From Sodium Storage Mechanism to Design of High-Capacity Carbon-Based Anode: A Review

Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(10), P. 2248 - 2248

Published: May 13, 2025

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as a viable alternative to lithium-ion technologies, with carbon-based anodes playing pivotal role in addressing key challenges of sodium storage. This review systematically examines hard carbon the premier anode material, elucidating its dual storage mechanisms: (1) sloping capacity (2.0–0.1 V vs. Na+/Na) from surface/defect adsorption and (2) plateau (<0.1 V) via closed-pore filling pseudo-graphitic intercalation. Through critical analysis recent advancements, we establish that optimized architectures delivering 300–400 mAh/g require precise coordination domains (d002 = 0.36–0.40 nm) <1 nm closed pores. ultimately provides design blueprint for next-generation anodes, proposing three research frontiers: machine learning-guided microstructure optimization, dynamic sodiation/desodiation control sub pores, (3) scalable manufacturing heteroatom-doped engineered domains. These advancements position enablers high-performance, cost-effective SIBs grid-scale energy applications.

Language: Английский

Decoding Aromatic Ring Effects on Crosslinking Chemistry and Closed-Pore Engineering in Hard Carbons for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Carbon, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 120433 - 120433

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский