Immuno,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(4), P. 312 - 324
Published: Sept. 27, 2024
Recent
advances
in
organoid
technology
have
revolutionized
cancer
biology
and
therapeutic
interventions,
offering
personalized
immunotherapy
treatment.
Organoids,
three-dimensional
cell
cultures
derived
from
patient
tumors,
accurately
replicate
the
tumor
microenvironment,
providing
unprecedented
insights
into
tumor-immune
interactions
responses.
In
this
literature-based
study,
we
discuss
various
culture
methods
for
diverse
applications
of
organoids
immunotherapy,
including
drug
screening,
treatment
strategies,
mechanistic
studies.
Additionally,
address
technological
challenges
associated
with
these
propose
potential
future
solutions
to
accelerate
development
novel
immunotherapeutic
approaches.
This
review
highlights
transformative
models
advancing
preclinical
modeling,
evaluation,
paving
way
more
effective
treatments.
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 1101 - 1125
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Cancer
remains
a
severe
public
health
burden
worldwide.One
of
the
challenges
hampering
effective
cancer
therapy
is
that
existing
models
hardly
recapitulate
tumor
microenvironment
human
patients.Over
past
decade,
organoids
have
emerged
as
an
in
vitro
3D
model
to
mimic
pathophysiological
characteristics
parental
tumors.Various
techniques
been
developed
construct
organoids,
such
matrix-based
methods,
hanging
drop,
spinner
or
rotating
flask,
nonadhesive
surface,
organ-on-a-chip,
bioprinting,
and
genetic
engineering.This
review
elaborated
on
cell
components
fabrication
methods
for
establishing
organoid
models.Furthermore,
we
discussed
application
modeling,
basic
research,
anticancer
therapy.Finally,
current
limitations
future
directions
employing
more
extensive
applications.
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(23)
Published: June 4, 2023
Abstract
Pancreatic
ductal
adenocarcinoma
(PDA)
is
a
clinically
challenging
disease
with
limited
treatment
options.
Despite
small
percentage
of
cases
defective
mismatch
DNA
repair
(dMMR),
PDA
included
in
the
most
immune‐resistant
cancer
types
that
are
poorly
responsive
to
immune
checkpoint
blockade
(ICB)
therapy.
To
facilitate
drug
discovery
combating
this
immunosuppressive
tumor
type,
high‐throughput
screen
platform
established
newly
developed
T
cell‐incorporated
pancreatic
organoid
model.
Tumor‐specific
cells
organoids
by
two‐step
cell
packaging,
fully
recapitulating
infiltration
microenvironment
(TME).
The
generated
key
components
original
tumor,
including
epithelial,
vascular
endothelial,
fibroblast
and
macrophage
cells,
then
packaged
into
their
outside
layer
mimicking
physical
barrier
enabling
cytotoxicity
studies.
In
organoid‐based
screen,
epigenetic
inhibitors
ITF2357
I‐BET151
identified,
which
combination
anti‐PD‐1
based
therapy
show
considerably
greater
anti‐tumor
effect.
combinatorial
turns
TME
from
immunoactive,
up‐regulates
MHC‐I
antigen
processing
presentation,
enhances
effector
activity.
standardized
model
has
shown
great
promise
accelerate
for
cancer.
Summary
The
intertwined
interactions
various
immune
cells
have
with
epithelial
in
our
body
require
sophisticated
experimental
approaches
to
be
studied.
Due
the
limitations
of
immortalized
cell
lines
and
animal
models,
there
is
an
increasing
demand
for
human
vitro
model
systems
investigate
microenvironment
normal
pathological
conditions.
Organoids,
which
are
self-renewing,
3D
cellular
structures
that
derived
from
stem
cells,
started
provide
gap-filling
tissue
modelling
solutions.
In
this
review,
we
first
demonstrate
some
available
examples
how
organoid-based
co-culture
experiments
can
advance
disease
cancer,
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
regeneration.
Then,
argue
achieve
both
complexity
scale,
organ-on-chip
models
combined
cutting-edge
microfluidics-based
technologies
more
precise
manipulation
readouts.
Finally,
discuss
genome
editing
techniques
use
patient-derived
organoids
improve
facilitate
precision
medicine.
