Site‐Selective Biofunctionalization of 3D Microstructures Via Direct Ink Writing DOI Creative Commons
George Mathew, Enrico Domenico Lemma,

Dalila Fontana

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 18, 2024

Abstract Two‐photon lithography has revolutionized multi‐photon 3D laser printing, enabling precise fabrication of micro‐ and nanoscale structures. Despite many advancements, challenges still persist, particularly in biofunctionalization microstructures. This study introduces a novel approach combining two‐photon with scanning probe for post‐functionalization microstructures overcoming limitations achieving spatially controlled biomolecule distribution. The method utilizes diverse range inks, including phospholipids, two different proteins, introducing high spatial resolution distinct functionalization on separate areas the same microstructure. surfaces are treated using bovine serum albumin and/or 3‐(Glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) to enhance ink retention. further demonstrates strategies create binding sites cells by integrating biomolecules, showcasing potential customized cell microenvironments. Specific adhesion onto functionalized microscaffolds is demonstrated, which paves way applications tissue engineering, biointerfacing electronic devices biomimetic modeling.

Language: Английский

Frontiers of Laser‐Based 3D Printing: A Perspective on Multi‐Photon Lithography DOI Creative Commons
Gordon Zyla, Maria Farsari

Laser & Photonics Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18(7)

Published: March 26, 2024

Abstract Lasers are instrumental in enabling precise processing and fostering the development of new technologies. Particularly, ultrafast lasers, due to their unique interaction with matter, can achieve not only exceptional spatial precision but also meticulously determine degree modification. A prime example this is laser‐based 3D printing through multi‐photon lithography (MPL). This approach remarkably enables true structures at micro‐ nanoscale, without need for masks or cumbersome tools, simply by using computer‐aided designs. Owing these capabilities, MPL has emerged as a powerful manufacturing technique across various multidisciplinary fields. The ongoing growth MPL's utilization led notable advancements highly complex on different substrates, well improvements resolution throughput, novel photosensitive materials, which impressively facilitated expansion into broader fields over last few years. In perspective article, aim highlight recent trends MPL. current challenges will be explored, addressed ensure its further integration advanced Additive Manufacturing nanoscale. future perspectives opportunities discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

24

3D printing and artificial intelligence tools for droplet microfluidics: Advances in the generation and analysis of emulsions DOI

Sibilla Orsini,

Marco Lauricella, Andrea Montessori

et al.

Applied Physics Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Droplet microfluidics has emerged as highly relevant technology in diverse fields such nanomaterials synthesis, photonics, drug delivery, regenerative medicine, food science, cosmetics, and agriculture. While significant progress been made understanding the fundamental mechanisms underlying droplet generation microchannels fabricating devices to produce droplets with varied functionality high throughput, challenges persist along two important directions. On one side, generalization of numerical results obtained by computational fluid dynamics would be deepen comprehension complex physical phenomena microfluidics, well capability predicting device behavior. Conversely, truly three-dimensional architectures enhance microfluidic platforms terms tailoring enhancing flow properties. Recent advancements artificial intelligence (AI) additive manufacturing (AM) promise unequaled opportunities for simulating behavior, precisely tracking individual droplets, exploring innovative designs. This review provides a comprehensive overview recent applying AI AM microfluidics. The basic properties multiphase flows production are discussed, current fabrication methods related introduced, together their applications. Delving into use technologies topics covered include AI-assisted simulations real-time within systems, AM-fabrication systems. synergistic combination is expected active matter expediting transition toward fully digital

Language: Английский

Citations

3

From Single to Multi‐Material 3D Printing of Glass‐Ceramics for Micro‐Optics DOI Creative Commons
Joel Arriaga‐Dávila, Cristian Rosero‐Arias, Dirk Jonker

et al.

Small Methods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract Feynman's statement, “There is plenty of room at the bottom”, underscores vast potential atomic scale, envisioning microscopic machines. Today, this vision extends into 3D space, where thousands atoms and molecules are volumetrically patterned to create light‐driven technologies. To fully harness their potential, designs must incorporate high‐refractive‐index elements with exceptional mechanical chemical resilience. The frontier, however, lies in creating spatially micro‐optical architectures glass ceramic materials dissimilar compositions. This multi‐material capability enables novel ways shaping light, leveraging interaction between diverse interfaced compositions push optical boundaries. Specifically, it encompasses both integration within same use different for distinct architectural features an system. Integrating fluid handling systems two‐photon lithography (TPL) provides a promising approach rapidly prototyping such complex components. review examines single TPL processes, discussing photoresin customization, essential physico‐chemical conditions, need cross‐scale characterization assess quality. It reflects on challenges characterizing multi‐scale outlines advancements structures. roadmap bridge research industry, emphasizing collaboration contributions advancing micro‐optics.

Language: Английский

Citations

2

Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications DOI Creative Commons
Olivia M. Young, Xin Xu, Sunandita Sarker

et al.

Lab on a Chip, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(9), P. 2371 - 2396

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Over the past decade, additive manufacturing-or "three-dimensional (3D) printing"-has attracted increasing attention in

Language: Английский

Citations

9

Shaping the future: latest developments in 3D printing stimuli-responsive soft polymers DOI
Govind Vashishtha, Sumika Chauhan, Nitin Yadav

et al.

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 136(10), P. 4215 - 4237

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

1

Beyond 3D: Smart Material Systems for Microscale 4D Printing DOI Creative Commons
D. M. Maher, Marcin Piekarczyk, Babak Rezaei

et al.

