Magnetic Micro/nanorobots in Cancer Theranostics: From Designed Fabrication to Diverse Applications

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Cancer poses a substantial threat and serious challenge to public human health, driving the promotion of sophisticated technologies for cancer therapy. While conventional chemotherapy has bottlenecks such as low delivery efficiency, strong toxic side effects, tumor enrichment barriers, magnetic micro/nanorobots (MNRs) emerge promising therapeutic candidates that provide alternative strategies MNR is kind human-made machine micro- or nanosized, reasonably designed, performs command tasks through self-actuated externally controlled propulsion mechanisms, which can be potentially applied in theranostics. Here, this review first introduces components constitute typical MNR, including body part, control function sensing part. Subsequently, elucidates representative fabrication methods construct MNRs from top-down approaches bottom-up approaches, covering injection molding, self-rolling, melt electrospinning writing, deposition, biotemplate method, lithography, assembling, 3D printing, chemical synthesis. Furthermore, focuses on multiple applications facing diagnosis treatment, encompassing imaging, quantification, drug release, synergy with therapies, cell manipulation, surgical assistance. Then, systematically elaborates biocompatibility biosafety MNRs. Finally, challenges faced by are discussed alongside future research directions. This intended scientific guidance may improve comprehension cognition theranostics platform MNRs, promoting prospering practical application development

Language: Английский

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Highly Efficient, Salt‐Resistant, and Chemically Durable Solar Evaporator for the Purification of Industrial High‐Salinity Wastewater

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 12, 2025

Abstract Solar interfacial evaporation is a promising technology for producing clean freshwater from brine or wastewater with minimal carbon footprint. However, its application limited by poor salt and oil resistance chemical durability. In this work, superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic solar evaporator (SS‐SIE) comprising superhydrophobic top coated nanotubes designed absorbing light, superhydrophilic bottom pumping water, resisting insoluble organic matter. Owing to unique structure, deposition confined the part, thereby ensuring long‐term stability of SS‐SIE sustained (>100 h) in saturated brine, which record‐breaking salt‐resistant evaporators. Moreover, durability are demonstrated. With these excellent properties, enables stable industrial high‐salinity characterized strong alkalinity, high salinity, content under 1 sun irradiation over 7 days. Notably, purified water can be directly used cultivating plants without causing any toxic effects on their growth. Therefore, provides an alternative, environmentally friendly, efficient pathway purifying broadening range applications.

Language: Английский

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Facile Synthesis of Silicone Oil-Based Ferrofluid: Toward Smart Materials and Soft Robots

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2025

Ferrofluids are stable colloidal dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles in carrier liquids. Their combination and fluidic characteristics not only inspires fundamental inquiries into forms functions matter but also enables diverse applications ranging from sealants coolants mechanical devices to active components smart materials soft robots. Spurred by such applied interests, a growing need for easy-to-synthesize, high-quality ferrofluid exists. Here, we report the facile synthesis comprehensive characterization silicone oil-based that displays characteristic surface instability ferrofluids demonstrate its interfacial Silicone's chemical immiscibility with polar solvents biological inertness, when coupled responsiveness deformability, enable manipulation solid particles, gas bubbles, simple complex liquids, as well micro-organisms. We envision will find areas, including digital microfluidics, multifunctional materials, small-scale robotics.

Language: Английский

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Colloidal Magnetoelectric Shape Recognition Based on Machine Learning

Small Structures, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Functionalized particles ranging from nanoscale to microscale and their assemblies have facilitated a wide variety of sensing concepts, molecular‐scale chemical biological detection large‐scale engineering defect testing. Related macroscopic object shape sensing, visual recognition is generally the most versatile approach whenever possible. However, under certain conditions where perception hindered, for example, dark space or underwater, electrosensing can serve as an alternative sensation manner. Inspired by this concept, rudimentary shapes using electrically conductive, soft ferromagnetic Ni demonstrated, herein denoted colloidal magnetoelectric recognition. By confining target sensory between two planar electrodes magnetic field drive toward edges, changes in electrical conductivity are monitored. Machine learning then used resolve exact with high fidelity. This study introduces strategy short‐range potential applications suggested fields such robotics, drug delivery, biomedical diagnostics.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Targets, Novel Directions, and Innovative Approaches in Thrombosis Therapy

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In clinical practice, antiplatelet, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs are the mainstay of thrombosis treatment, but their potential bleeding side effects limit widespread use. Therefore, modifying these existing or developing new therapies that mitigate risks while maintaining efficacy utilization is necessary. Since critical role platelets in closely related to cell surface receptors, intracellular signaling pathways metabolism, current research focuses on three major classes platelet targets develop antithrombotic drugs. The coagulation cascade has always been main target drugs, since molecules contact system more than hemostasis, targeting system, such as FXIa FXIIa, have become direction drug at present. Moreover, inflammatory response found be significantly associated with recent years, development pathways, inflammasome, also a hot topic. This article provides detailed description formulations currently being investigated, including mode action efficiency, points out shortcomings. nanomedicines can achieve precise release which greatly improve thrombolytic efficiency reduce effects. conclusion, this review summarizing methods research, hoping provide little reference for future research.

Language: Английский

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Scalable Laser Manufacturing of High‐Aspect‐Ratio Superhydrophobic and Ferromagnetic Microcilia Arrays for Aqueous Droplet Transportation

Small Methods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 26, 2025

Abstract Biological cilia exhibit metachronal movements that enable the expulsion of substances such as mucus and bacterial cells. Inspired by biological cilia, significant progress has been made in recent years development artificial cilia. In particular, magnetic actuation emerged a prominent strategy for real‐time, remote‐controlled manipulation, offering noninvasive reversible operation without inducing irreversible damage. However, fabrication microcilia is currently constrained limitations achieving high aspect ratios, cost‐effectiveness, scalable production. this study, advanced laser manufacturing used to drill porous silicon (Si) templates, successfully demolding with ratio (exceeding 9). By integrating dioxide (SiO 2 ) nanoparticles, superhydrophobic surface achieved hierarchical micro‐nano structure. The experiments demonstrated these structured not only remarkable durability but also maintain long‐term superhydrophobicity. Furthermore, blending iron (II, III) oxide (Fe 3 O 4 arrays (SMMA) are developed, enabling droplet transportation on their controlled an external field. These have potential applications biomedical devices, self‐cleaning anti‐fouling surfaces, human sensing technologies.

Language: Английский

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Fabrication of PDMS based flexible capacitive tactile sensor array with inkjet printed silver electrodes for robotic object grasp control

Engineering Research Express, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 045356 - 045356

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Abstract Human interactive robots deployed for advanced services such as nursing and elderly assistance systems, operate in close proximity to humans a home environment, unlike the conventional industrial robots. For adaptive safe interaction with humans, it is important endow sense of touch Tactile sensors are embedded on robotic body perceive touch. The existing rigid tactile have limited flexibility conformability robot surfaces. This paper presents development detect human touch, biomimicking flexible nature skin. To emulate flexibility, we propose fabrication capacitive based polymers like Polyimide (PI) Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). PI used substrate develop 3 × array by thermal evaporation. PDMS dielectric between silver electrodes printed Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) adopting state art cost-effective inkjet printing. sensitivity evaluation fabricated sensor was carried out using customized force measurement setup. pressure 0.32% /KPa obtained. Force sensitive resistor (FSR) integrated estimate at contact location placed custom 3D arm, object grasp control. novel module (TSM) can potentially offer improved user experience human-robot (HRI) Robotic systems.

Language: Английский

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An esophagus-inspired magnetic-driven soft robot for directional transport of objects

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

An esophagus-inspired magnetic-driven soft robot can be used for orientation and antigravity object transport.

Language: Английский

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