To
maximum
impact
efficiency,
these
efforts
should
supported
by
novel
infrastructures
such
as
organoid
biobanks,
facilities,
well
drug
screening
host-microbe
interaction
testing
platforms.
All
together
or
combination
allow
researchers
shed
detailed,
often
patient-specific,
light
on
crosstalk
between
health
disease.
ACS Sensors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(7), P. 3466 - 3488
Published: July 11, 2024
Organ-on-a-Chip
(OOC)
technology,
which
emulates
the
physiological
environment
and
functionality
of
human
organs
on
a
microfluidic
chip,
is
undergoing
significant
technological
advancements.
Despite
its
rapid
evolution,
this
technology
also
facing
notable
challenges,
such
as
lack
vascularization,
development
multiorgan-on-a-chip
systems,
replication
body
single
chip.
The
progress
has
played
crucial
role
in
steering
OOC
toward
mimicking
microenvironment,
including
microenvironment
replication,
multiorgan
microphysiological
systems.
Additionally,
advancements
detection,
analysis,
organoid
imaging
technologies
have
enhanced
efficiency
Organs-on-Chips
(OOCs).
In
particular,
integration
artificial
intelligence
revolutionized
imaging,
significantly
enhancing
high-throughput
drug
screening.
Consequently,
review
covers
research
Human-on-a-chip,
sensors
OOCs,
latest
applications
biomedical
field.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 62 - 62
Published: Jan. 8, 2025
Background:
Tumors,
as
intricate
ecosystems,
comprise
oncocytes
and
the
highly
dynamic
tumor
stroma.
Tumor
stroma,
representing
non-cancerous
non-cellular
composition
of
microenvironment
(TME),
plays
a
crucial
role
in
oncogenesis
progression,
through
its
interactions
with
biological,
chemical,
mechanical
signals.
This
review
aims
to
analyze
challenges
stroma
mimicry
models,
highlight
advanced
personalized
co-culture
approaches
for
recapitulating
using
patient-derived
organoids
(PDTOs).
Methods:
synthesizes
findings
from
recent
studies
on
composition,
stromal
remodeling,
spatiotemporal
heterogeneities
TME.
It
explores
popular
stroma-related
systems
integrating
PDTOs
elements,
techniques
improve
mimicry.
Results:
Stroma
driven
by
cells,
highlights
dynamism
heterogeneity
PDTOs,
derived
tissues
or
cancer-specific
stem
accurately
mimic
tissue-specific
genetic
features
primary
tumors,
making
them
valuable
drug
screening.
Co-culture
models
combining
elements
effectively
recreate
TME,
showing
promise
anti-cancer
therapy.
Advanced
flexible
combinations
enhance
precision
tumor-stroma
recapitulation.
Conclusions:
PDTO-based
offer
promising
platform
therapy
development.
underscores
importance
refining
these
advance
medicine
therapeutic
outcomes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(19), P. 14609 - 14609
Published: Sept. 27, 2023
The
use
of
patient-derived
tumor
tissues
and
cells
has
led
to
significant
advances
in
personalized
cancer
therapy
precision
medicine.
advent
genomic
sequencing
technologies
enabled
the
comprehensive
analysis
characteristics.
three-dimensional
organoids
derived
from
self-organizing
stem
are
valuable
ex
vivo
models
that
faithfully
replicate
structure,
unique
features,
genetic
characteristics
tumors.
These
have
emerged
as
innovative
tools
extensively
employed
drug
testing,
genome
editing,
transplantation
guide
clinical
settings.
However,
a
major
limitation
this
emerging
technology
is
absence
microenvironment
includes
immune
stromal
cells.
therapeutic
efficacy
checkpoint
inhibitors
underscored
importance
cells,
particularly
cytotoxic
T
infiltrate
vicinity
tumors,
patient
prognosis.
To
address
limitation,
co-culture
techniques
combining
been
developed,
offering
diverse
avenues
for
studying
individualized
responsiveness.
By
integrating
cellular
components
microenvironment,
including
into
organoid
cultures,
immuno-oncology
embraced
technology,
which
rapidly
advancing.
Recent
progress
allowed
better
understanding
advantages
limitations
novel
model,
thereby
exploring
its
full
potential.
This
review
focuses
on
current
applications
organoid-T
cell
research
highlights
remaining
challenges
need
be
addressed
broader
implementation
anti-cancer
therapy.
