Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 63 - 86
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
which
are
nanocarriers
with
phospholipid
bilayer
structures
released
by
most
cells,
play
a
key
role
in
regulating
physiological
and
pathological
processes.
EVs
have
been
investigated
due
to
their
loading
capacity,
low
toxicity,
immunogenicity,
biofunctions.
Although
shown
good
potential
as
therapeutic
vehicles,
natural
poor
targeting
ability,
substantially
reduces
the
effect.
Through
addition
of
unit
into
membrane
surface
or
inside
engineering
technology,
agent
can
accumulate
specific
cells
tissues.
Here,
we
focus
on
mammalian
(MEVs)
bacterial
(BEVs),
two
common
types
biomedical
field.
In
this
review,
describe
engineered
MEVs
BEVs
promising
for
targeted
therapy
summarize
biogenesis,
isolation,
characterization
BEVs.
We
then
techniques
enhancement
ability
EVs.
Moreover,
applications
therapy,
including
treatment
cancer
brain
bone
disease.
believe
that
review
will
help
improve
understanding
BEVs,
thereby
promoting
application
clinical
translation.
Bone Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: June 9, 2023
The
gut
microbiota
(GM)
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
the
overall
health
and
well-being
of
host.
Recent
studies
have
demonstrated
that
GM
may
significantly
influence
bone
metabolism
degenerative
skeletal
diseases,
such
as
osteoporosis
(OP).
Interventions
targeting
modification,
including
probiotics
or
antibiotics,
been
found
to
affect
remodeling.
This
review
provides
comprehensive
summary
recent
research
on
regulating
remodeling
seeks
elucidate
regulatory
mechanism
from
various
perspectives,
interaction
with
immune
system,
interplay
estrogen
parathyroid
hormone
(PTH),
impact
metabolites,
effect
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs).
Moreover,
this
explores
potential
therapeutic
approach
for
OP.
insights
presented
contribute
development
innovative
GM-targeted
therapies
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
86(4)
Published: Sept. 26, 2022
This
review
focuses
on
nonlytic
outer
membrane
vesicles
(OMVs),
a
subtype
of
bacterial
extracellular
(BEVs)
produced
by
Gram-negative
organisms
focusing
the
mechanisms
their
biogenesis,
cargo,
and
function.
Throughout,
we
highlight
issues
concerning
characterization
OMVs
distinguishing
them
from
other
types
BEVs.
Cell Host & Microbe,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
31(6), P. 1021 - 1037.e10
Published: June 1, 2023
Commensal
bacteria
are
critically
involved
in
the
establishment
of
tolerance
against
inflammatory
challenges,
molecular
mechanisms
which
just
being
uncovered.
All
kingdoms
life
produce
aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases
(ARSs).
Thus
far,
non-translational
roles
ARSs
have
largely
been
reported
eukaryotes.
Here,
we
report
that
threonyl-tRNA
synthetase
(AmTARS)
gut-associated
bacterium
Akkermansia
muciniphila
is
secreted
and
functions
to
monitor
modulate
immune
homeostasis.
Secreted
AmTARS
triggers
M2
macrophage
polarization
orchestrates
production
anti-inflammatory
IL-10
via
its
unique,
evolutionary-acquired
regions,
mediates
specific
interactions
with
TLR2.
This
interaction
activates
MAPK
PI3K/AKT
signaling
pathways,
converge
on
CREB,
leading
an
efficient
suppression
central
mediator
NF-κB.
restores
IL-10-positive
macrophages,
increases
levels
serum,
attenuates
pathological
effects
colitis
mice.
Thus,
commensal
tRNA
can
act
as
intrinsic
mediators
maintain
Bone Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Jan. 23, 2024
Abstract
Osteoporosis
is
a
widely
observed
condition
characterized
by
the
systemic
deterioration
of
bone
mass
and
microarchitecture,
which
increases
patient
susceptibility
to
fragile
fractures.
The
intricate
mechanisms
governing
homeostasis
are
substantially
impacted
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
play
crucial
roles
in
both
pathological
physiological
contexts.
EVs
derived
from
various
sources
exert
distinct
effects
on
osteoporosis.
Specifically,
released
osteoblasts,
endothelial
cells,
myocytes,
mesenchymal
stem
cells
contribute
formation
due
their
unique
cargo
proteins,
miRNAs,
cytokines.
Conversely,
secreted
osteoclasts
immune
promote
resorption
inhibit
formation.
Furthermore,
use
as
therapeutic
modalities
or
biomaterials
for
diagnosing
managing
osteoporosis
promising.
Here,
we
review
current
understanding
impact
homeostasis,
including
classification
biogenesis
regulatory
present
an
overview
latest
research
progress
treating
using
EVs.
Finally,
discuss
challenges
prospects
translational
Acta Biomaterialia,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
180, P. 18 - 45
Published: April 17, 2024
Bacterial
extracellular
vesicles
(BEVs)
are
naturally
occurring
bioactive
membrane-bound
nanoparticles
released
by
both
gram-negative
and
gram-positive
bacterial
species,
exhibiting
a
multifaceted
role
in
mediating
host-microbe
interactions
across
various
physiological
conditions.
Increasing
evidence
supports
BEVs
as
essential
mediators
of
cell-to-cell
communicaiton,
influencing
pathogenicity,
disease
mechanisms,
modulating
the
host
immune
response.
However,
extent
to
which
these
BEV-mediated
actions
can
be
leveraged
predict
onset,
guide
treatment
strategies,
determine
clinical
outcomes
remains
uncertain,
particularly
terms
their
translation
potentials.
This
review
briefly
describes
BEV
biogenesis
internalisation
recipient
cells
summarises
methods
for
isolation
characterization,
understanding
composition
cargo.
Further,
it
discusses
potential
biofluid-associated
biomarkers
diseases,
spanning
cancer
non-cancerous
Following
this,
we
outline
ongoing
human
trials
using
vaccine
development.
In
addition
diagnostics,
this
explores
emerging
research
natural
or
engineered
smart
nanomaterials
applications
anti-cancer
therapy
bone
regeneration.
discussion
extends
key
factors
unlocking
BEVs,
such
standardization
characterisation,
well
other
hurdles
translating
findings
setting.
We
propose
that
addressing
through
collaborative
efforts
well-designed
holds
fully
harnessing
BEVs.
As
field
advances,
suggests
BEV-based
nanomedicine
has
revolutionize
management,
paving
way
innovative
diagnosis,
therapeutics,
personalized
medicine
approaches.
STATEMENT
OF
SIGNIFICANCE:
Extracellular
(EVs)
from
bacteria
serve
multifunctional
biomaterials
fields
biomedicine,
bioengineering,
biomaterials.
majority
current
studies
focus
on
host-derived
EVs,
leaving
gap
comprehensive
bacteria-derived
EVs
(BEVs).
Although
offer
an
attractive
option
drug
delivery
systems,
unique
nanostructure
easy-to-modify
functions
make
them
method
diagnosis
Our
work
among
pioneering
investigating
nanobiomaterials
plays
crucial
development
diseases
therapeutic
interventions.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
72(9), P. 4726 - 4736
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Milk-derived
extracellular
vesicles
can
improve
intestinal
health
and
have
antiosteoporosis
potential.
In
this
paper,
we
explored
the
effects
of
bovine
raw
milk-derived
(mEVs)
on
ovariectomized
(OVX)
osteoporotic
mice
from
perspective
gut-bone
axis.
mEVs
could
inhibit
osteoclast
differentiation
microarchitecture.
The
level
biomarkers
in
OVX
was
restored
after
intervened.
Compared
with
mice,
enhance
permeability,
reduce
endotoxin
levels,
expression
TNF-α,
IL-17,
IL-10.
16S
rDNA
sequencing
indicated
that
altered
composition
gut
microbiota,
specifically
for
Bacteroides
associated
short-chain
fatty
acids
(SCFAs).
In-depth
analysis
SCFAs
demonstrated
restore
acetic
acid,
propionic
valeric
isovaleric
acid
levels
mice.
Correlation
revealed
changed
microbiota
were
significantly
inflammation
biomarkers.
This
study
osteoporosis
by
reshaping
increasing
SCFAs,
decreasing
pro-inflammatory
cytokines
differentiation-related
factors
These
findings
provide
evidence
use
as
a
food
supplement
osteoporosis.