Advanced Materials Technologies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Abstract 4D printing combines advancements in 3D with smart materials that change properties response to external stimuli, enabling the fabrication of functional devices directly from printer. Microscale is rapidly growing, driving discovery and applications new strategies. The interest microscale comes its potential propel industrial transformation across different sectors, ranging advanced healthcare cryptography. However, this requires rational design a good understanding material response. This review starts by describing for printing. technologies micrometer resolution their use are then discussed. focus shifts stimuli respond to, mechanism behind obtained shape changes respect applied methods implemented so far realize complex changing behaviors. Examples within sensing, microactuation, data encryption, cargo transport shown. After discussing current challenges mitigation strategies, suggestions on direction field can take given, starting systematic iterative approach developing microstructures.

Language: Английский

Citations

1

Inverse design of 3D nanophotonic devices with structural integrity using auxiliary thermal solvers DOI Creative Commons

Oliver Kuster,

Yannick Augenstein, Rebeca Hernández

et al.

Nanophotonics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 14, 2025

3D additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of nanophotonic structures with subwavelength features that control light across macroscopic scales. Gradient-based optimization offers an efficient approach to design these complex and non-intuitive structures. However, expanding this methodology from 2D introduces complexities, such as need for structural integrity connectivity. This work a multi-objective method address challenges in designs. Our combines electromagnetic simulations auxiliary heat-diffusion solver ensure continuous material void By modeling regions heat sources boundaries sinks, we optimize structure minimize total temperature, thereby penalizing disconnected cannot dissipate thermal loads. Alongside optical response, metric becomes part our objective function. We demonstrate utility algorithm by designing two devices. The first is focusing element. second waveguide junction, which connects incoming waveguides different wavelengths into outgoing waveguides, are rotated 90° waveguides. pipeline generates digital blueprints fabricable materials, paving way practical nanoprinting applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

1

A Novel Multifunctional Material for Constructing 3D Multi‐Response Structures Using Programmable Two‐Photon Laser Fabrication DOI
Yuzhao Zhang, Haibo Yu, Xiaojie Zhang

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(28)

Published: March 10, 2024

Abstract Two‐photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP‐DLW) technology has gained much popularity due to its precision and flexibility in creating intricate 3D micro/nano‐scale devices machines. While TPP‐DLW enables complex micro/nano patterning, developing multifunctional materials tailored for this process remains a challenge, limiting sophisticated device performance. This work addresses key barriers by introducing novel network polymer with specifically designed TPP‐DLW. The material integrates functional groups allowing submicron spatial arrangement under control. Remarkably, it demonstrates tunable pH response, programmed fluorescence, dynamic reconfiguration upon optical illumination. By leveraging TPP‐DLW's programmability, reconfigurable encrypted microstructures are achieved, representing new printing paradigm beyond single property systems. synthesized responsive properties, combined digital fabrication control, fills critical gaps smart, adaptive Potential applications requiring exquisite control multi‐tasking, such as biomedical sensors, micromachines optics could see transformative advancement. Fundamentally, integrated materials‐processing approach broadens manufacturing design space versatility.

Language: Английский

Citations

7

Photocontrolled Reversible Solid‐Fluid Transitions of Azopolymer Nanocomposites for Intelligent Nanomaterials DOI Open Access
Shuofeng Liang, Chenrui Yuan, Chen Nie

et al.

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(38)

Published: July 31, 2024

Abstract Intelligent polymer nanocomposites are multicomponent and multifunctional materials that show immense potential across diverse applications. However, to exhibit intelligent traits such as adaptability, reconfigurability dynamic properties, these often require a solvent or heating environment facilitate the mobility of chains nanoparticles, rendering their applications in everyday settings impractical. Here azopolymer function effectively solvent‐free, room‐temperature based on photocontrolled reversible solid‐fluid transitions via switching flow temperatures ( T f s) shown. A range is synthesized through grafting Au nanorods, quantum dots, superparamagnetic nanoparticles with photoresponsive azopolymers. Leveraging cis ‐ trans photoisomerization azo groups, transition between solid above room temperature) fluid below states. Such empower rewriting nanopatterns, correction nanoscale defects, reconfiguration complex multiscale structures, design optical devices. These findings highlight ‐switchable promising candidates for development nanomaterials operative conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

4

Fabrication and characterization of interdigital transducer structures as temperature sensors by two-photon lithography DOI Open Access
Tayyab Waqar, Borui Li, Sezgin Ersoy

et al.

Journal of Measurements in Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Continuous developments in the field of 3D printing techniques and equipment have enabled their usage electronics structures, circuits, device fabrication addition to many other fields. This advancement has potential sensors using silicon-based micro or even Nanoelectronics. Currently, manufacturing packaging such devices structures are heavily reliant on lithography, which can be slow involve substantial processing requirements. In this paper, a temperature-sensing Interdigital Transducer (IDT) structure was designed fabricated Direct Laser Writing (DLW) based Two-Photon Lithography (TPL), is high-resolution technology. The TPL positive photoresist combined with physical vapor deposition method lift-off process create gold IDT microstructures. developed sensing were characterized network analyzer determine resonance frequency its dependence temperature changes. results showed that exhibit linear response toward changes an average sensitivity 0.123 MHz/°C. most important advantage producing additive technique very small-sized produced error-free efficiently.

Language: Английский

Citations

0