Organic Mixed Ionic–Electronic Conductors for Bioelectronic Sensors: Materials and Operation Mechanisms

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(27)

Published: Dec. 26, 2023

Abstract The field of organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductors (OMIECs) has gained significant attention due to their ability transport both electrons and ions, making them promising candidates for various applications. Initially focused on inorganic materials, the exploration conduction expanded especially polymers, owing advantages such as solution processability, flexibility, property tunability. OMIECs, particularly in form possess electronic ionic functionalities. This review provides an overview OMIECs aspects covering mechanisms charge including transport, ionic–electronic coupling, well conducting/semiconducting conjugated polymers applications bioelectronics, (multi)sensors, neuromorphic devices, electrochromic devices. show promise bioelectronics compatibility with biological systems modulate resembling principles systems. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) based offer potential bioelectronic applications, responding external stimuli through modulation transport. An in‐depth recent research achievements using categorized physical chemical devices circuit is presented.

Language: Английский

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Sandwich‐Structured Organogel with Asymmetric‐Adhesion and Adaptive Optical Regulation for Simultaneous Sensing of Human Motion and Temperature Without Interference

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 3, 2025

Abstract The application of these NIPAm‐based temperature‐sensitive hydrogels in wearable sensing is limited by the inability to achieve a long‐lasting temperature response and adaptive optical regulation due water loss hydrogel, avoid phenomenon detachment external touch, mutual interference between stress signals. Here, sandwich‐structured organogel sensors (SOGS) are prepared based on solvent modulation interfacial fusion cross‐linking strategies asymmetric‐adhesion, regulation, simultaneous human motion without Modulation properties through hydrogen bonding glycol amide groups for long‐term (10–30 °C) infrared ultraviolet regulation. Adhesive conductive introduced under an strategy unilateral adhesion (67.28 kPa pig skin) sensing. intermediate layer prevents In conclusion, provides new idea developing novel responsive gels, facile method unilaterally adherent, interference‐resistant, multifunctional sensors.

Language: Английский

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Gel‐Based Electrolytes for Organic Electrochemical Transistors: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Abstract Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have emerged as the core component of specialized bioelectronic technologies due to their high signal amplification capability, low operating voltage (<1 V), and biocompatibility. Under a gate bias, OECTs modulate device operation via ionic drift between electrolyte channel. Compared common electrolytes with fluid nature (including salt aqueous solutions ion liquids), gel electrolytes, an intriguing structure consisting physically and/or chemically crosslinked polymer network where interstitial spaces polymers are filled liquid or mobile species, promising candidates for quasi‐solid electrolytes. Due relatively conductivity, potential large‐scale integration, capability suppress channel swelling, been research highlight in recent years. This review summarizes progress on that demonstrate good mechanical well physical chemical stabilities. Moreover, various components forming including different phases components, introduced. Furthermore, applications these areas sensors, neuromorphics, organic circuits, discussed. Last, future perspectives based discussed along possible existing challenges.

Language: Английский

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Bioelectronics with Topological Crosslinked Networks for Tactile Perception

Advanced Physics Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

Abstract Bioelectronics, which integrate biological systems with electronic components, have attracted significant attention in developing biomimetic materials and advanced hardware architectures to enable novel information‐processing systems, sensors, actuators. However, the rigidity of conjugated molecular lack reconfigurability static crosslinked structures pose challenges for flexible sensing applications. Topological networks (TCNs) featuring dynamic interactions offer enhanced flexibility environmentally induced reconfigurability, decoupling competition between performances. Here, recent advances are summarized assembly methods bioelectronics different TCNs elaborate ion/electron‐transport mechanisms from perspective interactions. Decoupling effects can be achieved by comparing distinct their respective properties, an outlook is provided on a new range neuromorphic biocompatibility, self‐healing, self‐powered, multimodal‐sensing capabilities. The development TCN‐based significantly impact fields artificial perception devices, networks, systems.

Language: Английский

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Water‐Induced Modulation of Bipolaron Formation in N-type Polymeric Mixed Conductors

Materials Science and Engineering R Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 163, P. 100944 - 100944

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Conformationally Driven Mechanism in n‐Type Doping of Naphthalene Diimide‐Bithiophene Copolymer by 1H‐Benzimidazoles

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract N‐doped polymer semiconductors are of great interest in the field organic thermoelectrics, as high‐conductive materials still highly desired. In this framework, paper aims to clarify whether n‐doping naphthalene diimide‐bithiophene copolymer, P(NDI2OD‐T2), by 1H‐benzimidazoles is a thermally activated process. The study interestingly demonstrates that relevant change conductivity, with an increase more than three orders magnitude respect pristine occurs before annealing process takes place, thus revealing benzimidazole‐derived dopants already active at room temperature. Moreover, despite time and temperature affecting electrical conductivity system, their contribution less relevant, limited up times. results from characterization samples supported infrared spectroscopy investigation X‐ray analysis, marker bands polaron manifest structural between undoped just‐doped P(NDI2OD‐T2) films, accompanied only minor modifications during Finally, based on density functional theory simulations, conformational 1H‐benzimidazole dopant molecules, induced interaction proposed possible mechanism explaining effective doping

Language: Английский

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Strong Proquinoidal Acceptor Enables High‐Performance Ambipolar Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Abstract Ambipolar organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) can simplify manufacturing processes and reduce device footprints, yet their performance still lags behind p‐type n‐type counterparts due to limited molecular design strategies. Here, incorporating strong proquinoidal building blocks effectively addresses this challenge is demonstrated. Using a computational acceptor screening approach, three TBDOPV‐based polymers are designed synthesized: P(bgTBDOPV‐T), P(bgTBDOPV‐EDOT), P(bgTBDOPV‐MeOT2), all exhibiting ambipolar behavior across various donor moieties. Remarkably, P(bgTBDOPV‐EDOT) achieves record‐high figure‐of‐merit ( µC *) values, reaching 268 F cm −1 V s for 107 operations. Additionally, exhibits low operation voltages Th,p = −0.55 Th,n 0.32 V), with fast response times τ on / off 0.48/0.36 ms 0.41/0.41 n‐type) enhanced operational stability. Inverter devices based show high voltage gains of 173 V/V. Theoretical calculations data analysis confirm that acceptors significantly enhance the delocalization both positive negative polarons, offering an effective pathway higher‐performance OECT materials.

Language: Английский

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A Solution‐Based Deposition Method Enabling Pigment Blue Edible Electrochemical Transistors

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc), also known as Pigment Blue 15, is a widely utilized pigment renowned for its exceptional semiconducting properties when refined to electronic‐grade purity. Recent studies have confirmed safety if ingested at doses required essential active components in edible electronics advanced gastrointestinal tract monitoring. Since in‐body operations impose stringent constraints on operational biases, the development of transistors with high transconductance low voltages ensure adequate amplification gain. This study presents simple and cost‐effective method producing solution‐processed CuPc films characterized by unique porous microstructure that facilitates efficient volumetric ion uptake mixed ionic‐electronic conductivity electrolyte‐gated devices. These exhibit capacitance 30 times greater than compact produced through conventional physical vapor deposition methods. The resulting demonstrate On/Off ratios exceeding 10 3 channel width‐normalized up 50 µS mm −1 0.8 V, establishing their potential critical future Moreover, proposed results limited impact impurities charge transport efficiency, thus affecting purification costs and, crucially, enabling sourcing pigments recycling upcycling.

Language: Английский

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New Perspectives on Semiconducting Conjugated Oligomers for Neuromodulation in Hydra vulgaris

Advanced Materials Interfaces, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 22, 2025

Abstract A general overview is provided on the neuromodulatory function of thiophene‐based semiconductors discovered and characterized in invertebrate model organism, cnidarian Hydra vulgaris . The small freshwater polyp an attractive animal for neuromodulation due to its simple body anatomy a nervous system with hundreds thousands neurons organized distinct circuits, each controlling limited set behaviors. With aim characterizing polymerization trimers soft tissues this model, unexpected behavior observed addition polymerization, involved possible underlying mechanisms are identified. To date, action these compounds other vivo models has not been observed. Here, recent data double showed by summarized, from into conductive structures driven endogenous enzymatic activities specific neuronal circuits. open intriguing research possibilities offered organism field organic bioelectronics both situ production conducting interfaces influence biological processes functions.

Language: Английский

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Modeling carrier density of organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors in aqueous solutions using spectroelectrochemical measurement

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Charge carrier density is essential for organic mixed ionic–electronic conductors (OMIECs) operating in aqueous environments. However, traditional methods measuring this property are limited. This study introduces a novel approach using spectroelectrochemistry to evaluate charge OMIECs immersed solutions. By incorporating (3‐glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (GOPS) into PEDOT:PSS films, can be systematically control. A detailed explanation of the spectroelectrochemical setup provided and an analytical model developed that accurately predicts relationship between GOPS concentration density. The findings demonstrate effectiveness as tool OMIECs, paving way further advancements understanding optimizing their performance

Language: Английский

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