Electrochemical Water Splitting: Bridging the Gaps Between Fundamental Research and Industrial Applications

Energy & environment materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: May 28, 2022

Electrochemical water splitting represents one of the most promising technologies to produce green hydrogen, which can help realize goal achieving carbon neutrality. While substantial efforts on a laboratory scale have been made for understanding fundamental catalysis and developing high‐performance electrocatalysts two half‐reactions involved in electrocatalysis, much less attention has paid doing relevant research larger scale. For example, few such researches done an industrial Herein, we review very recent endeavors bridge gaps between applications electrolysis. We begin by introducing fundamentals electrochemical then present comparisons testing protocol, figure merit, catalyst interest, manufacturing cost industry‐based water‐electrolysis research. Special is tracking surface reconstruction process identifying real catalytic species under different conditions, highlight significant distinctions corresponding mechanisms. Advances designs industry‐relevant electrolysis are also summarized, reveal progress moving practical forward accelerating synergies material science engineering. Perspectives challenges electrocatalyst design strategies proposed finally further lab‐scale large‐scale electrocatalysis applications.

Language: Английский

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Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall and Hybrid Water Splitting

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(7), P. 3694 - 3812

Published: March 22, 2024

Electrocatalytic water splitting driven by renewable electricity has been recognized as a promising approach for green hydrogen production. Different from conventional strategies in developing electrocatalysts the two half-reactions of (e.g., and oxygen evolution reactions, HER OER) separately, there growing interest designing bifunctional electrocatalysts, which are able to catalyze both OER. In addition, considering high overpotentials required OER while limited value produced oxygen, is another rapidly exploring alternative oxidation reactions replace hybrid toward energy-efficient generation. This Review begins with an introduction on fundamental aspects splitting, followed thorough discussion various physicochemical characterization techniques that frequently employed probing active sites, emphasis reconstruction during redox electrolysis. The design, synthesis, performance diverse based noble metals, nonprecious metal-free nanocarbons, overall acidic alkaline electrolytes, thoroughly summarized compared. Next, their application also presented, wherein anodic include sacrificing agents oxidation, pollutants oxidative degradation, organics upgrading. Finally, concise statement current challenges future opportunities presented hope guiding endeavors quest sustainable

Language: Английский

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High‐Entropy Materials for Water Electrolysis

Energy Technology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11)

Published: Sept. 8, 2022

Green hydrogen production by renewables‐powered water electrolysis holds the key to energy sustainability and a carbon‐neutral future. The sluggish kinetics of water‐splitting reactions, namely, evolution reaction (HER) oxygen (OER), however, remains bottleneck technology. High‐entropy materials, due their compositional flexibility, structural stability, synergy between various elemental components, have recently aroused considerable interest in catalyzing reactions. Herein, timely review recent achievements is provided high‐entropy materials for electrolysis. An overview different kinds HER OER half‐reactions introduced, followed discussion theoretical experimental efforts understanding fundamental origins enhanced catalytic performance observed on catalysts. Various design strategies, including control size shape, construction porous structure, engineering defect, formation hybrid/composite develop catalysts with improved are highlighted. Finally, remaining challenges pointed out corresponding perspectives address these put forward promote development research field

Language: Английский

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New Undisputed Evidence and Strategy for Enhanced Lattice‐Oxygen Participation of Perovskite Electrocatalyst through Cation Deficiency Manipulation

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(14)

Published: March 20, 2022

Abstract Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key half‐reaction in many electrochemical transformations, and efficient electrocatalysts are critical to improve its kinetics which typically sluggish due multielectron‐transfer nature. Perovskite oxides popular category of OER catalysts, while their activity remains insufficient under the conventional adsorbate scheme where scaling relations limit enhancement. The lattice oxygen‐mediated mechanism (LOM) has been recently reported overcome such boost catalysis over several doped perovskite catalysts. However, direct evidence supporting LOM participation still very little because doping strategy applied would introduce additional active sites that may mask real mechanism. Herein, dopant‐free, cation deficiency manipulation tailor bulk diffusion properties perovskites without affecting surface reported, providing perfect platform for studying contribution catalysis. Further optimizing A‐site achieves candidate with excellent intrinsic activity, also demonstrates outstanding performance rechargeable Zn–air batteries water electrolyzers. These findings not only corroborate role electrocatalysis, but provide an effective way rational design better catalyst materials clean energy technologies.

Language: Английский

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Perovskite‐Based Electrocatalysts for Cost‐Effective Ultrahigh‐Current‐Density Water Splitting in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Cell

Small Methods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(11)

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Abstract Development of cost‐effective water splitting technology that allows low‐overpotential operation at high current density with non‐precious catalysts is the key for large‐scale hydrogen production. Herein, it demonstrated versatile perovskite‐based oxides, usually applied operating low and room temperature in alkaline solution, can be developed into low‐cost, highly active durable electrocatalysts densities a zero‐gap anion exchange membrane electrolyzer cell (AEMEC). The composite perovskite mixed phases Ruddlesden–Popper single as anode AEMEC exhibits promising performance an overall water‐splitting 2.01 A cm −2 voltage only 2.00 V 60 °C stable performance. elevated to promote diffusion boosts oxygen evolution kinetics by enhancing lattice‐oxygen participation. bifunctionality perovskites further promises more symmetrical configuration, primary both electrodes delivers 3.00 2.42 V. This work greatly expands use robust industrial great practical application merit.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the Transition of Electrochemical Water Oxidation Mechanism Induced by Heteroatom Doping

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(40)

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Abstract Heteroatom doping has emerged as a highly effective strategy to enhance the activity of metal‐based electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER). It is widely accepted that does not switch OER mechanism from adsorbate (AEM) lattice‐oxygen‐mediated (LOM), and enhanced attributed optimized binding energies intermediates. However, this seems inconsistent with fact overpotential doped (<300 mV) considerably smaller than limit AEM (>370 mV). To determine origin inconsistency, we select phosphorus (P)‐doped nickel‐iron mixed oxides model observe enhances covalency metal‐oxygen bonds drive pathway transition LOM, thereby breaking adsorption linear relation between *OH *OOH in AEM. Consequently, obtained P‐doped display small 237 mV at 10 mA cm −2 . Beyond P, similar also observed on sulfur doping. These findings offer new insights into substantially originating heteroatom

Language: Английский

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Understanding the bifunctional catalytic ability of electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction and urea oxidation Reaction: Recent advances and perspectives

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 471, P. 144660 - 144660

Published: July 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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Designing electrocatalysts for seawater splitting: surface/interface engineering toward enhanced electrocatalytic performance

Green Chemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 3767 - 3790

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Schematic illustration of interface/surface engineering strategies with various effective approaches for high-performance HER/OER electrocatalysts in seawater.

Language: Английский

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The mechanism of water oxidation using transition metal-based heterogeneous electrocatalysts

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(11), P. 5593 - 5625

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms using transition metal-based electrocatalysts are instrumental in providing novel insights into both natural and artificial energy conversion processes.

Language: Английский

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A review of progress in proton ceramic electrochemical cells: material and structural design, coupled with value-added chemical production

Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 5721 - 5770

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Improved performance of proton ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) through material development and structural design, application PCECs for efficient energy conversion render them promising clean sustainable development.

Language: Английский

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