Extreme Toughening of Conductive Hydrogels Through Synergistic Effects of Mineralization, Salting‐Out, and Ion Coordination Induced by Multivalent Anions DOI
Hongmei Luo, Lichao Jiang, Yuxin Guo

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Abstract Developing conductive hydrogels with both high strength and fracture toughness for diverse applications remains a significant challenge. In this work, an efficient toughening strategy is presented that exploits the multiple enhancement effects of anions through synergistic combination mineralization, salting‐out, ion coordination. The approach centers on hydrogel system comprising two polymers cation highly responsive to anions. Specifically, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chitosan quaternary ammonium (HACC) are used, as PVA benefits from salting‐out HACC undergoes coordination multivalent After just 1 h immersion in anionic solution, dramatic improvement mechanical properties, increasing by more than three orders magnitude. optimized achieves (26 MPa), Young's modulus (45 remarkable (67.3 kJ m −2 ), representing enhancements 860, 3200, 1200 times, respectively, compared its initial state. This breakthrough overcomes typical trade‐off between stiffness toughness. Additionally, ionic conductivity enables reliable strain sensing supports development durable supercapacitors. work presents simple effective pathway developing exceptional strength, toughness, conductivity.

Language: Английский

Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Conductive Hydrogels in Wearable Sensing DOI Creative Commons
Yingchun Li, Shaozhe Tan,

X Y Zhang

et al.

Gels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(4), P. 258 - 258

Published: April 1, 2025

Conductive hydrogels, integrating high conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility, have emerged as crucial materials driving the evolution of next-generation wearable sensors. Their unique ability to establish seamless interfaces with biological tissues enables real-time acquisition physiological signals, external stimuli, even therapeutic feedback, paving way for intelligent health monitoring personalized medical interventions. To fully harness their potential, significant efforts been dedicated tailoring conductive networks, properties, environmental stability these hydrogels through rational design systematic optimization. This review comprehensively summarizes strategies categorized into metal-based, carbon-based, polymer-based, ionic, hybrid systems. For each type, highlights structural principles, conductivity enhancement, approaches simultaneously enhance robustness long-term under complex environments. Furthermore, emerging applications in sensing systems are thoroughly discussed, covering signal monitoring, mechano-responsive platforms, closed-loop diagnostic–therapeutic Finally, this identifies key challenges offers future perspectives guide development multifunctional, intelligent, scalable hydrogel sensors, accelerating translation advanced flexible electronics smart healthcare technologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A strong, tough, and high-efficiency hydrogel thermocell for thermal energy harvesting DOI

Ziqing Lin,

Jiale Hong,

Chunzhi Huang

et al.

Nano Energy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110878 - 110878

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Supramolecular Zwitterionic Network Enabling Environment-Tolerant, Transparent, Adhesive, and Biocompatible Organogel for Epidermal Electronics DOI
Min Gong, Xiaobo Wang, Heng An

et al.

ACS Macro Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 448 - 457

Published: March 20, 2025

Ionic hydrogels are ideal for soft bioelectronics due to their softness, stretchability, and ion-mediated signal transduction. However, traditional face dehydration freezing issues. Inspired by natural skin, this study creates a supramolecular ionic organogel using silk fibroin, zwitterionic polymers, Ca2+, ethylene glycol (EG). The is conductive, highly stretchable, adhesive, environmentally stable, biocompatible. Theoretical calculations reveal that interactions among groups, EG, water stronger than water-water interactions, converting "free" into "locked" water. This mechanism allows the retain over 90% of its weight after 30 days at 25 °C 60% relative humidity, while also resisting disrupting ice formation. Its conductivity, adhesion, biocompatibility enable applications in on-skin strain sensors electrodes monitoring motion recording electrophysiological signals. work elucidates molecular networks, provides design framework tolerant organogel, advances ion-conductive bioelectronics.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Tough fiber-reinforced composite ionogels with crack resistance surpassing metals DOI Creative Commons
Xiaolin Lyu, Kun Yu, Haoqi Zhang

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Ionic Liquid-Inspired Highly Aligned Fibrous Ionogel for Boosted Thermoelectric Harvesting DOI
Dajun Xing, Weizheng Li,

Hao Yu

et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

Ionogels represent promising materials for thermoelectric generators that efficiently convert low-grade heat into electricity due to their flexibility, stability, nonvolatility, and high thermopower. However, improving performance presents challenges stemming from the complex interplay between ionic conductivity thermal conduction. In this study, we developed a highly oriented nanofibrous ionogel membrane through electrospinning of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) blended with linear CO2-derived polycarbonate oligomer an liquid, ethylmethylimidazolium dicyanamide. The liquid facilitated formation aligned nanofiber structures, which demonstrated superior reduced conduction compared bulk counterparts, primarily size effect inherent in nanofibers. Additionally, incorporation can increase amorphous region PEO matrix strengthen ion-polymer interaction without compromising orientation nanofibers thanks its compatibility abundance electron-withdrawing carbonate groups. This strategy effectively decouples conduction, thereby enhancing efficiency ionogels. advancement paves way development ionogels use flexible electronics energy harvesting applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Poly(ionic liquid)s-Based Ionogels for Sensor Applications DOI
Jie Gao, Akif Zeb, Hui Li

et al.

ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Poly(ionic liquid)s-based ionogels (PILs-IGs), composed of ionic liquids solvents and poly(ionic liquid)s gelators, have gained attention as promising materials due to their impressive properties, including good conductivity, remarkable transparency, adjustable mechanical characteristics, robust stability in challenging environments. There been notable advancements developing flexible sensors based on PILs-IGs recent years. This article provides an overview the progresses sensor technology using PILs-IGs. After briefly introducing fundamentals PILs-IGs, detailed material design, working principles, sensing performance are discussed. Future challenges potential solutions provided conclusion.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A Self‐Detection Mechanism Toward Stable Multiple Perception of Ionic Skins DOI Open Access

Shuting Shen,

Chengfei Liu, Wenxin Fan

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Abstract Ionic skins (I‐skins) hold significant potential for mimicking the complex sensory functions of human skin. However, they suffer from unstable sensing performance because water content and temperature I‐skins are susceptible to surrounding environment. Here, a self‐detection mechanism designed address this critical issue, ensuring stable perception multiple stimuli in I‐skins, is introduced. It demonstrated that gradient polyelectrolyte (GP) conductors possess two parameters—resistance self‐induced potential—that responsive content. Through establishing functional relations resistance against based on Nernst−Planck Arrhenius equations, respectively, resulting GP can be self‐detected/calculated real‐time measured signals. Such capability allows not only self‐calibrate their parameters accurate detection mechanical across varying environmental conditions but also discern humidity accordance with Flory−Rehner theory. This offers powerful tool developing capable changing environments without undesired encapsulation.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
High‐Strength and High‐Stretchability All‐Solid‐State Double‐Network Ion‐conductive Elastomers Based on Supramolecular Deep Eutectic Polymer DOI
Jiali Zhao, Xiaochun Wang,

Liang Lin

et al.

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 9, 2025

Abstract The double‐network (DN) structure has been proven to be an effective approach enhancing the strength and stretchability of stretchable ionic conductors. However, conventional strategy using a rigid first network encapsulate loose second often suffers from insufficient poor stability in practical applications due presence solvents system or significant compatibility differences between two networks. Therefore, developing ion‐conductive elastomers with minimal strong environmental is critical addressing these challenges flexible electronics. This study leverages highly customizable all‐solid‐state supramolecular deep eutectic polymers design Poly ( N ‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl) acrylamide‐Choline chloride) (HEAA‐ChCl) as Poly(Acrylic acid‐Choline (AA‐ChCl) network, both exhibiting similar compatibility. ensures uniform embedding networks, enabling efficient energy dissipation under external forces. resulting elastomer achieves 13.8 MPa, tensile strain 2780%, toughness high 161 MJ m − 3 . Such strategy, its exceptional mechanical properties, provides robust support for advancing high‐strength intelligent manufacturing.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Extreme Toughening of Conductive Hydrogels Through Synergistic Effects of Mineralization, Salting‐Out, and Ion Coordination Induced by Multivalent Anions DOI
Hongmei Luo, Lichao Jiang, Yuxin Guo

et al.

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Abstract Developing conductive hydrogels with both high strength and fracture toughness for diverse applications remains a significant challenge. In this work, an efficient toughening strategy is presented that exploits the multiple enhancement effects of anions through synergistic combination mineralization, salting‐out, ion coordination. The approach centers on hydrogel system comprising two polymers cation highly responsive to anions. Specifically, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chitosan quaternary ammonium (HACC) are used, as PVA benefits from salting‐out HACC undergoes coordination multivalent After just 1 h immersion in anionic solution, dramatic improvement mechanical properties, increasing by more than three orders magnitude. optimized achieves (26 MPa), Young's modulus (45 remarkable (67.3 kJ m −2 ), representing enhancements 860, 3200, 1200 times, respectively, compared its initial state. This breakthrough overcomes typical trade‐off between stiffness toughness. Additionally, ionic conductivity enables reliable strain sensing supports development durable supercapacitors. work presents simple effective pathway developing exceptional strength, toughness, conductivity.

Language: Английский

Citations

3