A mechanical model for axon pathfinding in a folding brain

Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 58(17), P. 175401 - 175401

Published: March 5, 2025

Abstract Understanding axonal growth and pathfinding during cortical folding is crucial to unravel the mechanisms underlying brain disorders that disturb connectivity human development. However, this topic remains incompletely understood. Here, we propose evaluate a diffusion-based continuum model understand how axons grow navigate in brain. To do so, bilayer simulating was devised with thin gray matter (GM) overlying thick white (WM). The stochastic of linked stress deformation fields system. Results showed modulus ratio GM WM rate are two critical parameters influence axon demonstrated strong predictive capability identifying termination points offered potential explanation for why settle more gyri (ridges) than sulci (valleys). Importantly, findings suggest alterations mechanical properties system impact patterns. This insight enhances our understanding development fetal stage provides new perspectives on associated abnormalities disrupted connectivity.

Language: Английский

Recent Trends and Future Directions in 3D Printing of Biocompatible Polymers

Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 129 - 129

Published: April 14, 2025

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting using biocompatible polymers has emerged as a revolutionary technique in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. These biopolymers mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) enhance cellular behavior. The current review presents recent advancements additive manufacturing processes including Stereolithography (SLA), Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), inkjet printing. It also explores fundamentals of 3D printing properties for bioprinting. By mixing biopolymers, enhancing rheological characteristics, adding bioactive components, further have been made organ transplantation, drug development, engineering. As research progresses, potential to fundamentally transform healthcare system is becoming obvious clear. However, therapeutic printed structures hindered by issues such material anisotropy, poor mechanical properties, need more biodegradable architectures. Future should concentrate on optimizing process sophisticated computational techniques, systematically examining characteristics customizing bioinks different cell types, exploring sustainable materials.

Language: Английский

Biodegradable sustained-release microneedle patch loaded with clindamycin hydrochloride: a breakthrough in acne management

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 30, 2025

Background Clindamycin hydrochloride, a first-line antibiotic for acne treatment, faces challenges with poor skin penetration due to its hydrophilicity and the barrier posed by stratum corneum. To address this limitation, we developed gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel-based biodegradable microneedles (GM-Clin-MN) sustained intradermal drug delivery, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Methods The microneedle patches loaded 1 wt% clindamycin hydrochloride were fabricated using PDMS molds characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), fluorescence microscopy. Drug loading release assessed UV-Vis at 520 nm, while mechanical strength was evaluated universal testing machine. Skin tested on ex vivo rat abdominal skin. Biosafety determined human fibroblast (HSF) cytotoxicity hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) irritation tests. Antibacterial efficacy against Cutibacterium acnes ( C. ) measured via colony counting. In treatment of in model. Gross morphological changes, histological sections, immunohistochemical staining used evaluate potential mechanisms treatment. Results hydrochloride-loaded GelMA achieved 0.49 ± 0.025 μg/needle, exhibiting rapid Day (54.8% 2.1%) 10 (72.1% 1.5%). penetrated depth 658 66 μm, swelled 185.4% 12.1%, completely dissolved within min. GM-Clin-MN displayed no or effectively inhibited growth (bacterial inhibition rate 100%). studies revealed that acne-related inflammation suppressed anti-scarring properties, reduced pro-inflammatory IL-1β levels, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 expression, diminished MMP-2 activity — key enzyme collagen overproduction during scarring. Conclusion enables sustained, minimally invasive delivery corneum, offering dual-action strategy combines potent antibacterial modulation management.

Language: Английский