abstract Conductive hydrogels have shown significant potential in the realm of flexible electronics; however, using water as a solvent introduces problems such low‐temperature freezing and loss. One possible solution to address these limitations is replacing with deep eutectic solvents (DES). In this study, PHEAA–gelatin–MXene (PGM) eutectogels are constructed poly( N ‐hydroxyethyl acrylamide) (PHEAA) gelatin main components, MXene nanosheets added nanofillers. The PGM exhibit exceptional tensile compressive mechanical properties, including remarkable stretchability (940%), high strength (0.5 MPa), toughness (1.39 MJ m −3 ), impressive (0.3 MPa at 80% strain). Additionally, demonstrate excellent adhesion, anti‐freezing, long‐term anti‐drying abilities. Moreover, multifunctional sensors allow sensitivity, which enables accurate real‐time stable monitoring human activities over wide temperature range. Consequently, hold great candidates fields wearable devices, personal healthcare, human–machine interfaces.

Language: Английский

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High tensile properties, wide temperature tolerance, and DLP-printable eutectogels for microarrays wearable strain sensors

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 481, P. 149004 - 149004

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cellulose-Based Conductive Hydrogels for Emerging Intelligent Sensors

Advanced Fiber Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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Zwitterionic Eutectogels with High Ionic Conductivity for Environmentally Tolerant and Self-Healing Triboelectric Nanogenerators

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(29), P. 18980 - 18991

Published: July 8, 2024

Eutectogels have garnered considerable attention for the development of wearable devices, owing to their inherent mechanical elasticity, ionic conductivity, affordability, and environmental compatibility. However, low conductivity existing eutectogels has impeded progression in electronic applications. Here, we report a zwitterionic eutectogel with an impressive up 15.7 mS cm–1. The incorporation groups into creates ample mobile charges by dissociating cation anion solvents, thereby yielding exceptional conductivity. Moreover, abundant electrostatic hydrogen bonding interactions within endow it prominent self-healing adhesive properties. By integrating roughly patterned polydimethylsiloxane film, successfully constructed triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) maximum output power density 112 mW m–2. This TENG is capable generating stable electrical signals even extreme temperature conditions ranging from −80 100 °C effectively powering devices. Furthermore, assembled displays high sensitivity as self-powered sensor, enabling real-time precise monitoring derived human motions. study establishes promising approach sustainable multifunctional flexible electronics that are resilient environments.

Language: Английский

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