Extracellular Vesicles: The Invisible Heroes and Villains of COVID‐19 Central Neuropathology

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10)

Published: Dec. 24, 2023

Abstract Acknowledging the neurological symptoms of COVID‐19 and long‐lasting damage even after epidemic ends are common, necessitating ongoing vigilance. Initial investigations suggest that extracellular vesicles (EVs), which assist in evasion host's immune response achieve SARS‐CoV‐2 systemic spreading, contribute to virus's attack on central nervous system (CNS). The pro‐inflammatory, pro‐coagulant, immunomodulatory properties EVs contents may directly drive neuroinflammation cerebral thrombosis COVID‐19. Additionally, have attracted attention as potential candidates for targeted therapy due their innate homing properties, low immunogenicity, ability cross blood‐brain barrier (BBB) freely. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSCs) secreted widely applied evaluated patients with therapeutic effect, considering limited antiviral treatment. This review summarizes involvement neuropathology carriers or other pathogenic contents, predictors by transporting brain‐derived substances, agents delivering biotherapeutic substances drugs. Understanding diverse roles neuropathological aspects provides a comprehensive framework developing, treating, preventing severe consequences associated disease.

Language: Английский

Promising nanotherapeutics of stem cell extracellular vesicles in liver regeneration

Regenerative Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26, P. 1037 - 1047

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский